Type specimens of South East Asian Adoliadini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

2016·1.7 MB·

蝶と蛾　Lepidoptera Science 67（2）: 67-88, October 2016
Type specimens of South East Asian Adoliadini（ Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae） in the Naturalis Biodiversity Center,
Leiden, The Netherlands
M. E. Gassó Miracle and T. Yokochi
M. Eulàlia Gassó Miracle, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands i
Takashi Yokochi, 1-10-26, Shonan, Owariasahi, Aichi, 488-0823, Japanii
Abstract We report a total of 46 type specimens belonging to 28 taxa of South East Asian Adoliadini（ Nymphalidae,
Lepidoptera） preserved in the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden. The species and subspecies discussed here are
currently assigned to the genera Tanaecia, Euthalia, Cynitia and Lexias. Amongst the specimens examined there are
40 primary types and 6 secondary types, as well as 5 specimens of additional material. We examined the following
material: fourteen taxa described by Snellen van Vollenhoven [Agnis, apicalis, Apsarasa, bipunctata, Blumei,
clathrata, Diardi, Gandarva, Indras, Ludekingii, octogesima, Pardalis, Surjas, and Varuna]; two taxa by Snellen
[vordermani and immaculata]; three taxa by Fruhstorfer [bangkana, ritsemae and stictica]; three taxa by Tsukada
[candidatus, mulsus and siluvanus]; two taxa by Van Eecke [picta and dammermani]; one taxon by Jurriaanse
[satellita]; one taxon by Jurriaanse & Volbeda [baliensis]; one taxon by Toxopeus [roepkei] and one taxon by Wegner
[interrupta]. We provide the original combination of genus and species name, combinations under which the original
name has been cited in the literature, description of the type material, type locality, comments on the type material, its
history, and its current name, as well as figures of the type specimens. Data of the types has been verified by
examination of the specimens and the original literature. When necessary, comments on taxonomy are added,
taxonomic and nomenclatural changes are indicated accordingly. Two lectotypes are designated in order to stabilise
the nomenclature. A new subspecies, Euthalia（ Euthalia） mahadeva eeckei, is described.
Keywords　Adoliadini, Cynitia, Euthalia, lectotype designation, Lepidoptera, Lexias, new subspecies, Nymphalidae,
synonymy, Tanaecia, taxonomy, types.
Introduction et al. 1997, Ueda et al. 2000, Hoogmoed et al. 2010）. The
butterflies of the Adoliadini tribe received the attention of
In 2010, three Dutch natural history collections were bundled
Samuel Constant Snellen van Vollenhoven（ 1816-1880） and
together to form the Naturalis Biodiversity Center Leiden
Rudolf van Eecke（ 1886-1975）, both curators at the RMNH, as
（NBC）, the Netherlands. These collections were until then
well as that of other entomologists who visited or were otherwise
managed by three different institutes: the Nationaal
connected to the Leiden museum. Their study resulted in the
Natuurhistorisch Museum（ formerly Rijksmuseum van
description of several new species and subspecies.
Natuurlijke Historie, RMNH）, the Nationaal Herbarium
Nederland（ NHN） and the Zoölogisch Museum Amsterdam Carl Ludwig Blume, physician, botanist, and Director of ʼs
（ZMA）. The collection of the RMNH accomodated a large Lands Plantentuin in Buitenzorg（ nowadays the Bogor Botanical
South East Asian butterfly collection, rich in type specimens. Garden） between 1822 and 1826, gathered large collections of
During the Dutch colonial period of the 19th century many plants and animals in Java. Blume himself never collected
specimens were collected and shipped back to Leiden. The outside Java, but he did receive specimens collected by members
collections made by members of the Natuurkundige Commissie of the Natuurkundige Commissie in other parts of the colonies
（1820-1850）, like Salomon Müller and Pierre-Médard Diard, （Van Steenis-Kruseman 1950: 64）. He sent the zoological
are particularly important. The Commission was specially specimens to the Leiden museum and kept the plants in Bogor
appointed to explore the natural riches of the Dutch colonies. for the Botanical Garden（ Smit 1979: 9）. A shipment of natural
The collections of Carl Ludwig Ritter von Blume（ 1796-1862） history specimens arrived in Leiden in 1828, including 100,000
and the Japanese collection of Philipp Franz von Siebold（ 1796- insects from Java, according to a list kept in the Naturalis
1866） are also preserved in the NBC（ see for example, Fransen archives. Apparently, Blume offered in 1838 a collection of
Bornean specimens for sale for fl.12,000 to the RMNH, a sum

too large for the museum（ Gijzen 1938: 100）. We did not find
[email protected], [email protected] records that indicate whether the purchase actually happened.
68 M. E. Gassó Miracle and T. Yokochi
Once in Leiden, the insects were labelled with round labels with （Barendrecht 1957）. The Latin descriptions of the new species
the available information at that time. Most of the labels only were published again in the Verslagen en Mededelingen KNAW,
have “Blume Java” or “Diard Borneo” written on them. without any alteration or extra text, and without the illustrations
Unfortunately, there was some confusion regarding the insects （Snellen van Vollenhoven 1862b）. Krikken et al.（ 1981: 262）
send to Leiden by Blume. We have found that several specimens referred to the Verslagen and Mededelingen KNAW as the
bear a label reading “Blume Java”, although these species only original publication for the new species of Adolias described by
occur in Borneo. We might not be able to pinpoint the source of Snellen van Vollenhoven in 1862. The first publication, however,
this error, but it is very likely that the Entomology staff in Leiden is the one that appeared in volume 5 of the Tijdschrift voor
regarded all specimens from a shipment from Bogor, sent by Entomologie.
Blume, as originally collected in Java. The labels resulted in
Rudolf van Eecke was Curator of Entomology at the RMNH
erroneous type localities for six of the fourteen species described
between 1916 and 1933. During his appointment he described
by Snellen van Vollenhoven（ Blumei, Gandarva, octogesima,
and published new species of Heterocera, Thysanoptera and
Pardalis, Surjas and Varuna）. Hans Fruhstorfer already noticed
Lepidoptera（ Holthuis 1995）. He also took up the task of
this in 1906: “Die Type von surjas Vollenhoven trägt das
cataloguing the entomological collections. As a result, an
Etiquett: Blume, Java, dürfte aber ebenso wie die Type von
extensive handwritten catalogue of the insects in the RMNH
gandara [sic] Voll. varuna und pardalis Voll. aus dem südlichen
collection up to 1930 is now preserved in the archives
Borneo stammen.” [The Type of surjas Vollenhoven bears the
of Naturalis. During this inventory each specimen received an
label: Blume, Java but, like the Type of gandara [sic] Voll.,
identification label and a label with a catalogue number（ “Cat.
varuna and pardalis Voll., it could very well be from Southern
No.”, numeration started with “1” for every new species or
Borneo.]（ Fruhstorfer 1906a: 52）.
subspecies, that is, the specimens did not receive unique
Samuel C. Snellen van Vollenhoven was appointed curator at the numbers）. Each entry corresponds to a species or subspecies,
RMNH in 1854 and worked in the collection until 1873（ for his according to the taxonomy of the time, and it gives detailed
biography, bibliography and a list of taxa described by Snellen information on each specimen: drawer number, label data, sex
van Vollenhoven see Krikken et al. 1981）. Among many other and its catalogue number. We have consulted this RMNH
things, he published two works on the genus Adolias, both in catalogue during the search for type specimens, the verification
1862, the same year Blume died. These two articles, in which of their status and when we suspected mislabelling might have
Snellen van Vollenhoven described fourteen new taxa, have been occurred after 1930.
very important references for the study of Adoliadini
We report here one taxon only described by L.J. Toxopeus but
classification. The first work to appear was published in the
his work on Adoliadini deserves special attention. Lambertus
Tijdschrift voor Entomologie（ Snellen van Vollenhoven 1862a）.
