TYPES AND BIOLOGICAL NOTES OF THE EASTERN NORTH AMERICAN SAWFLIES OF PONTANIA COSTA AND PHYLLOCOLPA BENSON (HYMENOPTERA : TENTHREDINIDAE) DESCRIBED BY MARLATT, DYAR, AND ROHWER

13 Pages·1999·5.8 MB·

by  A G Zinovjev

PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
101(2), 1999, pp. 359-371
TYPES AND BIOLOGICAL NOTES OF THE EASTERN NORTH AMERICAN
SAWFLIES OF PONTANIA COSTA AND PHYLLOCOLPA BENSON
(HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE) DESCRIBED BY
MARLATT, DYAR, AND ROHWER
Alexey G. Zinovjev and David R. Smith
(AGZ) Zoological Institute, Russian Academy ofSciences, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
(e-mail: [email protected]); (DRS) Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSI, Agricultural
Research Service, U.S. Department ofAgriculture, 7c National Museum ofNatural History,
MRC-168, Washington, DC 20560-0168, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected])
—
Abstract. The taxonomic placement of 18 sawfly species assigned to Pontania and
Phyllocolpa or described under Pontania from eastern North America by Marlatt, Dyar,
and Rohwer are discussed. The authorship of Pteromis carpini, Pontania consors, and P.
borealis attributed to Marlatt is changed to Dyar. The following eight species from eastern
North America belong to Pontania (Eupontania): P. (E.) s-desmodioides (Walsh) (= Pon-
tania borealis Dyar 1898, n. syn.); P- (E.) s-pisum (Walsh); P. (E.) s-pomum (Walsh);
P.(E.) gracilis Marlatt; P. (E.) rugidosa Marlatt; P. (E.) petiolaridis Rohwer; P. (E.)
consors Dyar; and P. (E.) lucidae Rohwer. Three species are included in the leaf-rolling
crassispina group of the subgenus Pontania: P. (P.) pumila Rohwer; P. (P.) populi Mar-
latt; and P. (P.) terminalis Marlatt. Five species are included in the genus Phyllocolpa:
P. nigrita (Marlatt); P. pectoralis (Marlatt); P. robiista (Marlatt); P. leavitti (Rohwer);
and P. crassicornis (Rohwer), n. comb. Pontania acuminata Marlatt is transferred to
Nematus, n. comb. Lectotypes are designated for seven species. The Salix and Populus
host plants are given and associated galls are illustrated.
Key Words: Pontania, Phyllocolpa, sawflies, leafgalls, leaffolds, Marlatt, Dyar, Rohwer
The Nearctic gall-making and leaf-fold- the taxa described from the Nearctic Region
ing sawflies have received little attention need to be reevaluated, and associated galls
and have not been revised due to few ap- and host information recorded where
parent morphological characters in the known.
adults and lack ofinformation on associated In this paper, we discuss the species of
galls, habits, and other biological data. Pontania and Phyllocolpa described by
Smith (1979) listed the gall-forming species Marlatt, Rohwer, and Dyar from eastern
of Nematinae in the genera Euiira, Pontan- North America. The authorship of three
ia, and Phyllocolpa, following the classifi- species are correctly attributed to Dyar rath-
cation in place at that time. Subsequent er than Marlatt. The species described by
work on the Palearctic fauna by Vikberg these authors are significant because many
(1982) and Zinovjev (1993), has refined the have associated galls, host, and biological
classification, most notably by the recog- information. These authors are also respon-
nition of various subgenera and species sible for all of the species of Phyllocolpa
groups within each genus. Consequently, and half of the species of Pontania known
—
360 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
from eastern North America. We use the di- hyalina by Norton (1864), was introduced
agnostic characters and classification used from Europe together with the host plants
by Zinovjev (1993), except that Phyllocol- Salix alba L., Salixfragilis L., and their hy-
pa is treated as a genus rather than a sub- brids, and it is the only representative ofthe
genus ofPontania. Following is a summary proxima group known in temperate North
of the classification and biological infor- America. Galls ofan undescribed species of
mation for the subtribe Euurina: the dolichura group on Salix sericea
— (Marsh.) were found in Otsego Co., N.Y.,
Subtribe Euurina Produces galls or leaf in July 1996 by A. G. Zinovjev and R.
folds on Salicaceae, mainly Salix spp., Fritz. Similar galls have been encountered
but a few on Chosenia in eastern Asia on S. nigra Marsh, and other willows in the
and on Populus in North America. Harvard University Herbaria by AGZ. We
—
Genus Euura Newman Produces recognize three species of the leaf-rolling
bud, stem, petiole, or midri—b galls. crassispina group, P. (P.) pumila Rohwer,
Genus Phyllocolpa Benson Larvae P. (P.) populi Marlatt, and P. (P.) tennin-
alis Marlatt.
in rolled leaves or leaf margins,
without swelling at site of egg lay- The following eight species from eastern
ing. At least two species groups in North America belong to Pontania {Eupon-
North America, leucapsis and leii- tania): P. (E.) s-pisum (Walsh), P. (E.) s-
pomum (Walsh), P. (E.) s-desmodioides
costicta.
