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Ultimate Review for the Neurology Boards PDF

671 Pages·2016·10.574 MB·English
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U LT I M AT E U L U LT I M AT E T REVIEW I FOR THE M A ALEXANDER D. RAE-GRANT, MD T NEUROLOGY E SEBY JOHN, MD R BOARDS THIRD JOHN A. MORREN, MD E R E V I E W V EDITION HUBERT H. FERNANDEZ, MD I FOR THE E W Now in its third edition, Ultimate Review for the Neurology Boards is the definitive study guide for F anyone preparing for the neurology board exam, RITE, or MOC exam. Compiled by nearly two dozen O R N E U R O L O G Y contributors and edited by four leading neurologists from the Cleveland Clinic, this comprehensive T point form review presents the latest research, data, and knowledge on all aspects of neurology that H E you need to know to succeed on these exams. N E The book is organized into five sections for easy access and concludes with a practice test. The first U section covers basic neurosciences, including neurochemistry, clinical neuroanatomy, and genetics. R B O A R D S The next section discusses clinical neurology, with chapters devoted to the major diseases and O disorders including stroke, head trauma, dementia, epilepsy, and movement disorders, among others. L In the third section, NCS, EMG, EEG, evoked potentials, and sleep neurology are covered, with O images to enhance understanding of fundamental neurophysiologic techniques. After a dedicated G chapter on pediatric neurology, the final section contains nine chapters on subspecialties, including Y neurorehabilitation, adult and child psychiatry, neurourology, neuro-oncology, and more. B O Each chapter has been fully reviewed, revised, and updated to reflect current knowledge and A practice and presents the information in an outline format, ideal for test preparation. Crucial topics R and high-yield data are highlighted in bold or italic for maximal retention. With several new features, D such as suggested readings and a “cheat sheet” at the end of each chapter, this third edition of S Ultimate Review for the Neurology Boards is essential reading for anyone taking the neurology boards ET T H I R D or MOC exam. DH ITIR THE REVISED THIRD EDITION FEATURES: IOND E D I T I O N • A completely revised and expanded practice test with all new questions MR OA • “NB” (nota bene) items, which highlight key points to remember for the exams RRE-G ER • A “Cheat Sheet” in each chapter, with quick pearls, mnemonics, and definitions NA ·N FT • Suggestions for further reading at the end of each chapter RCeacteogmomrye: nNdeeudr oSlohgeylving ERN · JO ALEX ANDER D. RAE- GRANT AH NN ISBN 978-1-62070-081-5 DE SEBY JOHN Z JOHN A . MORREN 11 W. 42nd Street New York, NY 10036 www.demosmedical.com 9 781620 700815 HUBERT H. FERNANDEZ Ultimate Review for the Neurology Boards Ultimate Review for the Neurology Boards Third Edition EDITORS Alexander D. Rae-Grant, MD Staff, Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Director, Center for Continuing Education Jane and Lee Seidman Chair for Advanced Neurological Education Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio Seby John, MD Cerebrovascular Center Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio John A. Morren, MD/MBBS(Hons) Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine (Neurology) Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University Staff, Neuromuscular Center Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio Hubert H. Fernandez, MD Professor of Medicine (Neurology) Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine James and Constance Brown Endowed Chair in Movement Disorders Center for Neurological Restoration Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio New York Visit our website at www.demosmedical.com ISBN: 9781620700815 e-book ISBN: 9781617052590 Acquisitions Editor: Beth Barry Compositor: S4Carlisle Copyright © 2017 Springer Publishing Company. Demos Medical Publishing is an imprint of Springer Publishing Company, LLC. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Medicine is an ever-changing science. Research and clinical experience are continually expanding our knowledge, in particular our understanding of proper treatment and drug therapy. The authors, editors, and publisher have made every effort to ensure that all information in this book is in accordance with the state of knowledge at the time of production of the book. Nevertheless, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the contents of the publication. Every reader should examine carefully the package inserts accompanying each drug and should carefully check whether the dosage schedules mentioned therein or the contraindications stated by the manufacturer differ from the statements made in this book. Such examination is particularly important with drugs that are either rarely used or have been newly released on the market. