Uenohadesina styx, a New Cave-dwelling Genus and Species of the Subfamily Omaliinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from South Korea

10 Pages·2000·12.1 MB·English

by  Smetana, A

E:1、,t,-a,「ok、・o,28(2):285-294,November15,2000
Uenohadeslnasty)c,aNewCave-dwellingGenusandSpeciesof
theSubfamilyOmaliinae(Coleoptera,Staphylinidae)
fromSouth Korea
AlesSMETANA
AgricultureandAgri-FoodCanada,ResearchBranch,
CentralExperimentalFarm,K.W.NeatbyBldg.,
Ottawa,OntarioKIAOC6,Canada
Abstract A new cave-dwellinggenusandspecies, Ueno/tadest'Iastyx, isde-
scribedandillustratedfromspecimenstakeninthreedi?erentcavesinSouthKorea.Im-
portantfeaturesofthenewtaxonarediscussedanditstaxonomicpositionandrelation-
shipswithinthetribeOmaliiniarebrieflydiscussed.
Introduction
Recently,aseriesofaconspicuousbeetle,takeninthreedifferentcavesinSouth
Koreaquitesometimeago,wasofferedtome forstudybymyesteemed frien Dr.
Shun-lobiUENo,Tokyo. Itwassuspectedthatthebeetlemaybelongtothesubfamily
OmaliinaeofStaphylinidae.Afterdissectionandcloserstudyofthespecimens,this
theorywasindeedconfirme despitetheentirely“non-staphylinid”appearanceofthe
beetle. Inaddition, it wasalsoestablishe notsurprisingly, that thisobviouslynew
specjescannotbeassociatedwithanyknowngenus.Consequently,itwasnecessaryto
establjshanewgenusforlt.Thisnewgenusisnowjoiningseveralothergeneraofthe
Omaliinae,withmemberswhosegeneralappearancedoesnotsuggestassociationwith
theStaphylinidae(e.g.,Brathinus).
Inthefollowing,thenewtaxonisdescribedandillustrate anditstaxonomicpo-
sjtjonandpossiblerelationshipswithinOmaliinaearebrieflydiscussed.
Uenohadesinagen nov.
(Figs.1-15)
Typespecies:Uenohadesinastyxspnov.
Gender: feminine.
Body formsmall; ingeneralwithvoluminous,markedlyconvex
Descrlptjon.
elytra,entirelycoveringabdomeninmostspecmi ens,andwithsmall,ante「Oi「lyna一「
rowed forebody;dorsalsurfacewithoutmicrosculpture,withscattered,hardlyvisible,
minutesetae.
286 AlesSMETANA
Head, fromanteriormarginofclypeustodorsally indistinctly delimitednuchal
constriction, about as longaswidthacross eyes, rather flat; with indefinite. small,
roundimpressionposteromediadofeacheye,andwithvariablypronounce ingeneral
moreor lesselongate, impressionsonposterior portionofdisc in frontofposterior
marginof hea diverginganteriad;ocelliabsentbutelongateimpressionseachwith
distinct, round pigmented spot. Episternal suture not apparent. Eyes very small,
slightlyconvex, temperaconsiderably longer thaneyesseen fromabove(ratio3.5),
eachwithminute, obtuse denticle in front ofnuchal constriction. Antenna filiform,
graduallythickenedanteria(i,aboutaslongascombinedlengthofheadandpronotum
(fromanteriormarginofclypeustoposteriormarginofpronotum);first fourbasalseg-
mentswithscatteredfinesetae, remainingsegmentswithadditionaldenseandshort
setae(Fig 6). Maxillawithrelatively robustandlongpalpus, firstsegmentminute,
segment2almostaslongastwo followingsegmentscombined,lastsegmentalmost
twiceaslongassegment3,moderatelyconicallynarrowedanteriad(Fig 3). Labium
short.widelyemarginate-bilobed,palpusthree-segmentedwithmiddlesegmentsmall,
narrowerandshorterthanstoutlastsegment(Fig 2).Mentumlarge, trapezoidal,with
bothanteriorandposteriormarginsfinelymargined;withnumerous,deepcoarsepunc_
tures.Submentumandgulasomewhatmorefinelyandsparselypunctatethanmentum,
gularsutures frommetatentoriaIpitsmarkedlyconvergent posteromediadanddisap-