Johannes Toxopeus（ 1894-1951）, a Dutch entomologist
It was a revision of Mooreʼs Monograph of the Genus Adolias
specialized in Lycaenidae and Hesperiidae, worked as a
（Moore 1859）. Snellen van Vollenhoven first presented his
professor at the Universities of Batavia and Bandung（ now the
revision to the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van
Universitas Indonesia） after WWII（ see Roepke 1952, for a
Wetenschappen（ KNAW） in March 1861 for its publication in
short biography and bibliography）. Before his death in 1951 by
their proceedings. In January 21st, 1862, however, Snellen van
a tragic motor accident, Toxopeus visited the entomological
Vollenhoven wrote a letter to the directors of the KNAW in
collections of Leiden and Wageningen in 1949. He worked on
which he explained his wish to publish this revision as soon as
several groups that had caught his attention, including some
possible. He felt such a pressure to publish because the British
Nymphalid genera. He planned to describe several new species
were quickly making progress studying specimens collected by
and subspecies, and he attached handwritten labels with
Alfred R. Wallace in South East Asia. As the proceedings of the
manuscript names to the specimens, often with their intended
KNAW were not ready yet for publication, Snellen van
type status. He also rearranged the collections according to his
Vollenhoven suggested to the Chairman to publish his work on
conclusions. Toxopeus was not able to finish his work, leaving
Adolias in the Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, ready to appear in
behind drawers with his temporary arrangements and many
the summer of 1862, and that the diagnostic characters of the
specimens labelled with manuscript names. This has proved to
fourteen new species he described were published afterwards in
be problematic on several occasions, especially because some of
the proceedings of the KNAW（ 1862: 263-264）. The Chairman
the intended types of Toxopeus received at some point a printed
agreed and in the March meeting it was decided to “return his
red type label, even though the names were never published.
essay to Mr. Snellen van Volllenhoven.”（ KNAW 1862: 268）. In
Amongst the specimens Toxopeus worked on before his death
1862 Snellen van Vollenhovenʼs work was first published in the
were males originally described in 1862 by Snellen van
fifth volume of Tijdschrift voor Entomologie with the description
Vollenhoven as “Adolias Blumei” and “Adolias Diardi”. Roepke
of fourteen new species in Latin, comments in Dutch and four
writes: “Dr. T. seemed to be vividly interested in the species of
coloured plates. It appeared after the 5th of July 1862
the blumeï-group [sic] and he looked carefully at several ♂♂ in
Type specimens of South East Asian Adoliadini 69
our collection [Wageningen University], chiefly from Sumatra. made on the type specimenʼs locality, identity or type status. The
In the Leyden Museum he arranged the numerous specimens references list might not be exhaustive.
provisionally, leaving notes.”（ Roepke 1952: 18）. The
Under “Type material” we list the type specimens and their type
handwritten labels of Toxopeus, including type designations of
status. The labels attached to the specimens are referred to here
unpublished names, are still attached to the specimens for
in the sequence they appear from top to bottom. The information
curatorial and historical reasons; Appendix II gives a list of his
on the labels is given verbatim within quotation marks. Separate
manuscript names found in the RMNH collection of Adoliadini.
labels of the same specimen are indicated by “/”. For the sake of
The collection of J.H. Jurriaanse has been in Leiden since 1928, clarity, additions to the original labels, like full names of
after two years of arduous negotiations to meet Jurriaanseʼs abbreviated localities and collectorsʼ names, are provided in
conditions to the accession. Jan Hendrik Jurriaanse（ 1867-1940） square brackets. Translations from Dutch and German into
was a Dutch dealer who supplied entomological specimens to English are also given in square brackets where necessary. All
different collectors and institutions（ Harvey et al. 1996: 116）. types housed in NBC have been provided with a unique
His private collection, originally kept in Rotterdam, consisted of identification number, preceded by the prefix “RMNH.INS.” for
more than 40,000 specimens of ca. 4,500 species, preserved in future reference. The information on the labels is followed by
little more than 800 drawers. It contained many type specimens, the length of the forewing（ LFW） in millimetres and the figure
most of them of taxa described by himself. Jurriaanse would numbers for each specimen.
donate his collection to the Leiden Museum if, and only if, his
Under “Additional material” we list specimens excluded from
collection would never be used for educational purposes and if
the type series, as well as specimens that are labelled as types or
one more curator of Entomology was appointed. This last
“original of the illustration” but that our research proved to have
demand seemed to be a problem. The extra curator position was
been mislabelled. When mislabelling and/or shifting of labels
never realized. Finally, in 1928 the director of the RMNH, E.D.
has been detected, none of these labels have been interchanged
van Oort, succeeded in acquring the Jurriaanse collection
or removed, but the mistake is indicated under the “Comments”
（Holthuis 1995: 111-115）. The types of two Adoliadini
section.
described by Jurriaanse, one together with J. Lindemans and one
with G. Volbeda, are kept in Naturalis. The type locality（ TL） is quoted from the original labels
attached to the type specimen. Modern equivalents for countries
Materials and methods are provided in square brackets. Additional data from the
original publication as well as any inconsistencies between
The material examined here was originally part of the collections
labels, publications and/or the geographical range of the taxa are
J.H. Jurriaanse, P.C.T. Snellen, E.J. Nieuwenhuis and the former
discussed under “Comments”.
RMNH, all now preserved in the NBC collection in Leiden
（Gijzen 1938）. Appendix I gives a summary of the nominal and The heading “Comments” gives additional information on the
current names, type specimens and their type status in the specimens, the type localities, the missing types and taxonomical
RMNH collection. remarks. Taxonomical discussion and lectotype designations
result from the examination of the type material, of
The type specimens were identified by their labels and by the
authoritatively identified specimens, and of the original
descriptions and figures in the original publication.
descriptions and figures in the literature.
Discrepancies between the number of specimens originally
reported and those found at this time are noted under In the “Current nameʼ section we give the present combination of
“Comments”; missing types are indicated as such. In some cases the original name. New synonymies are the result of ongoing
the original combination was written with a capitalized species studies on the Adoliadini of South East Asia by Takashi Yokochi
name（ for example, Adolias Blumei）. When quoting the author, （e.g. Yokochi 1999 & 2010; Yokochi & Matsuda 1999, Yokochi,
the original spelling is retained, otherwise the species name is 2016）. In this paper we follow the resolution taken by the
written without the first capital letter. The taxa discussed here are Societas Europaea Lepideptorologica regarding the use of
listed alphabetically by the original name（ the species, species names as published in the original publication without
subspecies or forma described）, each entry given by the original changing them to agree in gender with the genus name
combination of genus and species, or genus, species and （Sommerer 2002: 202）.
subspecies, author name and year of publication. It is followed
by a references list in smaller font, starting with the reference of NYMPHALIDAE
the original description with plates and figure numbers. Other 　Limenitidinae
references in this list concern publications that propose a new 　　Adoliadini
combination for the taxon and that specifically mention the
Adolias agnis Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1862
original description, as well as publications where remarks are
70 M. E. Gassó Miracle and T. Yokochi
　Adolias Agnis Snellen van Vollenhoven 1862a, Tijdschr. Ent. 5: 202, Current name: Euthalia（ Euthalia） agnis agnis（ Snellen van
pl. 12, fig. 2. Vollenhoven, 1862）.
　 Adolias Agnis, Snellen van Vollenhoven 1862b, Versl. Meded. K.
Adolias apicalis Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1862
Acad. Wet. Natuurk. 13: 273.
　 Euthalia agnis; Moore [1896], Lep. Indica V. 3: 13; Fruhstorfer 1894, 　Adolias apicalis Snellen van Vollenhoven 1862a, Tijdschr. Ent. 5: 186,
Ent. Nachr. 20（3）: 44; De Nicéville & Martin 1895, J. Asiatic Soc. pl. 10, fig. 1.
