Two-Phase Heat Transfer

382 Pages·2021·17.863 MB·English

by  Mirza Mohammed Shah

Two-PhaseHeatTransfer
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Two-Phase Heat Transfer
Mirza Mohammed Shah
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataAppliedfor:
9781119618614(Hardback)
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Setin9.5/12.5ptSTIXTwoTextbySPiGlobal,Chennai,India
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
vii
Contents
Preface xvii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 ScopeandObjectivesoftheBook 1
1.2 BasicDefinitions 1
1.3 VariousModels 2
1.3.1 HomogeneousModel 2
1.3.2 SeparatedFlowModels 2
1.3.3 FlowPattern-BasedModels 3
1.4 ClassificationofChannels 3
1.4.1 BasedonPhysicalDimensions 3
1.4.2 BasedonCondensationStudies 3
1.4.3 BasedonBoilingFlowStudies 4
1.4.4 BasedonTwo-ComponentFlow 4
1.4.5 Discussion 5
1.4.6 Recommendation 5
1.5 FlowPatternsinChannels 5
1.5.1 HorizontalChannels 5
1.5.1.1 DescriptionofFlowPatterns 5
1.5.1.2 FlowPatternMaps 6
1.5.2 VerticalChannels 7
1.5.3 InclinedChannels 7
1.5.4 Annuli 8
1.5.5 Minichannels 8
1.5.6 HorizontalTubeBundleswithCrossflow 9
1.5.7 VerticalTubeBundles 10
1.5.8 EffectofLowGravity 10
1.5.9 Recommendations 12
1.6 HeatTransferinSingle-PhaseFlow 12
1.6.1 FlowInsideChannels 12
1.6.2 VerticalTube/RodBundleswithAxialFlow 13
1.6.3 VariousGeometries 14
1.6.4 LiquidMetals 14
1.7 CalculationofPressureDrop 14
1.7.1 Single-PhasePressureDropinPipes 14
1.7.2 Two-PhasePressureDropinPipes 15
1.7.3 AnnuliandVerticalTubeBundles 17
1.7.4 HorizontalTubeBundles 17
1.7.5 Recommendations 17
viii Contents
1.8 CalculationofVoidFraction 17
1.8.1 FlowInsidePipes 17
1.8.2 FlowinTubeBundles 18
1.8.3 Recommendations 18
1.9 CFDSimulation 18
1.10 GeneralInformation 19
Nomenclature 19
References 20
2 HeatTransferDuringCondensation 25
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 CondensationonPlates 25
2.2.1 NusseltEquations 25
2.2.2 ModificationstotheNusseltEquations 26
2.2.3 CondensationwithTurbulentFilm 27
2.2.4 CondensationonUndersideofaPlate 27
2.2.5 Recommendations 28
2.3 CondensationInsidePlainChannels 28
2.3.1 LaminarCondensationinVerticalTubes 28
2.3.2 TheOnsetofTurbulence 28
2.3.3 PredictionofHeatTransferinTurbulentFlow 29
2.3.3.1 AnalyticalModels 29
2.3.3.2 CFDModels 30
2.3.3.3 EmpiricalCorrelations 30
2.3.3.4 CorrelationsApplicabletoBothMacroandMinichannels 34
2.3.4 Recommendation 41
2.4 CondensationOutsideTubes 41
2.4.1 SingleTube 41
2.4.1.1 StagnantVapor 41
2.4.1.2 MovingVapor 42
2.4.2 BundlesofHorizontalTubes 42
2.4.2.1 VaporEntryfromTop 42
2.4.2.2 VaporEntryfromSide 44
2.4.3 Recommendations 44
2.5 CondensationwithEnhancedTubes 44
2.5.1 CondensationonOutsideSurface 44
2.5.1.1 SingleTubes 44
2.5.1.2 TubeBundles 46
2.5.2 CondensationInsideEnhancedTubes 47
2.5.3 Recommendations 49
2.6 CondensationofSuperheatedVapors 49
2.6.1 StagnantVaporonExternalSurfaces 49
2.6.2 ForcedFlowonExternalSurfaces 49
2.6.3 FlowinsideTubes 50
2.6.4 Plate-TypeHeatExchangers 50
2.6.5 Recommendations 51
2.7 MiscellaneousCondensationProblems 51
2.7.1 CondensationonStationaryCone 51
2.7.2 CondensationonaRotatingDisk 51
2.7.3 CondensationonRotatingVerticalCone 52
2.7.4 CondensationonRotatingTubes 52
2.7.5 Plate-TypeCondensers 53
Contents ix
2.7.5.1 Recommendation 54
2.7.6 EffectofOilinRefrigerants 54
2.7.6.1 Recommendation 55
2.7.7 EffectofGravity 55
2.7.7.1 SomeFormulasforZeroGravity 55
2.7.7.2 ExperimentalStudies 55
2.7.7.3 Conclusion 55
2.7.8 EffectofNon-condensableGases 56
2.7.8.1 PredictionMethods 56
2.7.8.2 Recommendation 57
2.7.9 FloodinginUpflow 57
2.7.10 CondensationinThermosiphons 58
2.7.11 CondensationinHelicalCoils 58
2.8 CondensationofVaporMixtures 59
2.8.1 PhysicalPhenomena 59
2.8.2 PredictionMethods 60
2.8.3 Recommendation 61
2.9 LiquidMetals 61
2.9.1 StagnantVapors 61
2.9.2 InterfacialResistance 62
2.9.3 MovingVapors 62
2.9.4 Recommendation 62
2.10 DropwiseCondensation 63
2.10.1 PredictionofModeofCondensation 63
2.10.2 TheoriesofDropwiseCondensation 63
2.10.3 MethodstoGetDropwiseCondensations 63
2.10.4 SomeExperimentalStudies 64
2.10.5 PredictionofHeatTransfer 64
2.10.6 Recommendations 66
Nomenclature 66
References 67
3 PoolBoiling 77
3.1 Introduction 77
3.2 NucleateBoiling 77
3.2.1 MechanismsofNucleateBoiling 77
3.2.1.1 BubbleAgitation 77
3.2.1.2 Vapor–LiquidExchange 77
3.2.1.3 EvaporativeMechanism 78
3.2.2 BubbleNucleation 78
3.2.2.1 InceptionofBoiling 78
3.2.2.2 BubbleNucleationCycle 79
3.2.2.3 ActiveNucleationSiteDensity 81
3.2.2.4 Recommendations 81
3.2.3 CorrelationsforHeatTransfer 81
3.2.3.1 ConclusionandRecommendation 83
3.2.4 MulticomponentMixtures 83
3.2.4.1 PhysicalPhenomena 83
3.2.4.2 PredictionofHeatTransfer 84
3.2.4.3 Recommendation 86
3.2.5 LiquidMetals 86