Genus Pontania Costa (Walsh), P.iE.) gracilis (Marlatt), P. (E.)
—
Subgenus Pontania Costa Larvae rugulosa Marlatt, P. (E.) petiolaridis Roh-
in closed galls or leaf rolls, with wer, P. (£".) consors Dyar, and P. (E.) lu-
site of egg laying marked by dis- cidae Rohwer. Their galls (Figs. 1-9) help
tinct swelling on upper surface of distinguish the species. The Walsh species
leaf. Three species groups: cras- are newly assigned to this group.
For some of the species discussed, the
sispina, dolichura, proxima.
Subgenus Eupontania Zinovjev remnants ofthe galls from which type spec-
Larvae produce closed leaf galls imens were reared are still preserved, and
attached to the midvein or occa- we illustrate these. These remnants made it
sionally a larger lateral vein. At possible to check the host plant identifica-
lsepaesctietswogroofupstheocfciuvre PianleaNrocrttihc tsieounmssbyareG:. UArSgNusM. A=crNoantiyomnsalusMeudsfeourmmuo-f
America, polaris and viminalis. Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, D.C.; CUIC - Cornell Uni-
Five species treated here belong in Phyl- versity, Ithaca, New York.
locolpa, two in the leucosticta group, two
in the leucapsis group, and one is not Species Described by Marlatt
placed. Phyllocolpa crassicornis (Rohwer) Pontania acuminata Marlatt 1896a: 32.
was not included in the review by Smith —
and Fritz (1996). Pontania acuminata Mar- Type locality. ^Michigan. The holotype
latt, P. populi Marlatt, and P. tenninalis is labeled "Ag.Coll. Mich.," presumably
Marlatt, included in Phyllocolpa by Smith from East Lansing—.
and Fritz (1996), are here transfeiTed to Type material. Described from one fe-
Pontania or Nematus. male. The holotype was redescribed by
The subgenus Pontania is represented by Smith and Fritz (1996). Deposited in the
three species groups in North America. The USNM. —
gall-making Pontania proxima (Lepeletier), Host p—lant. Unknown.
which was described under the name Messa Notes. Examination ofthe ovipositorof
VOLUME NUMBER
101. 2 361
Figs. 1-2. Galls of Pontania (EiipoiUania) spp., Milford, Otsego Co., N.Y. 1, P. (E.) s-pisuiii on Sali.x
discolor. 2. P. (E.) s-pomuin on Sali.x eriocephala.
362 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
1%
Fig. 3. Gall of Pontania (Eupontaniu) gracilis on Salix sericea, Milford, Otsego Co., N.Y.
—
the holotype revealed that this species be- Host p—lant. Unknown.
longs to the genus Nematiis Panzer. The Notes. This species is currently placed
ovipositors of Nematus are normally broad as a synonym of Amauronematiis amento-
and straight (Benson 1958, figs. 712-725), riim (Forster) (Smith 1979). The latter, to-
and those of Pontania and Phyllocolpa are gether with the related species inhabiting
usually slender and curved (Benson 1958, willow catkins, are now placed in a separate
figs. 636-641). The slight ventroapicale genus, Pontoprista Malaise.
margination of the sheath (Fig. 10) led to
Pteronus dubius Marlatt 1896a: 74.
the placement ofthis species in Phyllocolpa —
by Smith and Fritz (1996). The correct Type locality. —Wellesley, Mass.
combination is Nematus acuminatus (Mar- Type material. Described from one
latt), n. comb. male. The holotype is labeled: "Wellesley,
Mass., March 29, 1890; Type male; Type
Pontania atra Marlatt 1896a: 37.
No. 1937 U.S.N.M.; Pteronus dubius
—
Type locality. Michigan. The holotype male." The genitalia are on a separate pin
is from "Ag. Coll. Mich.," and is presum- in a tube and with the label: "TYPE Pter-
ably from East La—nsing. onus dubius Marl." Deposited in the
Type material. Described from one fe- USNM. —
male. The holotype female is labeled: "Ag. Host p—lant. Unknown.
