Ubuntu Unleashed 2010 Edition PDF
Preview Ubuntu Unleashed 2010 Edition
ptg www.it-ebooks.info Andrew Hudson Paul Hudson Matthew Helmke Ryan Troy ptg Ubuntu U N L E A S H E D 2010 Edition Covering 9.10 and 10.4 800 East 96th Street,Indianapolis,Indiana 46240 USA www.it-ebooks.info Ubuntu Unleashed 2010 Edition: Acquisitions Editor Covering 9.10 and 10.4 Debra Williams Copyright © 2010 by Sams Publishing Cauley All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced,stored in a retrieval Development Editor system,or transmitted by any means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording, or otherwise,without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is Michael Thurston assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every Managing Editor precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book,the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for Patrick Kanouse damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. Project Editor ISBN-13: 978-0-67233-109-1 Jennifer Gallant ISBN-10: 0-67233-109-8 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data is on file. Copy Editor Printed in the United States of America Paula Lowell First Printing January 2010 Indexer Trademarks Tim Wright All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Sams Publishing cannot attest to the accuracy of Proofreader this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the Leslie Joseph validity of any trademark or service mark. Warning and Disclaimer Technical Editor Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possi- Dallas Releford ble,but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information provided is on an “as is” Publishing basis. The authors and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information Coordinator contained in this book or from the use of the CD or programs accompanying it. Kim Boedigheimer Bulk Sales ptg Multimedia Developer Sams Publishing offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for Dan Scherf bulk purchases or special sales. For more information,please contact: U.S. Corporate and Government Sales Cover and Interior 1-800-382-3419 Designer [email protected] Gary Adair For sales outside of the U.S.,please contact: Composition International Sales [email protected] Mark Shirar www.it-ebooks.info Contents at a Glance Introduction 1 Part I Installation and Configuration 1 Installing Ubuntu..........................................................................................11 2 Post-Installation Configuration....................................................................25 3 Working with Gnome...................................................................................51 4 Command Line Quickstart...........................................................................79 Part II Desktop Ubuntu 5 On the Internet...........................................................................................113 6 Productivity Applications...........................................................................133 7 Multimedia Applications............................................................................153 8 Printing with Ubuntu.................................................................................185 9 Games..........................................................................................................197 ptg Part III System Administration 10 Managing Users...........................................................................................209 11 Automating Tasks........................................................................................233 12 System-Monitoring Tools............................................................................289 13 Backing Up..................................................................................................301 14 Networking..................................................................................................325 15 Remote Access with SSH and Telnet...........................................................371 Part IV Ubuntu as a Server 16 File and Print...............................................................................................381 17 Apache Web Server Management...............................................................407 18 Remote File Serving with FTP.....................................................................439 19 Handling Electronic Mail............................................................................471 20 Proxying and Reverse Proxying..................................................................489 21 Administering Database Services................................................................499 22 LDAP............................................................................................................525 www.it-ebooks.info Part V Programming Linux 23 Using Perl....................................................................................................537 24 Working with Python.................................................................................561 25 Writing PHP Scripts.....................................................................................579 26 C/C++ Programming Tools for Ubuntu......................................................613 27 Mono...........................................................................................................625 Part VI Ubuntu Housekeeping 28 Securing Your Machines.............................................................................639 29 Performance Tuning....................................................................................651 30 Command Line Masterclass........................................................................663 31 Managing Software.....................................................................................689 32 Kernel and Module Management...............................................................701 Part VII Appendixes A Ubuntu Under the Hood............................................................................727 B Installation Resources.................................................................................737 ptg C Ubuntu and Linux Internet Resources.......................................................759 Index...........................................................................................................769 www.it-ebooks.info Table of Contents Introduction 1 Part I Installation and Configuration 1 Installing Ubuntu 11 Before You Begin the Installation.................................................................11 Researching Your Hardware Specifications.........................................12 Installation Options.............................................................................12 Planning Partition Strategies...............................................................12 The Boot Loader..................................................................................13 Installing from CD or DVD.................................................................13 Step-by-Step Installation...............................................................................13 Starting the Install...............................................................................14 First Update..........................................................................................20 Wubi—The Easy Installer for Windows..............................................22 Shutting Down....................................................................................24 ptg Reference.......................................................................................................24 2 Post-Installation Configuration 25 Troubleshooting Post-Installation Configuration Problems........................26 The sudo command......................................................................................27 First Update...................................................................................................28 