Ultra Wideband Communications - Novel Trends, Antennas and Propagation

396 Pages·2011·29.64 MB·English

by  M. Matin

ULTRA WIDEBAND
COMMUNICATIONS:
NOVEL TRENDS –
ANTENNAS AND
PROPAGATION

Edited by Mohammad A. Matin
Ultra Wideband Communications: Novel Trends – Antennas and Propagation
Edited by Mohammad A. Matin

Published by InTech
Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia

Copyright © 2011 InTech
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Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic
Cover Designer Jan Hyrat
Image Copyright Sarun T, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com

First published July, 2011
Printed in Croatia

A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected]

Ultra Wideband Communications: Novel Trends – Antennas and Propagation,
Edited by Mohammad A. Matin
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-307-452-8
free online editions of InTech
Books and Journals can be found at
www.intechopen.com

Contents

Preface IX
Part 1 UWB Waveform Generation 1
Chapter 1 Ultra-Wideband Waveform
Generation Using Nonlinear
Propagation in Optical Fibers 3
Avi Zadok, Daniel Grodensky, Daniel Kravitz,
Yair Peled, Moshe Tur,
Xiaoxia Wu and Alan E. Willner
Part 2 UWB Channel – Theory and Measurements 25
Chapter 2 Ultra-Wideband (UWB)
Communications Channel
– Theory and Measurements 27
Javad Ahmadi-Shokouh and Robert Caiming Qiu
Chapter 3 Propagation Models for the Characterization
of the Indoor UWB Channel 53
Francisco Saez de Adana
Chapter 4 Frequency UWB Channel 67
Gonzalo Llano, Juan C. Cuellar and Andres Navarro
Chapter 5 Effects of Bandwidth on Estimation
of UWB Channel Parameters 97
Duje Čoko, Zoran Blažević and Ivan Marinović
Part 3 UWB Pulse Reflection 117
Chapter 6 Ultra Wideband (UWB)
Pulse Reflection from
a Dispersive Medium Half Space 119
Qingsheng Zeng and Gilles Y. Delisle
VI Contents

Part 4 UWB Antennas and Arrays 141
Chapter 7 Planar Monopole UWB Antennas
with Cuts at the Edges and Parasitic Loops 143
Karlo Costa and Victor Dmitriev
Chapter 8 Characteristics of an Ultra-Wideband (UWB)
Butterfly-Shaped Monopole Antenna 155
Qiubo Ye, Zhi Ning Chen and Terence S. P. See
Chapter 9 Performance Study on Modern Ultra
Wideband Monopole Antennas 175
Abdelhalim Mohamed and Lotfollah Shafai
Chapter 10 Ultra-Wideband Printed Antennas Design 195
Mohamed Nabil Srifi
Chapter 11 Printed Sleeve Monopole Antenna 215
Salman Naeem Khan and Muhammad Ashfaq Ahmed
Chapter 12 Design and Implementation
of UWB CPW-Fed Planar Monopole
Antenna with Dual Band Rejection Characteristics 231
Woo Chan Kim and Woon Geun Yang
Chapter 13 Design of a CPW-Fed Dual Band-Notched Planar
Wideband Antenna for UWB Applications 239
Fei Yu and Chunhua Wang
Chapter 14 Coplanar-Microstrip Transitions
for Ultra-Wideband Communications 255
Mohammed El-Gibari, Dominique Averty, Cyril Lupi,
Yann Mahé Hongwu Li and Serge Toutain
Chapter 15 Ultra Wideband Antennas
for High Pulsed Power Applications 277
Baptiste Cadilhon, Bruno Cassany, Patrick Modin,
Jean-Christophe Diot, Valérie Bertrand and Laurent Pécastaing
Chapter 16 UWB Multifunction Antennas 307
Paolo Baldonero, Roberto Flamini,
Antonio Manna and Fabrizio Trotta
Chapter 17 Reconfigurable Antennas
of Wide Tuning Ranges and
Controllable Selectivity Using Matching Networks 335
Chin-Lung Yang and Chieh-Sen Li
Contents VII

Chapter 18 A Novel Directive, Dispersion-Free UWB Radiator with
Superb EM-Characteristics for Multiband/Multifunction
Radar Applications 351
D. Tran, N. Haider, P. Aubry, A. Szilagyi,
I.E. Lager, A. Yarovoy and L.P. Ligthart