Coll. Mich. 4-21 90 62; Davis; Type fe- Notes. This species was correctly as-
male; Type No 1916 U.S.N.M.; Pontania signed to Pontania (Smith 1979). Males are
atra n. sp. female." Deposited in the difficult to place and generic placement is
USNM. the best that can be done at present.
—
VOLUME 101, NUMBER 2 363
—
Pontania gracilis Marlatt, 1896a: 39. Host p—lant. Unknown.
Type locality.——Virginia. colNpoatepse.ctorTahliissi(sMaarlvaatlti).d species, Phyllo-
Type material. Described from two fe-
males and an undetermined number of Pontania popidi Marlatt 1896b: 253.
galls. Lectotype female, here designated: —
"No 152x, Iss. Apr. 19. 86; Type female. Type locality. New York, as given by
Type No. 1919 U.S.N.M.; Pontania gracilis Marlatt. The specimen described was reared
n. sp." Paralectotype: "No 152x, Iss. Apr. 19. by Dyar; Dyar (1897a) stated it was from
86; Type female, Type No. 1919 Fort Lee, N.J. —
U.S.N.M." There are two dry galls with the Type material. Described from one fe-
following labels: "152x Va Sept. 29. 85"; male. The holotype was redescribed by
one of them (Fig. 6) with the remnants of Smith and Fritz (1996). Deposited in the
USNM.
the leaf (the lower surface with sparse tri- —
chomes) and the label "gall on Salix sericea Host plant. Populus grandidentata
det G. Argus, 1996." The types and galls Michx. —
A
USNM. Notes. valid species, Pontania {Pon-
are in the —
Host plant. Salix sericea Marsh, (iden- tania)popidi Marlatt, belonging to the cras-
tified by—G. Argus). sispina group. The larvae and biology were
Notes. This is a valid species of Pon- described by Dyar (1897a). It produces leaf
tania (Eupontania). The description of P. rolls on the host creating a small swelling
gracilis larvae and biology by Dyar (procecidium) at the site of egg laying.
(1897b) refers to P. petiolaridis Rohwer There is more than one generation per year.
(see below). A typical gall of this species The larvae eat the parenchyma and leave
is shown in Fig. 3 (from Otsego Co., N.Y., the upper cuticle intact, which is typical for
collected by AGZ and R. Fritz). species of the crassispina group. A very
slight ventroapical indentation ofthe sheath
Pontania nigrita Marlatt 1896a: 27. (Fig. 11) and the leaf-folding habit led to
—
Type locality. Michigan. The holotype the inclusion of this species in Phyllocolpa
is labeled "Ag.Coll.Mich," presumably by Smith and Fritz (1996).
from East Lansing.
— Pontania robusta Marlatt 1896a: 32.
Type material. Described from one fe- —
male. The holotype was redescribed by Type locality. "Michigan and District
Smith and Fritz (1996). Deposited in the of Columbia (?)." The lectotype is labeled
USNM.
— "Ag.Coll.Mich.," presumably East Lan-
Host plants. According to Smith and sing. —
Fritz (1996), the host plants are Salix seri- Type material. Described from one fe-
cea, S. discolor Muhl., and S. eriocephala male and one male. The lectotype, a female
Michx. — from Michigan, was selected and rede-
Notes. This is a valid species of Phyl- scribed by Smith and Fritz (1996). Depos-
locolpa and belongs to the leucosticta ited in the USNM.
group. Its larva and biology were described Host. Populus tremuloides Michx.
—
by Dyar (1897b) under the name Pontania Notes. This is a valid species of Phyl-
pallicornis Norton. locolpa in the leucapsis group. The larva
and biology were described by Dyar
Pontania pectoralis Marlatt 1896a: 31.
— (1897b). It produces leaf folds on aspen, as
Type locality. —Algonquin, Illinois. was confirmed by Smith and Fritz (1996).
Type material. Described from one fe- There is one generation a year.
male. The holotype was redescribed by
Smith and Fritz (1996). Deposited in CUIC. Pontania rugulosa Marlatt 1896a: 41.
364 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
—
Type locality. —Michigan. it led to the placement of this species in
Type material. Described from two Phyllocolpa by Smith and Fritz (1996).
males, "one reared (?) from willow gall."