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Fernandez, Hubert H., author. | Rae-Grant, Alexander, author. | John,  Seby, author. | Morren, John Anthony, author. Title: Ultimate review for the neurology boards / Alexander D. Rae-Grant,  Seby John, John A. Morren, Hubert H. Fernandez. Description: Third edition. | New York : Springer Publishing Company, [2016]  | Hubert H. Fernandez’s name appears first in the previous edition. |  Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016003524| ISBN 9781620700815 | ISBN 9781617052590 (e-book) Subjects: | MESH: Nervous System Diseases | Neurology | Specialty Boards | Outlines Classification: LCC RC343.6 | NLM WL 18.2 | DDC 616.80076—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016003524 Special discounts on bulk quantities of Demos Medical Publishing books are available to corporations, professional associations, pharmaceutical companies, health care organizations, and other qualifying groups. For details, please contact: For details, please contact: Special Sales Department Demos Medical Publishing 11 West 42nd Street, 15th Floor, New York, NY 10036 Phone: 800-532-8663 or 212-683-0072; Fax: 212-941-7842 E-mail: [email protected] Printed in the United States of America by McNaughton & Gunn. 16 17 18 19 20 / 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Contributors vii Preface ix Acknowledgments xi Share Ultimate Review for the Neurology Boards, Third Edition INTRODUCTION: PREPARING FOR YOUR BOARDS  I. How to Use This Book xiii II. Preparing for Your Board Examination xiv BASIC NEUROSCIENCES 1. Neurochemistry/Pharmacology 1 2. Neurogenetics 23 3. Neurohistology, Embryology, and Developmental Disorders 51 4. Clinical Neuroanatomy 61 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 5. Stroke 115 6. Head Trauma 139 7. Neurocritical Care 147 8. Dementia 167 9. Headache Syndromes 179 10. Neuromuscular Disorders 185 11. Epilepsy and Related Disorders 249 12. Movement Disorders 301 13. Demyelinating Disorders 327 14. Infections of the Nervous System 337 15. Neurotoxicology and Nutritional Disorders 375 16. Sleep and Sleep Disorders 391 v vi CONTENTS NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 17. Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS) and Electromyography (EMG) 401 18. Electroencephalography (EEG) 415 19. Evoked Potentials 429 20. Sleep Neurology 449 PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY 21. Pediatric Neurology 461 SUBSPECIALTIES 22. Neurourology 493 23. Neuro-ophthalmology 499 24. Neuro-otology 525 25. Neurorehabilitation 531 26. Neuroendocrinology 535 27. Neuro-oncology and Transplant Neurology 541 28. Adult Psychiatry 561 29. Child Psychiatry 595 30. Neurobehavior and Neuropsychology 607 50 Practice Questions With Answers 621 Index 639 Contributors Russell Cerejo, MD Joao Gomes, MD Fellow, Cerebrovascular Fellow Attending, Vascular Neurology and Neurocritical Care Neurological Institute Summa Health Cleveland Clinic Akron, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 6: Head Trauma Chapter 5: Stroke Chapter 7: Neurocritical Care Marisa Clifton, MD Pravin George, DO Fellow, Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Fellow, Neurosciences Critical Care Unit Surgery Johns Hopkins University Glickman Urological Institute Baltimore, Maryland Cleveland Clinic Chapter 7: Neurocritical Care Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 22: Neurourology Gary Hsich, MD Center for Pediatric Neurology Mita Deoras, MD Department of Neurology Fellow, Sleep Disorders Center Neurological Institute Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 21: Pediatric Neurology Chapter 16: Sleep and Sleep Disorders Ahmed Itrat, MD Rachel Donaldson, DO Fellow, Cerebrovascular Center Fellow, Neuromuscular Center Neurological Institute Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 27: Neuro-oncology and Transplant Neurology Chapter 3: Neurohistology, Embryology, and Developmental Disorders M. Cecilia Lansang, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Richard