pearinginmarkedlydevelopedbasal impression;postgenaewithdistinctstriaeradiat_
ing frombasalimpression(Fig 4).Pronotumatbaseslightlywiderthanlengthalong
midline(ratio120),considerablynarrowedanteria basalmarginthereforemarkedly
widerthananteriormargin(ratio1.88);discmoderatelytransverselyconvexinanterior
half,graduallyflattenedtowardposteriormargin,surfaceeven,smooth,withoutany
impressions; pronota1hypomeronconspicuously large, triangular.Prosternumquite
short,markedlytransversewithanteriormarginwidelyconcave;withminute,acutejn_
tercoxa1projectionatmiddleofposteriormargin(Fig 4).Mesosternumwithdjstjnc_
fivemicrosculpture(Fig 8),markedlymarginedanteriorly,marginalcarinaextended
posteriad as distinctivemedial keel,markedly elevated in posterior half and then
steeply failingtowardintercoxa1projection(lateralview,Fig 8);intercoxa1projection
withapexrelativelywide,angulatelyemarginate(Figs 8,9).Metasternumlarge,mod_
eratelycoarselyanddenselypunctate, puncturesbearing short, palesetae; anterjor
metasterna1 projection short and wide, broadly rounded and margined anterjorly,
widely separating middle coxae (Fig 9); posterior intercoxa1projection mjnute,
minutelynotched;metasternumwithseriesofsmallpitsparallel tomargjnofhjnd
coxa,leavingglabrousstripaswideaslengthofonesetaalongmargin;distalpartof
hindcoxawithposterolateralportionmarkedlyextendedandflattenedbeforeartjcula_
tionwithtrochanter (Fig 5).Legslongandslender,withverylongtibiae; ail tibjae
withoutspinesatlateralmargin,withdistinctapicalctenidium(Fig 7). All tarsj wjth
fivesegments,empodiumofailtarsibearingtwomoderatelylongempodia1setae;last
Segmentofall tarsi very long aboutaslongasthreeprecedingsegmentscombjned
Scutellumminute,triangular、glabrous.Elytraelongate-ovalinshape;withoutapparent
NewCave-dwellingOma1linefromSouthKorea 287
Fig. l. Uenohadeslnastyxgenetspnov:habitus(maleparatype)
striae,exceptsuturalstriavaguelyindicatedonposteriorhalf;eachelytronfinely,mod-
eratelysparselypunctate,puncturesslightlyunequal insize,coarserpuncturesvaguely
subseriatelyarrangedonmiddleportionofelytron.Eachelytronwithcomplete, fine
epipleura1carina,epipleuronwideanteriorlybutmarkedly,graduallynarrowedposte-
riad,moderatelycoarselyanddenselypunctate.Abdomenwithsternite3(firstvisible)
withminute,shortkeel inmiddleofbasalmargin;sternite8withroundedprojection
inmiddleofbasalmargin,associatedwithreservoirofadefensivegland(Fig. 12);ab-
21・IS 、l.lSS、I.llI、、、、
FI9S. 2 7. - ()1/(1(/ -11(1. :、gen.ctsp no、:2.Iabia1lla11lus;3.maxillarypa111us: .undersideof、head
、'.hindCoxaandtr)chanter:6.firsts1s.antennalso_mcnts:7.apex01、hin(」tibia、、-11hapjcaIcl-jdjum
No、vCave-d、、・oilingOmaliincfromSouthKorea 289
Figs. 8-11. Ue11o1/adesi,Iasty_、1gen.ctsrlnov:8,mcsosternalkeel,obliquelateralview,9,mcsosterna1
keelandanteriorprojectionofmetasternum;10、ventralendof、abdomenwithexposedfemalegenital
segmentwithgonocoxites,11.brickwall-likcpatternontheabdominalintersegmentalmembrane
domina1intersegmental membranes wide, covered by characteristically developed,
coarsebrickwa11-1ikesculpture(Figs. l0,11).
Malegenitalsegmentofcharacteristicomaliinetype.Aedoeagus(Figs.13,14)of
usua1omaliinetype, restingwithinabdomeninreposeonitsside; basal bulbussmall;
parameresmarkedlydeve1ope large,contiguousmediobasa11y.
Femalegenital segment with first gonocoxites not fused; second gonocoxites
markedlyelongateeachwithminutestylus(Fig.15).