Bengal 64（3）: 425; Corbet & Pendelbury 1992, Butterflies Malay 　Adolias apicalis, Snellen van Vollenhoven 1862b, Versl. Meded. K.
Penins.: 408. Acad. Wet. Natuurk. 13: 270.
　 Euthalia agnis agnis; Fruhstorfer 1913, in Seitzʼs Gross-Schmett. 9: 　Euthalia parta; Distant 1886, Rhop. Malayana, App.: 437, pl. 37, fig. 7.
672; Tsukada 1991, Butterflies S.E. Asian Isl. V（II）: 418. 　Euthalia apicalis; Moore [1898], Lep. Indica V. 3: 125, pl. 239, fig. 1;
　 Euthalia（ Euthalia） agnis agnis; DʼAbrera 1985, Butterflies Or. Reg. Fruhstorfer 1899, Berl. Ent. Z. 44: 138.
（II）: 357; Yokochi & Matsuda 1999, Trans. Lepid. Soc. Japan 50（1）: 　Euthalia merta apicalis; Frustorfer 1913, in Seitzʼs Gross-Schmett. 9:
27. 671; DʼAbrera 1985, Butterflies Or. Reg.（ II）: 358; Tsukada 1991,
Butterflies SE Asian Isl. V（II）: 412.
Type material. Syntype: 1♀, RMNH.INS.384269, “Blume Java /
Museum Leiden E. agnis agnis Voll. [Snellen van Vollenhoven] Type material. Holotype: ♂, RMNH.INS.384258, “Diard
Det: / Cat. No. 5 / Naturalis Biodiversity Center SYNTYPE ♀ Borneo / Naturalis Biodiversity Center HOLOTYPE ♂ Adolias
Adolias Agnis Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1862 Tijdschr. Ent. 5: apicalis Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1862 Tijdschr. Ent. 5: 186,
202, pl.12, f. 2 / RMNH.INS.384269”. LFW: 33 mm（. Figs. 1-2） pl.10, f. 1 / RMNH.INS.384258”. LFW 30.5 mm.（ Figs. 7-8）
TL: Java. TL: Borneo.
Possible syntypes: 1♀, RMNH.INS.384270, “Museum Leiden E.
Comments
agnis agnis Voll. [Snellen van Vollenhoven] Det: / Cat. No. 6 /
Snellen van Vollenhoven described Adolias apicalis based on a
Naturalis Biodiversity Center SYNTYPE? ♀ Adolias Agnis
male collected by Pierre-Médard Diard in Borneo. The specimen
Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1862 Tijdschr. Ent. 5: 202, pl.12, f. 2 /
RMNH.INS.384258 is the only one in the apicalis group in the
RMNH.INS.384270”.（ Figs. 3-4）
RMHN collection with a label of “Diard Borneo” and it matches
1♀, RMNH.INS.384271, “Museum Leiden E. agnis agnis Voll.
the figured specimen, so it is certainly the holotype.
[Snellen van Vollenhoven] Det: / Cat. No. 7 / Naturalis
Biodiversity Center SYNTYPE? ♀ Adolias Agnis Snellen van Current name: Euthalia（ Euthalia） merta apicalis（ Snellen van
Vollenhoven, 1862 Tijdschr. Ent. 5: 202, pl.12, f. 2 / RMNH. Vollenhoven, 1862）.
INS.384271”.（ Figs. 5-6）
Adolias apsarasa Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1862
Additional material. 1♀, RMNH.INS.384272, “W. Java Maga
　Adolias Apsarasa Snellen van Vollenhoven 1862a, Tijdschr. Ent. 5:
Mandoeng 4,000 ft 1894 ♀ / Museum Leiden E. agnis agnis
198, pl. 11, fig. 3.
Voll. [Snellen van Vollenhoven] Det: / Cat. No. 8 / origineel der
　Adolias Apsarasa, Snellen van Vollenhoven 1862b, Versl. Meded. K.
afb[eelding]. [original of the illustration]/ RMNH.INS.384272”.
Acad. Wet. Natuurk. 13: 272.
Comments
　Tanaecia apsarasa; Moore [1897], Lep. Indica V. 3: 84; Fruhstorfer
Snellen van Vollenhoven described Adolias Agnis from three
1899, Berl. Ent. Z. 44: 126, 128; Butler 1901, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist（. 7）
females sent from Java by C.L. Blume. Four female specimens
8: 358.
are now preserved in Naturalis. The specimen RMNH.
　Tanaecia aruna apsarasa; Fruhstorfer 1913, in Seitzʼs Gross-Schmett.
INS.384269 has a label of “Blume Java”, which indicates it was
9: 655; Tsukada 1991, Butterflies S.E. Asian Isl. V（II）: 329.
part of the original type series. The female RMNH.INS.384272
was collected in 1894 according to its original label, therefore it Type material. Holotype: ♂, RMNH.INS.383884, “Muller,
does not belong to the type series even though it bears a label Borneo / Adolias apsarasa, Voll. [Snellen van Vollenhoven]
reading “origineel der afb.[eelding]” [original of the illustration]. type, T.v.E. V. [Tijdschrift voor Entomologie vol. 5] p. 198 /
The specimen does not match Snellen van Vollenhovenʼs Museum Leiden T. aruna apsarasa Voll. Det: vE [van Eecke] /
illustration, so mislabelling occurred at some point. RMNH. Cat. No. 2 / Naturalis Biodiversity Center HOLOTYPE ♂
INS.384269 is the specimen that most resembles the original Adolias Apsarasa Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1862 Tijdschr. Ent.
figure. The other two specimens, RMNH.INS.384270 and 5: 198, pl. 11, f. 3 / RMNH.INS.383884”. LFW 31 mm.（ Figs.
RMNH.INS.384271, have no locality nor collectorʼs label, fact 9-10）
already recorded in the old RMNH catalogue（ Cat. no. 6-7, TL: Borneo.
“Zonder local. opgave” [Without specified locality]）. As these
Comments
might have been part of the original type series, we listed them
Snellen van Vollenhoven stated that Apsarasa “had been
here as possible syntypes.
discovered by S. Muller in Borneo”. The specimen RMNH.
Type specimens of South East Asian Adoliadini 71
INS.383884 is the only one with a label of “Muller, Borneo” and, belongs to E. alpheda.
even though the specimen is a bit damaged, it corresponds to the
Current name: Euthalia（ Euthalia） alpheda bangkana Fruhstorfer,
figure on plate 11.
1906.
Current name: Tanaecia aruna apsarasa（ Snellen van
Adolias bipunctata Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1862
Vollenhoven, 1862）.
　Adolias bipunctata Snellen van Vollenhoven 1862a, Tijdschr. Ent. 5:
Euthalia adonia baliensis Jurriaanse & Volbeda, 1924 191, pl. 10, fig. 4.
　Adolias bipunctata, Snellen van Vollenhoven 1862b, Versl. Meded. K.
　Euthalia adonia baliensis Jurriaanse & Volbeda 1924, Entomologist 5:
Acad. Wet. Natuurk. 13: 271.
10.
　Euthalia bipunctata; Distant 1886, Rhop. Malayana, App.: 438, pl.
　Euthalia adonia baliensis; Tsukada 1991, Butterflies S.E. Asian Isl. V
43, fig. 3.
（II）: 396.
　Nora bipunctata; Moore [1897], Lep. Indica V. 3: 110; Fruhstorfer
Type material. Holotype: ♀, RMNH.INS.382756, “TYPE / 1899, Berl. Ent. Z. 44: 124; Butler 1901, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.（ 7）8:
Euthalia adonia baliensis Jurr[iaanse]. & Volb[eda]. Oct. 1923 / 365.