Configuring Software Repositories...............................................................30 Installing Graphics Drivers...........................................................................33 Changing Ubuntu’s Look and Feel...............................................................34 Changing the Desktop Background....................................................34 Changing Colors..................................................................................35 Modifying System Fonts......................................................................36 Changing How Menus Look...............................................................36 Visual Effects........................................................................................37 Preferred Behaviors.......................................................................................37 Preferred Applications.........................................................................37 Removable Drives and Media..............................................................39 Input Devices................................................................................................39 Keyboard Shortcuts..............................................................................40 Keyboard Layout..................................................................................40 Mouse...................................................................................................41 Detecting and Configuring a Modem..........................................................42 Configuring a Serial-Port Modem.......................................................42 Configuring WinModems for Laptops................................................42 www.it-ebooks.info vi Ubuntu Unleashed 2008 Edition Configuring Power Management in Ubuntu...............................................43 Setting the Date and Time............................................................................44 Using the date Command...................................................................45 Using the hwclock Command............................................................45 Changing the Time and Date..............................................................46 Configuring and Using CD, DVD, and CD-RW Drives................................46 Checking Drive Assignment................................................................47 Configuring Wireless Networks....................................................................48 Reference.......................................................................................................49 3 Working with Gnome 51 The Gnome Desktop Environment..............................................................52 Gnome: The GNU Network Object Model Environment...................52 Eye Candy for the Masses.............................................................................54 Basic X Concepts...........................................................................................55 Using X..........................................................................................................56 Elements of the xorg.conf File............................................................57 Configuring X......................................................................................62 Starting X......................................................................................................64 ptg Using a Display Manager.....................................................................65 Changing Window Managers..............................................................73 KDE—The Other Environment.....................................................................77 XFce...............................................................................................................78 Reference.......................................................................................................78 4 Command Line Quickstart 79 What Is the Command Line?.......................................................................79 Navigating Through the File System...................................................83 Managing Files with the Shell.............................................................85 Working with Compressed Files..........................................................86 Use Essential Commands from the /bin and /sbin Directories..........87 Use and Edit Files in the /etc Directory..............................................87 Protect the Contents of User Directories—/home..............................87 Use the Contents of the /proc Directory to Interact with the Kernel..................................................................................87 Work with Shared Data in the /usr Directory.....................................89 Temporary File Storage in the /tmp Directory....................................89 Access Variable Data Files in the /var Directory.................................89 Logging In to and Working with Linux.......................................................90 Text-based Console Login....................................................................90 Logging Out.........................................................................................90 www.it-ebooks.info Contents vii Logging In and Out from a Remote Computer..................................91 Using Environment Variables..............................................................92 Using the Text Editors..................................................................................95 Working with vi...................................................................................96 Working with emacs............................................................................97 Working with Permissions............................................................................99 Assigning Permissions.......................................................................100 Directory Permissions........................................................................101 Understanding Set User ID and Set Group ID Permissions..............103 Working as Root..........................................................................................104 Creating Users....................................................................................105 Deleting Users....................................................................................106 Shutting Down the System...............................................................106 Rebooting the System........................................................................107 Reading Documentation.............................................................................108 Using Man Pages................................................................................108 Reference.....................................................................................................110 Part II Desktop Ubuntu ptg 5 On the Internet 113 Getting Started with Firefox.......................................................................114 Choosing an Email Client..........................................................................115 Evolution...........................................................................................116 Mozilla Thunderbird..........................................................................118 KMail..................................................................................................120 Other Mail Clients.............................................................................120 RSS Readers..................................................................................................120 Firefox................................................................................................122 Liferea.................................................................................................122 