Tyrannosaurus rex. The Tyrant King

569 Pages·2008·54.586 MB·English

by  Larson P., Carpenter K.

TYRANIVOSAURUS REX, THE TYRANT KING
Life of the Past
James O. Farlow editor
TYRANNOSAURUS REX, THE TYRANT KING
Edited by Peter Larson and Kenneth Carpenter
Indiana Unit ersity Press
B I o omin gton 6 lndi an ap oli s
This book is a publication of
lndiana University Press
601 North Morton Streel
Bloomington, lN 47404-3797 USA
http: / / i u press. i nd ia n a.ed u
Telep h o n e orders : 800 - 842- 679 6
Fax orders: 81 2-855-793 1
Orders by e-mail: [email protected]
@ 2008 by lndiana University Press
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording,
or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publisher. The Association of American tJniversity Presses'
Resolution on Permissions constitutes the only exception to this prohibition
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements
of American National Standard for lnformation Sciences-Perma-
nence of Paper for Printed Library Mateild1 ANSI 239.48-1984.
Manufactured in the United States of Ameilca
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Tyrannosaurus rex, the tyrant king / edited by
Peter Larson and Kenneth Carpenter.
p cm. - (Life of the past)
lncludes index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-253-35087-9 (cloth: alk. pape) 1. Tyrannosau-
rus rex-Research. L Larson, Peter L. Il. Carpenter, Kenneth, date
QE862.S3T977 2008
567.912'9-dc22
2007045376
12345131211100908
CO NTE NTS
ix
SUPPLEMENTAL CD-ROM CONTENTS
xi
CONTRIBUTORS
xiii
PREFAC E
xv
INSTITUTIONAL ABBREVIATIONS
'f
On" Hundred Years of Tyrannosaurus rex:The Skeletons
1
NEAI L. LARSON
A Wyoming's Dynamosaurus imperiosus and Other Early
Z Discoveries of Tyrannosaurus rex in the Rocky Mountain West
57 BRENT H. BREITHAUPT, ELIZABETH H, SOUTHWELL, AND NEFFRA A. IVATTHEWS
How Old ls T. rex? Challenges with the Dating
of Terrestrial Strata Deposited during the
3 Maastrichtian Stage of the Cretaceous Period
63
KIRK JOHNSON
Preliminary Account of the Tyrannosaurid Pete
+A
from the Lance Formation of Wyoming
67
KRAIG DERSTLER AND JOHN M. IVYERS
r- Taphonomy of the Tyrannosaurus rex Peck's Rex
) from the Hell Creek Formation of Montana
75
KRAIG DERSTLER AND JOHN N/. N/YERS
Taphonomy and Environment of Deposition of a Juvenile
Tvrannosaurid Skeleton from the Hell Creek Formation
OlF (Latest Maastrichtian) of Southeastern Montana
33 '.1 a-ai- D IENDERSON AND WlLLlAl\4 H. HARRlSON
1
/ One Pretty AmazingT. rex
93 fvlARY NIGBY SCHWEITZER, JENNIFER L, WITTMEYER, AND JOHN R. HORNER
6 Variation and Sexual Dimorphism in Tyrannosaurus rex
103
PETER LARSON
Why Tyrannosaurus rex Had Puny Arms:An
_ Integral Morphodynamic Solution to a Simple
A
Y Puzzle in Theropod Paleobiology
131 MARTIN LOCKLEY, REIJI KUKIHARA, AND LAURA MITCHELL
10 Looking Again at the Forelimb of Tyrannosaurus rex
167 CHRISTINE LIPKIN AND KENNETH CARPENTER
4.1
| | Rex, Sit: Digital Modeling of Tyrannosaurus rexat Rest
193 KENT A. STEVENS, PETER LARSON, ERIC D. WILL5, AND ART ANDERSON
.l 't
I Z il rex Speed Trap
205
PHILLIP L. MANNING
5
| Atlas of the Skull Bones of Tvrannosaurus rex
233
PETER LARSON
ltA
l+
Palatal Kinesis of Tvrannosaurus rex
245
HANS C, E, LARSSON
.lr
I ) Reconstruction of the Jaw Musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex
255
RALPH E, I\4OLNAR
vi
Contents
lO
Vestigialism in a Dinosaur
283
WILLIAM L, ABLER
Tyrannosaurid Pathologies as Clues to Nature
4a
I
I and Nurture in the Cretaceous
287
BRUCE IV, ROTHSCHILD AND RALPH E. MOLNAR
The Extreme Lifestyles and Habits of the Gigantic
Tyrannosaurid Superpredators of the Late
18
Cretaceous of North America and Asia
307
GREGORY S. PAUL
_ An Analysis of Predator-Prey Behavior in a Head-to-Head
19
Encountlr between Tyrannosaurus rex and Triceratops
355
JOHN HAPP
_ A Critical Reappraisal of the Obligate Scavenging Hypothesis
20 for Tyrannosaurus rex and other Tyrant Dinosaurs
371
THOIMAS R, HOLTZ JR.
14
Z I
Tyrannosaurus rex: A Century of Celebrity
399
DONALD F. GLUT
429
IN DEX
vii
Contents
CONTRIBUTORS
William L. Abler, 1200 Warren Creek Rd., Arcata, CA 95521, USA.
Art Anderson, Virtual Surfaces lnc., 832 E Rand
Rd., Suite 16, Mt. Prospect, lL 60056, USA.
Brent H. Breithaupt, Geological Museum, University
of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
Kenneth Carpenter, Department of Earth Sciencet Denver Museum
of Nature and Science, 2001 Colorado Blvd., Denver, CO 80206, USA.
Kraig Derstler, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences,
University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
Donald F. Glut,2805 N Keystone St., Burbank, CA 91504-1604, USA
lohn Happ, 3889 Chestnut Hill Rd., Harpers Ferry, WV 25425, USA.
William H. Harrison, Department of Geology and Environmental
Geosciencet Northern lllinois University, Dekalb, lL 60115, USA
Michael D. Henderson, Burpee Museum of Natural
History, 737 N Main St., Rockford, lL 61103, USA.
Thomas R. Holtz Jr., Department of Geology, university
of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
John R. Horner, Museum of the Rockies, Montana
State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
Kirk lohnson, Denver Museum of Nature and Science,
2001 Colorado Blvd., Denver, CO 80206, USA.
Reiji Kukihara, Dinosaur Tracks Museum, University of Colorado
at Denver, P.O. Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217, USA.
Neal L. Larson, Black Hills lnstitute of Geological Research
lnc., P.O. Box 643, Hill City, SD 57745, USA.
Peter Larson, Black Hills lnstitute of Geological Research
lnc., P.O. Box 643, Hill City, SD 57745, USA.
Hans C. E. Larsson, Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859
Sherbrooke St. W, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6, Canada.
Christine Lipkin, University of Chicago, Chicago, lL 60637, USA.
Martin Lockley, Dinosaur Tracks Museum, Univertty of Colorado
at Denver, P.O. Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217, USA