Preface

Ultra wideband (UWB) has advanced and merged as a technology, and many more
people are aware of the potential for this exciting technology. The current UWB field is
extremely dynamic, with new techniques and ideas where several issues are involved
in developing the systems, such as antenna design, channel model, and interference.
However, the antenna design for UWB signal is one of the main challenges, especially
when low cost, geometrically small and radio efficient structures are required for
typical applications. It is expected that an appropriate antenna configuration should be
part of a UWB chipset with a full reference design. It requires a theoretical basis for
computation and estimation of antenna design parameters and performance
prediction that determine the performance of precision range and direction
measurements.
This book offers basic as well as advanced research materials for antennas and
propagation. It has taken a theoretical and experimental approach to some extent,
which is more useful to the reader in the long run. The book highlights the unique
design issues which put the reader in a good pace to be able to understand more
advanced research and make a contribution in this field themselves. It is believed that
this book serves as a comprehensive reference for graduate students in UWB antenna
technologies.
Chapter 1 explains the generation of UWB impulse radio using self-phase modulation
in optical fibers. Two different nonlinear mechanisms had been employed: self-phase
modulation (SPM) and Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) for the generation of UWB
waveforms.
Chapter 2 presents a comprehensive overview of UWB measurements of all empirical
data available on various fading properties of indoor radio wave communication
channels. The analytic summaries lead to insights on UWB fading channel
characterization and modeling.
The propagation of the UWB signals in indoor environments is an important task for
the implementation of WPANs which is explained in chapter 3.
Chapter 4 provides a detailed description of the UWB channel in the frequency
domain, using the models defined by IEEE 802.2.15.3a and 802.2.15.4a for High Data
X Preface

Rate Wireless Personal Area Network (HDR-WPAN), Body Area Networks (BAN) and
Sensors Networks, among other applications. A theoretical model for the fade depth
and fading margin of the channel energy is presented in accordance to the parameters
of the IEEE 802.15.4a UWB channel model.
Chapter 5 is about the estimations of the channel parameters which have certain
dependency on the system bandwidth.
Accurate modeling and improved physical understanding of pulse reflection from
dispersive media is crucial in a number of applications, including optical waveguides,
UWB radar, ground penetrating radar, UWB biological effects, stealth technology and
remote sensing which is explained in chapter 6. The time domain technique based on
the numerical inversion of Laplace transform is also developed and extended to the
modeling of ultra wideband pulse reflection from Lorentz, Debye and Cole−Cole
media.
Chapter 7 explores planar antennas which are widely used in UWB systems because of
their low cost of fabrication, low size, and simple structure. In this chapter, four planar
UWB antennas with cuts at the edges and parasitic loops have been analyzed. The
investigated antennas are: a rectangular monopole with two loops, a rectangular
monopole with four loops, a rectangular monopole with cuts at the edges, and a
rectangular monopole with cuts at the edges and two parasitic loops. Here, to enlarge
the matching bandwidth, the dimensions of the antennas were optimized with cut-and
try method.
Chapter 8 presents butterfly-shaped monopole antenna that has demonstrated good
impedance and radiation performance across the UWB band.
Monopole disc antennas, with circular, elliptical and trapezoidal shapes, have simpler
two-dimensional geometries and are easier to fabricate compared to the traditional
UWB monopole antennas with three-dimensional geometries such as spheroidal,
conical and teardrop antennas. In chapter 9, different square, circular and elliptical
disc monopole antenna geometries are designed and analyzed for both
omnidirectional and directional applications. The feeding structure is optimized to
have a maximum impedance bandwidth starting at 3 GHz.
Printed disc monopole antennas are designed in chapter 10 which could be treated as a
good candidate for current and future ultra wideband applications, due to their
attractive features (i.e. small size, low profile, low cost, impedance bandwidth, gain,
nearly omnidirectional radiation).
In chapter 11, rectangular and diamond shaped sleeve UWB antennas are presented
for UWB performance. The analysis of sleeve UWB antenna is also be explained on the
basis of transmission line model of antenna and characteristic modes to get insight
details of the sleeves behavior and their effect on the impedance bandwidth.