290 AlesSMETANA
Discussion. Uenohadesinamaybeeasilyrecognizedbytheconspicuoushabitus
ofitssolemember,thatseeminglydoesnotsuggestanyassociationwiththeStaphyli-
nidae(Fig.1).Nevertheless,severalcharactersofUenohadesinaundoubtedlylinkitto
thesubfamily OmaliinaeofStaphylinidae. 1) Thepresenceof the anteromedian
processonabdominalsternite8whichisassociatedwiththereservoirofadefensive
gland2)Thepresenceofapairofpigmentedspotsonthevertexofhea locatedinan
areawheretypicallyapairofocellioccursinalmostallmembersofOmaliinae.There
islittledoubtthatthesepigmentedspotsareremnantsoftheocellithatweresecondar-
ily lost 3)Thepresenceofthemarkedlydeveloped,brickwa11-1ikepatternontheab-
dominalintersegmentalmembranes(seeHAMMOND,1971,65;SMETANA,1985,475).
Ontheotherhand, it isatpresentverydifficulttoassessthephylogeneticrelation-
shipsofUenohadeslnawithinthesubfamilyOmaIiinae,mainlybecauseoftheunsatis-
factorysubdivisionofthissubfamily.ThecharactersofUenohadesina(mainlymouth-
parts)seemtojustifyitsassignmenttothetribeAnthophagini,whichunfortunately is
still apoorly defined, artificial assemblageofheterogeneous genera (seeSMETANA,
1985,475).WithinAnthophagini,Uenohadesinaseemstoshowpossiblerelationship
withthegeneraTrigonode'rutsLECoNTE,1863andTanyrhinus MANNERHEIM, 1852
basedongeneralappearance,withtheelytraalmost,orentirely,coveringtheabdomen,
as well as on theshapeof thepronotum. It wouldbeunderstandable that Ueno-
hadesina,duetoitscryptic lifeincaves, lost the frontalextensionofthehea most
conspicuously displayed in Tanyrhinus, thepronounced sculpture of thehead and
pronotum,aswellasthestriationoftheelytra(however,vestigesofelytra1striaemay
beactuallypresent insomespecimens,seetheCommentsbelow,underU.styx),and
underwentconsiderablereductionof theeyes. 0ntheother han thismay justbea
matterofconvergence.Atanyrate,UenohadesinadiffersfromTrigonodemus,inaddi-
tion to thecharactersmentionedabove,by themarkedly reduced,shortprosternum
with minute intercoxa1projection (in Trigonodemus, the intercoxa1projection is
markedly deve1ope acutelyelongateandreachingalmostmiddleof frontcoxa),by
theconspicuouslydevelope completemedial longitudinalcarinaofthemesosternum
(in Ti1'gonode'ruts, themesosternumbears at most aminute, inconspicuous, linear
ridgeposteriorly),andbythewide,broadlyroundedanterior intercoxalprojection,
widelyseparatingthemiddlecoxae(inTrigonodennls,theanteriorintercoxa1projec_
tionisnarrow,narrowlyseparatingthemiddlecoxae).
Etymology. Patronymic;thisgenuswasnamedinhonourofDr.Shun-IchjUENo
(NationalScienceMuseum,Tokyo),therenownedJapanesecoleopteristandspeleolo_
gist,andoneofthediscoverersofthisnewgenus.Thenameisacombinationofthe
familynameUENo,theGreekword Aδl -o'u, o,andtheending-jna. Thesecond
portionof thenameisacknowledgingtheoccurrenceofthisgenusincaves. Hades
was, inGreekmythology, theabodeof thedead,conceivedusuallyasadark and
91oOmyrealm.At itsentrancewasthethree-headedwatchdogCerberus;beyondwas
the 「Iver S .x (seebelow), acrosswhichChat-on, thedark ferryman, conducted the
soulsofthosewhohadbeenburiedwithduerites. Intransferredmeaningthewordis
NewCave-dwellingOmaliinefromSouthKorea 291
used for infernal,lowerworld.
Uenohadesinas x sp nov.