Drake, PhD Director of Anatomy, Professor of Surgery Lerner College of Medicine Lerner College of Medicine Department of Endocrinology Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 4: Clinical Neuroanatomy Chapter 26: Neuroendocrinology Camilo Garcia, MD Lisa Lystad, MD Epilepsy Center Division of Neuro-ophthalmology Neurological Institute Cole Eye Institute Cleveland Clinic Florida Cleveland Clinic Weston, Florida Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 18: Electroencephalography (EEG) Chapter 23: Neuro-ophthalmology vii viii CONTRIBUTORS Jennifer M. McBride, PhD Gregory Pontone, MD Director of Histology, Associate Professor of Surgery Assistant Professor Lerner College of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Cleveland Clinic Sciences Cleveland, Ohio Johns Hopkins University School of Chapter 4: Clinical Neuroanatomy Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Jhanvi Menon, MD Chapter 28: Adult Psychiatry Fellow, Neuromuscular Center Chapter 29: Child Psychiatry Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Alexander D. Rae-Grant, MD Cleveland, Ohio Staff, Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Chapter 15: Neurotoxicology and Nutritional Director, Center for Continuing Education Disorders Jane and Lee Seidman Chair for Advanced Neurological Education Courtenay K. Moore, MD Cleveland Clinic Associate Professor of Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio Lerner College of Medicine Chapter 8: Dementia Fellowship Director, Female Pelvic Medicine and Chapter 11: Epilepsy and Related Disorders Reconstructive Surgery Chapter 13: Demyelinating Disorders Glickman Urological Institute Cleveland Clinic Ian Rossman, MD, PhD Cleveland, Ohio Fellow, Neuroimmunology; Pediatric Chapter 22: Neurourology Neurologist Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis; Center for John A. Morren, MD/MBBS(Hons) Pediatric Neuroscience Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine (Neurology) Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Cleveland Clinic Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio Staff, Neuromuscular Center Chapter 2: Neurogenetics Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Aasef Shaik, MD, PhD Cleveland, Ohio Fellow, Center for Neurological Restoration Chapter 17: Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS) and Neurological Institute Electromyography (EMG) Cleveland Clinic Chapter 19: Evoked Potentials Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 20: Sleep Neurology Chapter 1: Neurochemistry/Pharmacology Chapter 10: Neuromuscular Disorders Chapter 24: Neuro-otology Oluwadamilola (Lara) Ojo, MD Lakshmi Shankar, MD Fellow, Center for Neurological Restoration Fellow, Cerebrovascular Center Neurological Institute Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 12: Movement Disorders Chapter 14: Infections of the Nervous System Shnehal Patel, MD, MPH Fellow, Center for Neurological Restoration Qingshan Teng, MD, MS Neurological Institute Fellow, Neuromuscular Center Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland Clinic Chapter 25: Neurorehabilitation Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 30: Neurobehavior and Neuropsychology Chapter 9: Headache Syndromes Preface Ultimate Review for the Neurology Boards, Third Edition, continues the tradition of providing a brief but compre- hensive source for study or simply review. The authors and editors have tried hard to include the most up-to-date material while keeping the verbiage to a minimum. We have followed a point form outline style where possible, also including tables and lists where long paragraphs would be problematic. A brief Cheat Sheet at the end of most chapters provides a simple quick study section for key facts or potential “board question” information, often those tricky eponyms that we all learn and rapidly forget. We have included some suggested readings for those who want to dive deeper into a review, but have not exhaustively referenced the chapters for the sake of space and clarity. Finally, there are 50 all-new questions with answers and explanations at the end of the book for self-assessment. The editors hope this text will provide a useful tool to students of neurology at multiple levels, and will help in review for whatever neurological examination looms in the future for the reader. Alexander D. Rae-Grant Seby John John A. Morren Hubert H. Fernandez ix

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