Bali / Collectie J.H. Jurriaanse Rotterdam / ♀ / Naturalis 　Nora salia bipunctata f. bipunctata; Fruhstorfer 1906b, Dt. Ent. Z. Iris
Biodiversity Center HOLOTYPE ♀ Euthalia adonia baliensis 19（3）: 114, 115.
Jurriaanse & Volbeda, 1924, Entomologist 5: 10 / RMNH. 　Euthalia monina indras f. bipunctata; DʼAbrera 1985, Butterflies Or.
INS.382756”. LFW 36 mm.（ Figs. 11-12） Reg.（ II）: 362.
TL: Bali. 　Euthalia monina bipunctata; Fruhstorfer 1913, in Seitzʼs Gross-
Schmett. 9: 665; Tsukada 1991, Butterflies S.E. Asian Isands V（II）:
Comments
427.
Jurriaanse & Volbeda described baliensis as a subspecies of
Euthalia adonia（ Cramer, 1780） based on a female from Bali Type material. Holotype: ♂, RMNH.INS.384089, “Diard
Island. However, examination of the holotype proves the taxon Borneo / Diard Borneo / Museum Leiden E. monina bipunctata
is a junior synonym of Euthalia adonia sapitana Fruhstorfer, Voll. [Snellen van Vollenhoven] Det: vE. [van Eecke] / Cat. No.
1899. 2 / Adolias bipunctata, Voll. type, T.v.E. V. [Tijdschrift voor
Entomologie vol. 5] p. 191. / Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Current name: Euthalia（ Euthalia） adonia sapitana Fruhstorfer,
HOLOTYPE ♂ Adolias bipunctata Snellen van Vollenhoven,
1899 syn. nov.
1862 Tijdschr. Ent. 5: 191, pl.10, f. 4. / RMNH.INS.384089”.
Euthalia aconthea bangkana Fruhstorfer, 1906 LFW 27 mm（. Figs. 15-16）
　Euthalia aconthea bangkana Fruhstorfer 1906a, Soc. Ent. 20（19）: TL: Borneo.
149.
Comments
　Euthalia alpheda bankana [sic]; Fruhstorfer 1913, in Seitzʼs Gross-
Snellen van Vollenhoven described bipunctata based on a male
Schmett. 9: 669.
collected by Pierre-Médard Diard in Borneo. The NBC has only
　Euthalia alpheda bankana [sic]; DʼAbrera 1985, Butterflies Or. Reg.
one specimen of bipunctata, RMNH.INS.384089, with a label
（II）: 360; Tsukada 1991, Butterflies S.E. Asian Isands V（II）: 423.
reading “Diard Borneo”. The markings on the figured specimen
Type material. Holotype: ♀, RMNH.INS.384190, “v.d. Bosſche and those on RMNH.INS.384089 are the same, although there
[J.F.R.S. van den Bossche] Banca / Museum Leiden. E. alpheda has been some discoloration of the holotype.
bankana Fruhst[orfer] Det: / Cat. No. 3 / Naturalis Biodiversity
Current name: Euthalia（ Euthalia） monina bipunctata（ Snellen
Center HOLOTYPE ♀ Euthalia aconthea bangkana Fruhstorfer,
van Vollenhoven, 1862）.
1906, Soc. Ent. 20: 149 / RMNH.INS.394190”. LFW 39 mm.
（Figs. 13-14） Adolias blumei Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1862
TL: Banca [Bangka Island].
　Adolias Blumei Snellen van Vollenhoven 1862a, Tijdschr. Ent. 5: 204,
Comments pl. 12, figs. 3, 4.
Fruhstorfer described bangkana as a subspecies of Euthalia 　Adolias Blumei; Snellen van Vollenhoven 1862b, Versl. Meded. K.
aconthea（ Cramer, 1777） based on a female from Bangka Acad. Wet. Natuurk. 13: 273; Snellen 1890, Tijdschr. Ent. 33: 292.
Island, “Type Museum Leyden”（ Fruhstorfer 1906a: 149）. 　Euthalia（ Felderia） cocytus; De Nicéville & Martin 1895, J. Asiatic
However, he changed the status of this taxon to a subspecies of Soc. Bengal 64（3）: 421.
E. alpheda（ Godart, 1824） in Seitzʼs Die Gross-Schmetterlinge 　Cynitia Blumei; Moore [1897], Lep. Indica V. 3: 99.
der Erde（ 1913: 669）. Tsukada（ 1991: 423） also treated it as a 　Tanaecia（ Cynitia） blumei; Fruhstorfer 1899, Berl. Ent. Z., 44: 133.
subspecies of E. alpheda without any statements on the 　Euthalia cocytina; Fruhstorfer 1913, in Seitzʼs Gross-Schmett. 9: 661.
synonymy. The female specimen in Leiden RMNH.INS.394190 　Euthalia cocytina cocytina f. blumei; Van Eecke 1918, Zool. Meded. 4
72 M. E. Gassó Miracle and T. Yokochi
（7）: 91. Sumatra. We could not locate the third male specimen labelled
“Blume Java” in the NBC collection. Therefore, we consider one
Type material. Syntypes: 1♂, RMNH.INS.722490, “Ludeking
of the four syntypes missing. Examination of the remaining
Sumatra.” / Museum Leiden E. cocytina blumei Voll. [Snellen
syntypes proves blumei is a synonym of cocytina.
van Vollenhoven] Det: vE. [Van Eecke] / Cat. No. 12. / ♂
Cynitia halcyon Tox [opeus]. HOLOTYPE.（ ? x ♂ ludekingii The names Cynitia halcyon Toxopeus and magnolia udara
Voll.） / Naturalis Biodiversity Center SYNTYPE ♂ Adolias Toxopeus on the labels of respectively RMNH.INS.722490 and
Blumei Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1862 Tijdschr. Ent. 5: 204, pl. RMNH.INS.722492 are both manuscript names that actually
12, f. 3-4. / RMNH.INS.722490”. LFW: 33 mm（. Figs. 17-18） never were published（ see Appendix II）.
1♂, RMNH.INS.722491, “Blume Java.” / Museum Leiden E.
Current name: Cynitia cocytina cocytina（ Horsfield, 1829） syn.
cocytina diardi Voll. [Snellen van Vollenhoven] Det: vE. [Van
nov.
Eecke] / Cat. No. 10 / Cynitia cocytina blumei（ Voll.） ♂ Det.
Tox [opeus]. 1949 / blumei Voll. TYPE ♂ Tox. concl [usion]. ʻ49 Euthalia monina candidatus Tsukada, 1991
/ 47 / Naturalis Biodiversity Center SYNTYPE ♂ Adolias 　Euthalia monina candidatus Tsukada 1991, Butterflies S.E. Asian Isl.
Blumei Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1862 Tijdschr. Ent. 5: 204, pl. V（II）: 428, pl. 124, fig. 10.
12, f. 3-4. / RMNH.INS.722491”. LFW: 29 mm（. Figs. 19-20）
Type material. Paratype: 1♂, RMNH.INS.722489, “Air Putih
1♂, RMNH.INS.722492, “Blume Java” / Museum Leiden E.
Sinkep（ Riouw） 26 Dec. 1955 ♂ Leg. Cardinaal / Museum
cocytina diardi Voll. [Snellen van Vollenhoven] Det: vE. [Van
Leiden verzamleing E.J. Nieuwenhuis / PARATYPE / Naturalis
Eecke] / Cat. No. 11 / donkere var. van Blumei onderzijde in
Biodiversity Center PARATYPE ♂ Euthalia monina candidatus
Vollenhovenʼs Mon [darker var. of Blumei underside in
Tsukada, 1991 Butterflies SE Asian Islands V（II）: 428, pl. 124,
Vollenhovenʼs Monograph] / magnolia udara Tox. n. subsp. ♂
fig. 10 / RMNH.INS.722489”. LFW 33 mm（. Figs. 23-24）
HOLOTYPE / Naturalis Biodiversity Center SYNTYPE ♂
TL（ Holotype）: Singkep [Singkep Island, Lingga Archipelago].