The lectotype, here designated, is labeled: Species Described by Dyar
"O; 17; Collection C.V. Riley; Type male;
Type No 1920 U.S.N.M.; Pontania rugulosa Dyar (1898) attributed the authorship of
Pontania consors, Pontania borealis, and
M. n.sp." There is a gall on the same pin,
Pteronus carpini to Marlatt (1898), but
but it does not belong to the lectotype. De-
posited in the—USNM. tDhyoasre'sofdeMsacrrliapttitonbsyoafbtohuetsehaslpfecaieyseapr.reMcaerd-e
Host p—lant. Willow (species unknown). latt (1898) cited "Dyar N. Y Ent. Soc, VI.,
Notes. This species belongs to Pontan-
June 1898, p. 121" in his descriptions.
ia (Eupontania) according to the shape of Therefore we change the authorship of the
the mandibles, but we are not certain if it following names to Dyar: Pontania boreal-
is a valid species because males are difficult
to place. The gall lacks an exit hole, but the Wis,ePotrnetaatntihaecaodnuslotrss,reaanrdedPtferroomnulsarcvaarepidnie.-
male has part of the pupal skin attached to
scribed by Dyar as holotypes or lectotypes.
the leg. It may have been reared from a
similar gall, but not the gall on the pin. The Pteronus carpini is a valid species in the
genus Nematus (Smith 1979).
gall on the pin is equally produced from
both sides of the leaf, but it is practically Pontania borealis Dyar 1898: 121 (galls,
without leaf remnants and the willow prob- larva).—Marlatt 1898: 302 (female).
ably cannot be identified. —
Type locality. Plattsburgh, N.Y, ac-
Pontania terminalis Marlatt 1896b: 253.
— cording to Dyar (—1898).
Type locality. Near New York City. Type material. Dyar did not state the
The specimens were from Dyar's collec- number of galls and larvae he reared. Mar-
tions and, according to Dyar (1897a), were latt described the reared adults from two fe-
from Van Cortland Park, New York City. males. The lectotype female, here designat-
—
Type material. Described from three fe- ed, is labeled: "8S; Collection H. G. Dyar;
males and two males. The female lectotype Type No 4131 U.S.N.M.; Pontania borealis
was selected and the species redescribed by female Marl." Paralectotype:"8S; Collec-
Smith and Fritz (1996). Deposited in the tion H. G. Dyar; Pontania borealis Marl."
USNM. — There is also one similarly labeled speci-
Host plant. Salix sericea, according to men without Marlatt's identification label.
Smith and Fritz (1996). The host plant re- Galls: There are two galls on a pin (Fig. 4)
lationships of P. terminalis need to be con- labeled: "8S; Collection H. G. Dyar; Type
firmed. There is possibly more than one- No 4131 U.S.N.M.; Pontania borealis gall
species un—der this name. Marl." An additional label is added: "upper
Notes. The valid name is Pontania gall: P. (Eu.) s-pomum, lower gall: P. (Eu.)
(Pontania) terminalis Marlatt, and it be- s-desmodioides, A. Zinovjev det, 1997".
longs to the crassispina group. The larvae There are three galls on another pin (Fig.
and biology were described by Dyar 5) without Marlatt's identification label, but
(1897a). It produces leaf rolls on willow some of them probably also belong to the
similar to P. populi except with a smaller type series of P. borealis. The two upper
swelling at the site of egg laying. The lar- galls are of P. (E.) s-desmodiodes (A. Zi-
vae eat parenchyma and leave the upper cu- novjev det. 1997, galls on Sali.x humilis det
ticle intact, which is typical for this species G. Argus, 1996; lower gall of P. (£".) s-po-
group. The slight ventroapical indentation mum). Deposi—ted in USNM.
ofthe sheath (Fig. 12) and leaf-folding hab- Host plant. Sali.x humilis Marsh, as de-
VOLUME 101, NUMBER 2 365
Figs. 4-6. Galls of Pontama (Enponlcmia) spp. 4, P.(E.)1 s-pomum (a) and P. (E.) s-desmodioides (type
material ofP. borealis) (b) on same pin. 5, P. (E.) s-desmodioides (a) and P. (E.) ? s-pomum (b) on same pin.
6, Type material ofP. (£.) gracilis on Salix sericea.
termined by G. Argus (not Salix sericea as taina borealis Dyar, n. syn.). Dyar's (1898)
reported by Dyar). description of the galls is very similar to
—
Notes. The valid name is Pontania {En- those described by Walsh (1866) for P. s-
pontania) s-desmodioides (Walsh) (= Poii- desmodioides. The host plant was misiden-
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOUOG.CAU SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
366
%f>
^ cnn 7 P (F) consors from which type material was reared. 8.