Instant Messaging with Pidgin...................................................................123 Internet Relay Chat.....................................................................................124 Usenet Network Newsgroups......................................................................127 The Pan News Client Newsreader...............................................................128 Videoconferencing with Ekiga....................................................................130 Reference.....................................................................................................132 6 Productivity Applications 133 Introducing OpenOffice.org.......................................................................134 Configuring OpenOffice.org.............................................................136 Working with OpenOffice.org Writer...............................................137 Working with OpenOffice.org Calc...................................................140 www.it-ebooks.info viii Ubuntu Unleashed 2008 Edition Office Suites for Ubuntu.............................................................................144 Working with Gnome Office.............................................................146 Working with KOffice........................................................................149 Productivity Applications Written for Microsoft Windows.......................150 Reference.....................................................................................................152 7 Multimedia Applications 153 Sound and Music........................................................................................153 Sound Cards.......................................................................................154 Adjusting Volume..............................................................................155 Sound Formats...................................................................................156 Listening to Music.............................................................................157 Graphics Manipulation...............................................................................163 The GNU Image Manipulation Program...........................................163 Using Scanners in Ubuntu................................................................164 Working with Graphics Formats.......................................................166 Capturing Screen Images...................................................................168 Using Digital Cameras with Ubuntu..........................................................168 Handheld Digital Cameras................................................................168 ptg Using F-Spot.......................................................................................169 Burning CDs and DVDs in Ubuntu............................................................170 Creating CDs and DVDs with Ubuntu’s Graphical Clients..............172 Creating CDs from the Command Line...........................................174 Creating DVDs from the Command Line.........................................176 Viewing Video.............................................................................................178 TV and Video Hardware....................................................................178 Video Formats....................................................................................180 Viewing Video in Linux.....................................................................181 Personal Video Recorders..................................................................181 DVD and Video Players.....................................................................182 Reference.....................................................................................................182 8 Printing with Ubuntu 185 Overview of Ubuntu Printing.....................................................................185 Configuring and Managing Print Services.................................................187 GUI-Based Printer Configuration Quickstart....................................187 Managing Printing Services...............................................................188 Creating and Configuring Local Printers...................................................189 Creating the Print Queue..................................................................190 Editing Printer Settings......................................................................192 Reference.....................................................................................................195 www.it-ebooks.info Contents ix 9 Games 197 Linux Gaming.............................................................................................197 Installing Proprietary Video Drivers..................................................198 Installing Games in Ubuntu.......................................................................199 DOOM 3............................................................................................200 Unreal Tournament 2004..................................................................201 Quake 4..............................................................................................202 Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory...........................................................203 Battle for Wesnoth.............................................................................204 Playing Windows Games with Cedega.......................................................204 Reference.....................................................................................................205 Part III System Administration 10 Managing Users 209 User Accounts.............................................................................................209 The Super User/Root User.................................................................210 User IDs and Group IDs....................................................................212 ptg File Permissions.................................................................................212 Managing Groups.......................................................................................213 Group Management Tools.................................................................214 Managing Users...........................................................................................216 User Management Tools....................................................................216 Adding New Users.............................................................................218 Monitoring User Activity on the System..........................................219 Managing Passwords...................................................................................220 System Password Policy.....................................................................220 The Password File..............................................................................220 Shadow Passwords.............................................................................221 Managing Password Security for Users..............................................223 Changing Passwords in a Batch........................................................224 Granting System Administrator Privileges to Regular Users......................224 Temporarily Changing User Identity with the su Command..........225 Granting Root Privileges on Occasion—The sudo Command.........227 Disk Quotas.................................................................................................229 Implementing Quotas.......................................................................230 Manually Configuring Quotas..........................................................230 Reference.....................................................................................................232 www.it-ebooks.info
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