(Figs.1-15)
Description. Entirelytestaceorufousto rufobrunneous;mouthparts paletesta-
ceous;antennaetestaceous,graduallybecomingpaletestaceoustowardapex; legstes-
taceorufouswithslightlypaler tarsi. Headonposterior halfwithmoderatelycoarse
andsparsepunctationbecomingsomewhatcoarseranddensermediobasadofelongate
impressionsin frontofposteriormarginofheadand, tothecontrary,graduallyfiner
andsparser towardclypeus,clypeusalonganteriormarginwithoutpunctures;clypeus
Fjgs 12_15 Ue,1o/1tlc/es1・,It,s.ly_、-gen.ctsp nov:12,malestcrnitc8;13,aedoea9us,ventral view;14,
apjca1portjonofaedoeagus,includinginternalsac;15,femalesecond9onOCOXite・
292 AlesSMETANA
withscatterecLrudimentarymicroscopicalstriaeondiscandwithevenfiner,obliquely
directedmicroscopicstriaeatlateralmargins.Antennawithfirst twosegmentsabout
equally,moderatelylong,firstsegmentslightlymorerobustthansegment2,segment3
elongate,longerthansegment2(ratio1.17),segments4-6longerthanwide,gradually
becomingshorterandwider,segments7-10aboutaslongaswide,graduallybecom-
ingwider,segments9and10appearingslightlywider insomespecimens, lastseg-
ment about as longastwopreceding segments combined. Pronotumquite finely,
sparsely punctate; with twolarger punctures in frontofmiddleportionofposterior
pronota1 margin. Elytra eachmarkedly transversely convex, entirely covering ab-
domen,orexposingit fromeighthsegment.Apparentlyapterous(elytrawerenoten-
tirelyremovedfromanyoftheavailablespecimens).
Male. Sternite8asinFig.12,apicalmarginvaguely,broadlyemarginateapi-
cally.Aedoeagus(Figs. 13,14) ingeneralnarrowandelongatewithsmallbasalbul-
bus,medianlobenarrowandquiteelongate,almostparallel-side withnarrowlyarcu-
ateapex.Parameresmarkedlydeve1ope(1,largeandelongate,withwidebasalportion,
graduallynarrowed tosubacuteapex,vaguelyexceedingapexofmedian lobe; each
withoutsensorypegsetae,withthreeminutesetaeonmedioapica1portion;internalsac
withelongatemedialstructure,composedoffine,seta-likeelements.
Female. Sternite8withapicalmarginslightlyextendedmedioapica11y; tergite
8subtruncateapically.
Length2.7-2.9mm.
Type material. Holotype (male) and allotype (female): SOUTH KOREA:
“Yong'yeon-gu1Cavenr.HwangJi,Changseong-eub,Kangweon-do,S.KOREA”/“8_
IV-1966Leg.S.Ueno&F.Nagao”. IntheNationalScienceMuseum(NaturalHis_
tory),Tokyo,Japan.
Paratypes:SOUTHKOREA:samedataasholotype,2 , l9, in theNatjona1
ScienceMuseum(Natu「al History),Tokyo(1(;), and in theSMETANAco11ectjon,
Ottawa,Canada;samedataasholotype,but“6-IV-1966Leg.S.Ueno”,1 , jn the
NationalScienceMuseum(NaturalHistory), Tokyo;“Hwanseon-gu1Cave,Daej_rj,
Dogye-eub,Samcheog,Kangweon-do,S.KOREA”/“14-I-1966Leg.J.Namkung”,
1 ,Samedatabut“15-I-1966”,1 bothintheNationalScienceMuseum(Natural
,
History), Tokyo; “Kosi-gu1 Cave, Jiron-ri, Hadong-myeon, Kangweon_do, s
KOREA”/“13-IV-1966Leg.S.Ueno”,1 intheNationalScienceMuseum(Natural
History),Tokyo.
Gee9raphica1distributio1;. Uenohadesinastyxhassofarbeenknownfromthree
limestoneCavesinthevicinitiesofMt.Taebaek-sanatthenortheasternpartofsouth
KO「ea. They belongtodrainagesofthreedifferent rivers;Yong'yeon_gut cave, the
typelocality, liesatthesourceoftheNaktong-gangRiverwhjchemptjesjnto the
KO「eaSt「alts;Hwanseon-gu1Cave,about 14kmdistant to thenorth_northeast from
Yon9'yeOn-9u1Cave,belongstotheOship-cheondrainageemptyingjntotheJapan
Sea;andKOSi-9u1Cave,about37kmdistanttothewest-southwest fromYong'yeon_
9ulCave, liesontherightbankoftheHan-gangRiverwhichemptiesjntotheEast
NewCave-dwellingOmaliinefromSouthKorea 293
ChinaSea.