P.F(i£g.s).l7u-c9id.ae.Gaflrlosmow,hiPocnh^tchueuaty^pe^^ma'tPeroi^all^w^a^sl^^^^J^^^ Z^^uolaridis, typematenal onSaU.peUolans.
VOLUME NUMBER
101, 2 367
11
^
12
Figs. 10-12. 10, Apex of abdomen and sheath of Nematus acuminatus. 11, Apex of abdomen and sheath
of Pontania popiili. 12, Lateral view of P. tenninalis.
368 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
lifted by Dyar. The remnants of leaves with above, paler below, rarely uniformly pale.
the galls of this species collected by Dyar Strongly silky hairy like the leaves below,
are shown in Figs. 4, 5. The leaf shape and less hairy or even smooth above; size 8.5—
mm mm
pubescence of those associated with P. s- 8.5—7 or as small as 5 in diame-
desmodioides is typical for Sali.x humilis, ter." The host plant was misidentified by
and the willow identification was confirmed Dyar. The remnants of the leaf were iden-
by G. Argus. However, along with these tified by G. Argus, as in the preceding case
galls of P. s-desmodioides (Figs. 4b, 5a), {P. borealis), as Salix humilis. A. G. Zi-
there are also two others on the same pins novjev and H. Goulet collected galls of P.
which appear to belong to P. s-pomum consors at Lake Jean Venne, Masham Co.,
(Figs. 4a, 5b). A typical P. s-pomum gall is Quebec, Canada (about 50 km N ofOttawa)
in Fig. 2. The remnants of the leaves at- in the fall of 1995 on Salix humilis (host-
tached to the latter two galls are glabrous plant determined by G. Argus).
and might be Salix eriocephala Michx., the
Species Described by Rohwer
host plant of P. s-pomum. However, none
of the three reared females can be identified S. A. Rohwer did not select single spec-
as P. (E.) s-pomum. imens as holotypes in his publications, even
though he attached holotype or paratype la-
Pontania consors Dyai" 1898: 121 (galls, lar- USNM
bels and type numbers to specimens
va).—Marlatt 1898: 302 (female, male). of each species he described. Therefore, we
—
Type locality. —Plattsburgh, N.Y. designate lectotypes where necesary.
Type material. Dyar did not give the Pontania amentivora Rohwer 1915: 209.
number of galls and larvae. Marlatt de- —
scribed adults from one female and two Type locality. —Falls Church, Virginia.
males. The lectotype female, here designat- Type material. Described from four fe-
ed, is labeled: "8T; Collection H. G. Dyar; males. The lectotype female (with a cocoon
Type No 4132 U.S.N.M.; Pontania consors on the same pin), here designated, is la-
female Marl." Paralectotypes: 2 males, beled: "10128 Hopk. U.S.; reared May 13
"8T; Collection H. G. Dyar; Type No 4132 13; Falls Church, Va; S.A. Rohwer Coll.;
U.S.N.M.; Pontania consors male Marl." Type female No. 18313 U.S.N.M.; Pontania
Five galls from two leaves are on a pin la- amentivora Type Roh." Deposited in
beled: ''8T; Collection H. G. Dyar" (Fig. USNM. —
7). There is also a cocoon in decayed wood Host p—lant. Salix sp.
with the label "8T; Pontaniaconsors Marl." Notes. According to Rohwer "this spe-
Deposited in t—he USNM. cies lives, in the larval stage, in the pistil-
Host plant. Salix humilis as identified late catkins of a small species of Salix and
by G. Argus (not Salix sericea as reported causes the destruction ofthe ovaries and the
by Dyar). premature forming of 'cotton'." This spe-
—
Notes. This is a valid species, Pontania cies is currently placed as a synonym of
(Eupontania) consors Dyar. Dyar described Amauronematus amentorum (Forster)
the species as follows: "Galls found with (Smith 1979). The catkin feeders, including
the preceding on S. sericea, but gregarious, this and some related species previously
hairy and spherical. Near the base of the placed inAmauronematus Konow belong in
leaf, three or two together, rarely but one, the genus Pontoprista Malaise.
exceeding the margin often by half the di-
Pontania crassicornis Rohwer, 1912: 241.
ameter of the gall; not evenly divided by —
the leaf, about one third or a little more Type locality. Toronto, Ontario, Cana-
above, two thirds below; pale greenish, of- da. —
ten heavily marked and mottled with red Type material. Described from one