Adolias Blumei Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1862 Tijdschr. Ent. 5:
204, pl. 12, f. 3-4. / RMNH.INS.722492”. LFW: 32 mm.（ Figs. Current name: Euthalia（ Euthalia） monina candidatus Tsukada,
21-22） 1991.
TL: Java [recte Borneo], Sumatra.
Adolias clathrata Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1862
Comments
　Adolias clathrata Snellen van Vollenhoven 1862a, Tijdschr. Ent. 5:
Snellen van Vollenhoven described Blumei based on three males
205, pl. 12, fig. 5.
brought from Java by C.L. Blume and one male from Padang,
　Adolias clathrata, Snellen van Vollenhoven 1862b, Versl. Meded. K.
Sumatra, collected by E.W.A. Lüdeking. Judging from the
Acad. Wet. Natuurk. 13: 273.
figures in the original description（ pl. 12, figs. 3, 4）, the three
　Nora clathrata; Moore [1898], Lep. Indica V. 3: 110.
males collected by C.L. Blume were incorrectly labelled as
　Tanaecia clathrata; Fruhstorfer 1899, Berl. Ent. Z. 44: 127; Butler
originally from Java, as Blumei belongs to Cynitia cocytina
1901, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.（ 7）8: 359; Fruhstorfer 1913, in Seitzʼs
（Horsfield, 1829） from Borneo. Snellen van Vollenhoven stated
Gross-Schmett. 9: 654; Corbet & Pendelbury 1992, Butterflies Malay
that the underside of one of the Javanese specimens was darker
Penins.: 407.
than in the other three specimens. He doubted whether this
　Tanaecia clathrata clathrata; DʼAbrera 1985, Butterflies Or. Reg（. II）:
particular specimen might have been a female. According to the
344; Yokochi 1999, Trans. lepid. Soc. Japan 50（3）: 179; Tsukada
original description, this darker specimen and that from Sumatra
1991, Butterflies S.E. Asian Isl. V（II）: 335.
collected by Lüdeking both have a broader blue band on the
hindwings, if compared with the other two Javanese specimens Type material. Holotype: ♂, RMNH.INS.383868, “Type / type /
seen by Snellen van Vollenhoven. From his descriptions we Diard Borneo / Museum Leiden Tanaecia clathrata Voll. [Snellen
conclude that specimen RMNH.INS.722492, with a darker van Vollenhoven] Det: vE. [van Eecke] / Cat. No. 2 / Naturalis
underside and a broader blue band, was part of the original type Biodiversity Center HOLOTYPE ♂ Adolias clathrata Snellen
series, even though the label “Blume Java” is written with pencil van Vollenhoven, 1862 Tijdschr. Ent. 5: 205, pl.12, f. 5 / RMNH.
on a torn piece of paper, probably added after the original round INS.383868”. LFW 32 mm.（ Figs. 25-26）
label had been damaged or lost. The handwriting on this label, as TL: Borneo.
well as that on the label stating that the underside is darker, is
Comments
quite probably that of P.T.C. Snellen. Snellen referred to this
Snellen van Vollenhoven described clathrata based on one male
taxon in a publication on butterflies from Belitong collected by
from Borneo, collected by P.-M. Diard. Only one specimen in
A.G. Vorderman（ Snellen 1890: 292）. The specimen from
the NBC collection bears the label “Diard Borneo”, RMNH.
Sumatra, RMNH.INS.722490, also with a broader blue band, is
INS.383868. Tsukada（ 1991:335） recorded this nominotypical
certainly the one described by Snellen van Vollenhoven. This
subspecies clathrata from SW. Borneo.
specimen is a dark form of C. cocytina, seen in males from
Type specimens of South East Asian Adoliadini 73
Current name: Tanaecia clathrata clathrata（ Snellen van TL: Borneo.
Vollenhoven, 1862）
Comments
Euthalia alpheda dammermani Van Eecke, 1932 Snellen van Vollenhoven described Adolias Diardi based on a
　Euthalia alpheda dammermani Van Eecke 1932, Treubia 14: 4. female collected by P-M. Diard in Borneo. As the specimen
　Euthalia alpheda dammermani; Tsukada 1991, Butterflies S.E. Asian RMNH.INS.383977 is the only one with a label of “Diard
Isl. V（II）: 423. Borneo”, it will certainly be the holotype. The label with “♂”
was added by mistake probably by staff of the RMNH.
Type material. Lectotype hereby designated: 1♂, RMNH.
INS.384189, “Type / alpheda dammermanni v.E. [Van Eecke] / Current name: Cynitia cocytina ambalika（ Moore, [1858]） syn.
Dammerman Doerian Riow-Arch. VI 1923 / Museum Leiden nov.
Euthalia alpheda dammermanni Det: R.v.E. [R. van Eecke] ♂/
Euthalia（ Euthalia） mahadeva eeckei Yokochi ssp. nov.
Cat. No. 1 / RMNH.INS.384189”. LFW 32 mm.（ Figs. 27-28）
TL: Doerian Riow-Arch. [Durian Island, Riau Islands]. Type material. Holotype: ♀, RMNH.INS.384188, “Type /
Paralectotype: 1♀, RMNH.INS.384188, “Type / Dammerman Dammerman Doerian Riow-Arch. [Durian Island, Riau Islands]
Doerian Riow-Arch. VI 1923 / Museum Leiden Euthalia VI 1923 / Museum Leiden Euthalia alpheda dammermanni Det:
alpheda dammermanni Det: R.v.E. [R. van Eecke] ♀/ Cat. No. RvE [R. van Eecke] ♀/ Cat. No. 2 / RMNH.INS.384188”. LFW:
2 / RMNH.INS.384188”. LFW 37 mm（. Figs. 29-30） 37 mm. In NBC collection（. Figs. 29-30）
Comments TL: Doerian Riow-Arch. [Durian Island, Riau Archipel]
Van Eecke described the male and female characteristics for Paratypes: 1♂, RMNH.INS.960157, “Oct. 1995 Singkep Is.
Euthalia alpheda dammermanni without stating precisely how Lingga Isls. INDONESIA Coll. T. Yokochi / RMNH Museum
many specimens he saw. However, we can infer from the Leiden Ex coll. T. Yokochi Acq. 2015 / RMNH.INS.960157”.
original text that he described only 1♂ and 1♀. The syntypes LFW: 29.5 mm. In NCB collection（. Figs. 33-34）
actually belong to two different species: RMNH.INS.384189 is a 1♂, “Feb 1995 Singkep Is. INDONESIA Coll. T. Yokochi”.
male specimen of Euthalia alpheda（ Godart, 1824） and the LFW: 30 mm. In Yokochi collection.
female（ RMNH.INS.384188） belongs to Euthalia mahadeva Diagnosis
（Moore, 1859）. We hereby designate RMNH.INS.384189 as the E. mahadeva eeckei from Riau Islands is similar to E. mahadeva
lectotype of Euthalia alpheda dammermani Van Eecke, 1932. sakii de Nicéville, 1894 from Sumatra, but distinguished by the
RMNH.INS.384188, paralectotype of E. alpheda dammermani following characteristics: ♂, ground colour of underside dark,
Van Eecke, 1932, is described beow as a new subspecies of median black band on underside of both wings wider; ♀, larger
Euthalia mahadeva（ Moore, 1859）. white spots in spaces 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 on both sides of forewings,
submarginal sagittate black spots on both sides of fore- and
Current name: RMNH.INS.384189 Euthalia（ Euthalia） alpheda
hindwing larger, conspicuous. Length of forewing ♂ and ♀: 30
dammermani Van Eecke, 1932; RMNH.INS.384188 Euthalia
mm.