Bionomics. At thetypelocality, Yong'yeon-gu1,whichisalargetwo-storeyed
cavelyingnear thetopofaridgeabout980mabovesea-level(cf.UENoetal.,1966,
473-475,fig2),Uenohadesinastyxoccursinthelargeroomontheupperlevel,where
noothercavebeetleswerefoundthoughphreaticcrustaceanswereabundantinsmall
drippools.Theretheomaliinebeetlewasfoundleisurelycrawlingaboutonthemuddy
flooramongboulders.Thoughtwospeciesofcavetrechines(aKu1・asawat1-echusanda
Gulaphaenops)occurinthesamecave,theyarerestrictedtodampplacesatthedeeper
partsandnevercoexistwithUenohadeslna.
InHwanseon-gu1Cave,whichisthebestknowncommercializedcaveinSouth
KoreaandisprotectedasanaturalmonumentoftheKoreanGovernment,apairofthe
specimensof Uenohadeslnawassaidtohavebeentaken, incoexistencewith Ku1・a-
sawatrechuslatior, in thenorthernbranchwhichishumidandrichinorganicmatters.
Unfortunately, foreignscientistswerenotpermitted tomake faunal investigationof
thiscave,andnothingisknownaboutthepresentsituationofthehabitatsofcavebee-
tles.Thethirdlocality,Kosi-gu1Cave,isalonglimestonecavebutispoorinthefauna,
probablyduetounfavourableenvironmental condition.Asingleknownspecimenof
Uenohadesinawasfoundcrawlingonthemuddyfloor inashortpassageleadingoff
fromthelargeentranceroom(cf.UENoeta1., l966,482-483).
Comments. Thespecimensofthethreedifferentcavepopulationsareessentially
identical,except forafewminutedetailsthatareconsideredtobewithinintraspecific
variability.Thereareslightdifferencesintheproportionsoftheantennalsegments;the
twoimpressionsonthediscofheadarevariablypronounced;thesubseriatelyarranged
coarserpuncturesonmedialportionofeachelytrontendtoappearinvague,linearim-
pressions in some specimens, and the average size of the two specimens from
Hwanseon-gu1Caveseemstobelarger.Allthreepopulationsareconsideredtobelong
toonespecies, incontrasttothefactthattwoofthecavesharbordifferentspeciesof
blindtrechinebeetles:Yong'yeon-gu1Cave:GulaphaenopsleptodiroldesUENo,1987,
andanewKulasawatrechus;Hwanseon-gu1Cave: Kula'sawatrechus latiorUENo et
NAMKUNG, 1968. However, theseblind trechine beetles were found, unlike Ueno-
adesfnas x,usuallyindeeper,environmentallymorestablesectionsofthecaves.
Etymology. Thespecificepithetisthename∑1u?,∑n)rye, T1,thenameofthe
mythologicalriver(seeabove),inapposition.
Acknowledgments
lthankDr shun_IchjUENo forallowingmetostudythespecimensofthisquite
jnterestingstaphylinid,andforprovidingmi portantgeographicalandbOinOmCia1de-
tajls.IalsothankDr.D.E.BRIGHTandMr.A.DAVIES,whoCommentedontheo「i9inal
draftofthemanuscript.Mr.DAVIESalsoprovidedtheSEMphotOmiC「o9「aPhS,andM「・
GosATocarefullyfinishedthelinedrawings.Thanksarealsoextendedtothea「tiStM「・
ItsuroKAwAsHIMA,Tokyo,whoprovidedthehabitusdrawin9ofUenOhadeSinaS X・
294 AlesSMETANA
要 約
A.SMETANA:韓国産ヨツメハネカクシ亜科の洞窟性の新属新種Uenohadesl11as、t,x. - 韓国
北東部の石灰洞3力所から, ヨツメハネカクシ亜科の洞窟性の新属新種を記載し, Ueno/,adesina
st、、1,SMETANAという新名を与えた. この新種は, ハバビロヨツメハネカクシ族に含まれるもの
と考えられるが,族内の分類が不十分な現時点では,真の類縁関係が明らかでない. 地下生活に
いちじるしく適応した結果, 形態的に大きい変化を起こしている可能性が高いが, 外形的に似
てぃる既知の属とは, 複良llの退化や, おもに腹面の特異な形状によって明らかに区別できる.
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