（Euthalia） mahadeva eeckei Yokochi ssp. nov.
Distribution
Adolias diardi Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1862 This subspecies is at present only known from the Durian and
Singkep islands of the Riau Archipel, Indonesia.
　Adolias Diardi Snellen van Vollenhoven 1862a, Tijdschr. Ent. 5: 188,
Etymology
pl. 10, fig. 2.
Named after Rudolf van Eecke（ 1886-1975）, curator of
　Adolias Diardi, Snellen van Vollenhoven 1862b, Versl. Meded. K.
Entomology at the RMNH between 1916 and 1933.
Acad. Wet. Natuurk. 13: 270.
　Cynitia Diardi; Moore [1897], Lep. Indica V. 3: 99. Adolias gandarva Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1862
　Euthalia（ Felderia） magnolia Staudinger [1897], Dt. Ent. Z. Iris （9 2）: 　Adolias Gandarva Snellen van Vollenhoven 1862a, Tijdschr. Ent. 5:
235 199, pl. 11, fig. 4.
　Tanaecia（ Cynitia） diardi; Fruhstorfer 1899, Berl. Ent. Z. 44: 133. 　Adolias gandarva（ ♀）; Butler [1869], Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1868: 607.
　Euthalia cocytina diardi; Fruhstorfer 1913, in Seitzʼs Gross-Schmett. 　Cynitia Gandava [sic]; Moore [1897], Lep. Indica V. 3: 99.
9: 661. 　Tanaecia（ Cynitia） gandava [sic]; Fruhstorfer 1899, Berl. Ent. Z. 44:
134.
Type material. Holotype: ♀, RMNH.INS.383977, “Diard
　Euthalia cocytina gandarva; Fruhstorfer 1913, in Seitzʼs Gross-
Borneo / Museum Leiden E. cocytina diardi Voll. [Snellen van
Schmett. 9: 662.
Vollenhoven] Det: vE. [van Eecke] / Diardi, Voll. [Snellen van
　Cynitia cocytina ambalika; Tsukada 1991, Butterflies S.E. Asian Isl. V
Vollenhoven] Type ♂ / Cat. No. 8 / Naturalis Biodiversity
（II）: 355.
Center HOLOTYPE ♀ Adolias Diardi Snellen van Vollenhoven,
1862 Tijdschr. Ent. 5: 188, pl.10, f. 2 / RMNH.INS.383977”. Type material. Syntypes: 1♀, RMNH.INS.383985, “Blume Java
LFW 34 mm（. Figs. 31-32） / Blume Java / Museum Leiden E. cocytina gandarva Voll.
74 M. E. Gassó Miracle and T. Yokochi
[Snellen van Vollenhoven] Det: vE. [van Eecke] / Cat. No. 1 / Current name: Cynitia cocytina ambalika（ Moore, [1858]）.
Holotype gefix[eerd]. d[oor]. Tox[opeus]. 1949. [Holotype
Lexias dirtea immaculata Snellen, 1890
established by Toxopeus]（ =♂ sec. Voll.!） / Adolias gandarva
　Lexias Dirtea var. immaculata Snellen 1890, Tijdschr. Ent. 33: 296.
Voll. type. T.v.E.V. [Tijdschrift voor Entomologie Vol. 5] p.199. /
　Adolias Dirtea ab. immaculata; Fruhstorfer 1898, Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 11:
Cynitia gandarva Voll. ♀/ Naturalis Biodiversity Center
207.
SYNTYPE ♀ Adolias Gandarva Snellen van Vollenhoven,
　Euthalia dirtea f. immaculata; Fruhstorfer 1913, in Seitzʼs Gross-
1862, Tijdschr. Ent. 5: 199, pl. 11, fig. 4 / RMNH.INS.383985”.
Schmett. 9: 689.
LFW 33 mm（. Figs. 35-36）
　Lexias aegle immaculata; DʼAbrera 1985, Butterflies Or. Reg.（ II）:
1♀, RMNH.INS.383986, “Blume Java / Blume Java / Museum
368.
Leiden E. cocytina gandarva Voll. [Snellen van Vollenhoven]
　Lexias immaculata; Tsukada 1991, Butterflies SE Asian Isl. V（II）:
Det: vE. [van Eecke] / Cat. No. 2 / Adolias gandarva Voll. ♀
390.
type. T.v.E.V. [Tijdschrift voor Entomologie Vol. 5] p.199. /
Naturalis Biodiversity Center SYNTYPE ♀ Adolias Gandarva Type material. Syntypes: 1♀, RMNH.INS.375467, “Belitong
Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1862, Tijdschr. Ent. 5: 199, pl. 11, fig. 1888 ♀ / Museum Leiden E. dirtea silawa Fruhst. Det. / Cat.
4 / RMNH.INS.383986”. LFW 36 mm（. Figs. 37-38） No. 6 / Naturalis Biodiversity Center SYNTYPE ♀ Lexias
1♀, RMNH.INS.383983, “Blume Java / Museum Leiden E. Dirtea immaculata Snellen, 1890 Tijdschr. Ent. 33: 296 / RMNH.
cocytina gandarva Voll. [Snellen van Vollenhoven] Det: vE. [van INS.375467”. LFW: 55 mm（. Figs. 43-44）
Eecke] / Cat. No. 3 / ♀ Cynitia ambalika Mre（. =gandarva Voll. 1♀, RMNH.INS.375468, “Belitong 1888 ♀ / Museum Leiden
T.v.E [Tijdschrift voor Entomologie] 1862 fig. nec text.） Det. E. dirtea silawa Fruhst. Det. / Cat. No. 1 / Dirtea var. Snellen zie
Tox. 1949 / Naturalis Biodiversity Center SYNTYPE ♀ Adolias opstel vlinders Billiton [see essay butterflies Billiton] / Naturalis
Gandarva Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1862, Tijdschr. Ent. 5: 199, Biodiversity Center SYNTYPE ♀ Lexias Dirtea immaculata
pl. 11, fig. 4 / RMNH.INS.383983”. LFW 36 mm（. Figs. 39-40） Snellen, 1890 Tijdschr. Ent. 33: 296 / RMNH.INS.375468”.
1♀, RMNH.INS.383987, “Blume Java / Museum Leiden E. LFW: 56 mm（. Figs. 45-46）
cocytina gandarva Voll. [Snellen van Vollenhoven] Det: vE. [van TL: Billiton [Belitung, Bangka-Belitung Islands].
Eecke] / Cat. No. 4 / Cynitia sp. Det. Tox. 1949（ =gandarva ♀
Comments
sec. Voll.） / Naturalis Biodiversity Center SYNTYPE ♀ Adolias
Snellen described immaculata based on “several specimens”
Gandarva Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1862, Tijdschr. Ent. 5: 199,
（Snellen 1890: 296） that were collected on the island of
pl. 11, fig. 4 / RMNH.INS.383987”. LFW 38 mm（. Figs. 41-42）
Belitung by A.G. Vorderman in 1888 and afterwards sent to
TL: Java [recte Borneo].
Leiden by M.C. Piepers. Two female specimens, RMNH.
Comments INS.375467 and RMNH.INS.375468, were first identified at the
Snellen van Vollenhoven described Adolias Gandarva based on RMNH as Adolias dirtea immaculata Snellen, although later
several specimens, without indicating how many nor their origin. they were labelled as silawa Frustorfer, 1913. Both specimens
However, he specified the type location as “Java” in his second belong to the type series.
publication on Adolias（ Snellen van Vollenhoven 1862b: 272）.
Current name: Lexias immaculata Snellen, 1890.
We consider all RMNH specimens of Gandarva labelled “Blume
Java” as syntypes. The type locality, however, should be Borneo, Adolias indras Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1862
not Java, as the figure in the original description（ pl. 11, fig. 4） 　Adolias Indras Snellen van Vollenhoven 1862a, Tijdschr. Ent. 5: 194,
depicts a female of Cynitia cocytina（ Horsfield, 1829） without a pl. 11, fig. 2
blue band on the hindwing. Tsukada（ 1991: 355） stated that 　Adolias Indras, Snellen van Vollenhoven 1862b, Versl. Meded. K.
gandarva is a Bornean female form of Cynitia cocytina ambalika Acad. Wet. Natuurk. 13: 271.
（Moore, [1858]）, with a violet band on the upper side of the 　Tanaecia pulasara; Butler [1869] Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1868: 612.
hindwing, but without the bluish band. Fruhstorfer（ 1899: 134） 　Tanaecia pulasara var. Indras; Distant 1886, Rhop. Malayana: 131,
also suspected that Borneo was probably the correct locality: pl. 18, fig. 9.
“Patria: Borneo（ ?）”. RMNH.INS.383986 is the specimen that 　Tanaecia Indras; Moore [1897], Lep. Indica V. 3: 84.
most resembles the figure in the original description. Snellen van 　Nora indras; Fruhstorfer 1899, Berl. Ent. Z. 44: 125.b hhn
Vollenhoven took this specimen for a male: “it is much darker 　Nora ramada; Butler 1901, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.（ 7）8: 365.
brown than the female and has a bluish shine on the outer edge 　Nora salia bipunctata f. indras; Fruhstorfer 1906b, Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 19
of the wings”（ Snellen van Vollenhoven 1862a: 200）. Toxopeus （3）: 115.
added a comment to the specimenʼs labels indicating the authorʼs 　Euthalia monina indras; Frustorfer 1913, in Seitzʼs Gross-Schmett. 9:
error （“ =♂ sec. Voll.!）”. Apparently, Toxopeus had chosen 666; DʼAbrera 1985, Butterflies Or. Reg.（ II）: 363; Tsukada 1991,
RMNH.INS.383985 as the “holotype” when he examined the Butterflies S.E. Asian Isl. V（II）: 427.
Adolias group during his visit to Leiden in 1949.
Material examined. 1♀, RMNH.INS.384087, “Type / Nord-
Type specimens of South East Asian Adoliadini 75
Borneo ex coll. Fruhstorfer / 76. Fruhstorfer Borneo sept. / 189, pl.10, fig.3.
Museum Leiden E. monina indras Voll. [Snellen van 　Adolias Ludekingii, Snellen van Vollenhoven 1862b, Versl. Meded. K.
Vollenhoven] Det: vE. [van Eecke] / Cat. No. 1 / RMNH. Acad. Wet. Natuurk. 13: 270.
INS.384087”. LFW 33.5 mm. 　Euthalia（ Felderia） cocytus; De Nicéville & Martin 1895, J. Asiatic
Soc. Bengal 64（3）: 421.
Comments
　Cynitia Ludekingii; Moore [1897], Lep. Indica V. 3: 99.
Snellen van Vollenhoven described Adolias Indras based on two
　Tanaecia（ Cynitia） cocytina; Fruhstorfer 1899, Berl. Ent. Z. 44: 133.
females from Borneo. According to the original description, both
　Euthalia cocytina; Fruhstorfer 1913, in Seitzʼs Gross-Schmett. 9: 661.
type specimens were preserved in the RMNH, but we could not
locate the syntypes. The only specimen of “indras” found in the Type material. Holotype: ♀, RMNH.INS.383940, “Type /
historical RMNH collection is not one of these syntypes. Ludeking Sumatra. / Museum Leiden E. cocytina ludekingi Voll.
According to its label, this specimen came to the NCB with the [Snellen van Vollenhoven] Det: vE. [van Eecke] / Cat. No. 3 /
Furhstorfer collection and is therefore of a much later date. The Adolias ludekingi Voll. Type, ?♀ T.v.E. V. [Tijdschrift voor
label of “76. Fruhstorfer Borneo sept.” is a round RMNH label Entomologie Vol. 5] p. 189. / Naturalis Biodiversity Center
and not an original Fruhstorfer label. In the original figure by HOLOTYPE ♀ Adolias Ludekingi Snellen van Vollenhoven,
Snellen van Vollenhoven（ 1862: pl. 11, fig. 2）, the female has 1862 Tijdschr. Ent. 5: 189, pl. 10, f. 3 / RMNH.INS.383940”.
distinct white sagittate and helmet-shaped spots, which are LFW 38 mm（ Figs. 49-50）
missing in the specimen RMNH.INS.384087, even though the TL: Sumatra.
identification label of Van Eecke reads “E. monina indras”. This
Comments
specimen is a syntype of Euthalia monina bipunctata f. stictica
Snellen van Vollenhoven described Adolias Ludekingii based on
Fruhstorfer, 1913（ see below）.
a female collected by E.W.A. Lüdeking in the highlands of
Tsukada（ 1991:427） assigned indras to a Western Borneo Padang, Sumatra. The NCB collection houses only one specimen
subspecies of Euthalia monina（ Fabricius, 1787）. of Ludekingii labelled “Ludeking Sumatra”, RMNH.INS.383940.
This taxon belongs to Cynitia cocytina（ Horsfield, 1829） and
Current name: Euthalia（ Euthalia） monina indras（ Snellen van
examination of the holotype proves ludekingii is a synonym of
Vollenhoven, 1862）.
cocytina.
Tanaecia interrupta Wegner, 1953
Current name: Cynitia cocytina cocytina（ Horsfield, 1829） syn.
　Tanaecia interrupta Wegner 1953, Idea 9: 50, fig. 1.
nov.
　Tanaecia trigerta interrupta; Tsukada 1991, Butterflies S.E. Asian Isl.
V（II）: 340. Tanaecia coelebs mulsus Tsukada, 1991
　Tanaecia coelebs mulsus Tsukada 1991, Butterflies S.E. Asian Isl. V
Type material. Holotype: ♀, RMNH.INS.383810, “HOLOTYPE
（II）: 333, pl. 39, figs. 18-20.
/ off W. Java P. [ulau] Panaitan IX 1951 Native coll. / Tanaecia
interrupta ♀ AMR Wegner HOLOTYPE! / Naturalis Type material. Paratype: 1♂, RMNH.INS.383871, “Tandjong
Biodiversity Center HOLOTYPE ♀ Tanaecia interrupta Pandan W. Billiton. +0 m. 17 xi ʻ36 F.J. Kuiper / Museum Leiden
Wegner, 1953, Idea 9: 50, f. 1 / RMNH.INS.383810”. LFW collectie F. J. Kuiper / clathrata / PARATYPE / Naturalis
35mm.（ Figs. 47-48） Biodiversity Center PARATYPE ♂ Tanaecia coelebs mulsus
TL: Panaitan [Panaitan Island, Banten]. Tsukada, 1991, Butterflies S.E. Asian Isl. V（II）: 333, pl. 39, fig.
19 / RMNH.INS.383871”. LFW 25.5 mm（. Figs. 51-52）.
Comments
TL（ Holotype）: Belitung [Bangka-Belitung Islands].
Wegner described Tanaecia interrupta based on a single female
from Panaitan Island, West Java. According to the original Comments
description the holotype specimen was housed in Bogor Tsukada（ 1991: 333） described mulsus as a subspecies of Tanaecia
（Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Bogor, Java, Indonesia） and coelebs Corbet, 1941 based on three males and one female from
it is now preserved in the NCB. The specimen RMNH. Belitung Island. NBC holds one male paratype, the other two are
INS.383810 corresponds with the figure in the original paper. now housed in the Yokochi collection. The whereabouts of the
The patterns on the wings, as well as the shape of the wings, legs holotype, unfortunately, are unknown. According to the ruling of the
and abdomen, match Wegnerʼs figure, although the shape of the ICZN（ Opinion 1990, 2002） against the conservation of the junior
antennae is different. Tsukada（ 1991: 340） classified it as a synonym Tanaecia coelebs Corbet, 1941, the specific name for
subspecies of Tanaecia trigerta（ Moore, [1858]） from Panaitan. mulsus is Tanaecia heringi Niepelt, 1935. Yokoch（i 2016） classified
mulsus as an independent species.
Current name: Tanaecia trigerta interrupta Wegner, 1953.
Current name: Tanaecia mulsus Tsukada, 1991.
Adolias ludekingii Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1862
　Adolias ludekingii Snellen van Vollenhoven 1862a, Tijdschr. Ent. 5: Adolias octogesima Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1862
76 M. E. Gassó Miracle and T. Yokochi
　Adolias octogesima Snellen van Vollenhoven 1862a, Tijdschr. Ent. 5: series and mislabelling occurred at some point. We hereby
193, pl. 10, fig. 5; pl. 11, fig. 1. designate the specimen RMNH.INS.384221 as a lectotype of
　Adolias octogesima, Snellen van Vollenhoven 1862b, Versl. Meded. K. Adolias octogesima Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1862. Moore
Acad. Wet. Natuurk. 13: 271. （[1898], Vol. 3: 129） and Tsukada（ 1991: 423, 427） considered
　Euthalia octogesima; Kheil 1884, Rhopal. Insel Nias: 26. octogesima a synonym of E. alpheda; while Fruhstorfer（ 1913:
　Euthalia Alpheda（ ♂）; Snellen 1895, Tijdschr. Ent. 38: 21. 666） considered it to be E. monina salia. After examination of
　Euthalia Salia（ ♀）; Snellen 1895, Tijdschr. Ent. 38: 21. the type we conclude that octogesima is indeed a synonym of
　Euthalia Alpheda; Moore [1898], Lep. Indica Vol. 3: 129. alpheda.
　Euthalia alpheda（ ♂）; Fruhstorfer 1899, Berl. Ent. 2, 44: 137.
Current name: Euthalia（ Euthalia） alpheda alpheda（ Godart,
　Euthalia salia（ ♀）; Fruhstorfer 1899, Berl. Ent. 2, 44: 158
1824）
（Nachschift）.
　Euthalia monina salia（ ♀）; Frusthorfer 1913, in Seitz, Gross- Adolias pardalis Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1862
Schmett. 9: 666.
　Adolias Pardalis Snellen van Vollenhoven 1862a, Tijdschr. Ent. 5:
　Euthalia alpheda alpheda; Tsukada 1991, Butterflies S.E. Asian Isl. V
197, pl. 11, fig. 5.
（II）: 425.
　Adolias Pardalis, Snellen van Vollenhoven 1862b, Versl. Meded. K.
Type material. Lectotype hereby designated: ♂, RMNH. Acad. Wet. Natuurk. 13: 272.
INS.384221, “VHuell [Q.M.R. Ver Huell] Java / Museum Leiden 　Tanaecia aruna; Butler [1869], Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1868: 611; Distant
E. alpheda alpheda Godt. Det. / Cat. No. 2 / RMNH. 1886, Rhop. Malayana, 132, pl. 15, fig. 7.
INS.384221”. LFW 32 mm.（ Figs. 53-54） 　Tanaecia pardalis; Moore [1897], Lep. Indica V. 3: 84.
TL: Java. 　Tanaecia pelea lutala; Fruhstorfer 1899, Berl. Ent. 2, 44: 127.
Paralectotypes: 1♀, RMNH.INS.384106, “Museum Leiden E. 　Tanaecia varuna; Butler 1901, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.（ 7）8: 359.
monina salia Moore Det: vE. [van Eecke] / Cat. No. 16 / type 　Tanaecia aruna pardalis; Fruhstorfer 1913, in Seitzʼs Gross-Schmett.
van octogesima Sn.v.Voll [Snellen van Vollenhoven] ? R.v.E. [R. 9: 655; DʼAbrera 1985, Butterflies Or. Reg.（ II）: 344; Tsukada, 1991
van Eecke] / RMNH.INS.384106”. LFW 37 mm（. Figs. 55-56） Butterflies S.E. Asian Isl. V（II）: 329.
1♂, RMNH.INS.384222, “Reinw [ardt]. Java / Museum Leiden
Type material. Syntypes: 1♂, RMNH.INS.383880, “Blume Java
E. alpheda alpheda Godt. Det. / Cat. No. 1 / RMNH.
/ Blume Java / Museum Leiden T. aruna pardalis Voll. [Snellen
INS.384222”. LFW 32 mm.（ Figs. 57-58）
van Vollenhoven] Det: vE. [van Eecke] / Cat. No. 1 / T. aruna
Additional material. 1♀, RMNH.INS.384098, “Midd. Java
pardalis Voll. ♂ Det. Tox.[opeus] 1949 HOLOTYPE, Voll.
Madioen [?] 1891 ♀ / “Museum Leiden E. monina salia Moore
T.v.E. [Tijdschrift voor Entomologie] 5 / Adolias pardalis Voll.
Det: vE. / Cat. No. 13 / origineel der afbeelding [original of the
type. T.v.E. V. [Vol. 5] p.197. / Naturalis Biodiversity Center
illustration]”.
SYNTYPE ♂ Adolias Pardalis Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1862
Comments Tijdschr. Ent. 5: 197, pl.11, f. 5 / RMNH.INS.383880”. LFW 31
According to the original description, the type specimens of mm.（ Figs. 59-60）
octogesima should be two males from Java and one female from 1♂, RMNH.INS.383808, “Blume Java / Museum Leiden T. aruna
Borneo. The figures of the male and female, however, belong to pardalis Voll. [Snellen van Vollenhoven] Det: vE. [van Eecke] /
two different species. The male figured in plate 10, fig. 5, is a Cat. No. 2 / T. pelea F.n. subsp. ♂ Det. Tox[opeus]. 1949（ = pard.
male of Euthalia alpheda（ Godart, 1824）, but it is difficult to var. Voll. T.v.E. [Tijdschrift voor Entomologie]1962） / Naturalis
confirm from the wing patterns whether it is indeed a Javanese Biodiversity Center SYNTYPE ♂ Adolias Pardalis Snellen van
form. The female in plate 11, fig. 1, belongs to Euthalia monina Vollenhoven, 1862 Tijdschr. Ent. 5: 197, pl.11, f. 5 / RMNH.
（Fabricius, 1787）, a female form from Java with a conspicuous INS.383808”. LFW 32 mm（. Figs. 61-62）
white band on the forewings. In the original description there TL: Java [recte Borneo].
has been misidentification as well as confusion regarding the
Comments
origin of the specimens. The specimens RMNH.INS.384221 and
Snellen van Vollenhoven described Pardalis based on two
RMNH.INS.384222 are the two male syntypes and belong to
specimens he assumed originated from Java. The original figure
Euthalia alpheda, while RMNH.INS.384106 is a Javanese
by Snellen van Vollenhoven（ pl. 11, fig. 5）, however, represents
female of Euthalia monina. Although it has no locality label
a Bornean specimen, therefore, the type locality should be
attached, it does match the figure of Snellen van Vollenhoven. In
Borneo instead of Java. Fruhstorfer already indicated in 1899（ p.
the old RMNH Catalogue, this specimen was recorded as E.
127） the confusion regarding the type locality: “N.S. Borneo
monina salia “type v. octogesima? Sn.v.V.” [type of octogesima?
（Java, Vollenhoven ex error）”. Toxopeus labeled specimen
Snellen van Vollenhoven]. A second female, collected in 1891
RMNH.INS.383880 as “holotype”. Tsukada（ 1991: 329）
（RMNH.INS.384098）, is labelled as “origineel der afbeelding”
classifies pardalis as a subspecies of Tanaecia aruna（ C. & R.
[original of the illustration]. This specimen is not part of the type