TWO NEW VITIS (VITACEAE) FROM MOUNTAINOUS MEXICO

8 Pages·1991·3 MB·English

by  Barry L Comeaux

,
TWO NEW VITIS (VITACEAE)
FROM MOUNTAINOUS MEXICO
BARRY COMEAUX
L.
Galveston College
4015 AvenueQ
Galveston, TX 77350, U.S.A.
ABSTRACT
Twonewspecies,VilahlooclunrthicaiaandV''.jaegeruina,aredescribedandcomparedro
rhetwomostsimdarspeciesinseriesOcachntcilei. Vitishloodworthtanawasfoundonlyat
highelevations(1820—2360m)intheSierraMadrcOccidentalinthestatesofSinaloaand
Durango,andV.jaegerianaoccurredinsimilar,highelevationsintheSierraMadreOriental
ofSanLuisPotosi.
ri-sumi-:n
Dosespecicsnuevas,Vili.shlooduorthuinuy\'.jatgeriana,sondescritasycomparadascon
lasdosespecics massimilaresen laserieOaukntales. Seencontroa ViSisbloodworthiana
solamenteen altitudes mayores(1820—23')9m)en laSierraMadreOccidentaldelos
estadosdeSinaloayDurango;asimisrnoVitnjaegeriana,ocurrioenaltitudesmayores,pero
enlaSierraMadreOrientaldelestadodeSanLuis, Potosi.
TwonewspeciesofVitis{Vitaceae)werefoundinmountainousregionsof
centralandwesternMexico. Theclosestspeciesmorphologicallytothese
listed by Standley(1924) forMexicoappears to be V. arizonica Engelm.
ThesespeciesbelongtoseriesOccidentalesMunson, whichischaracterized
byhavingleaveswithsmallstipules(1—3mmlong), smallfruit(4—11
mmdia.)andfloweringduringmidseasonwhengrownalongwithother
species (Munson 1909). Series Occidentales includes western North
Americanspecies:V,arizonicaEngelm., V.caiijornicaBentham,V.girdiana
Mtmson and V. treleaseiMunson. Table 1 providesacomparisonbetween
the newspeciesandthetwomostsimilarspeciesinseriesOccidentales, V.
arizonicaand V. treleasei.
NootherspeciesofNorthAmericanVitis,exceptV.rotundifoliaMichx.
V. mnnsonianaPlanchonexMunsonandV. monticolaBuckleyarcknownto
bearfruitwithlenticels(Munson 1909).Fruitwithfewer,lessconspicuous
lenticelswereobservedonsomeindividualsofV. treleaseiandV. arizonica
duringstudies(Table2).Bothnewspeciesbearfruitwithlenticels.Fruitof
V^ bloodworthianaobservedfrom numerousvines inrhefield, consistently
werecoveredwithsmall,circular,tanlenticelsthatwerelessobviousasthe
fruit ripenedand became black. Similarlenticelsoccurred on fruit ofV.
jaegeriana, although in somevines the lenticels were notconspicuous.
SiDA l4(3):459-466. 1991.
460
NHW TAXA
Vriis Hi.ooowoRTHiANA Comcaux, sp. nov. Fig. 1.
(faillesan^t^ularcsccnsteres,glabrcscfnttsadintcriLliimpuhtruli,striari,sineIcnticcllis;
apicesct folia immariiramanitcstecoloracacumpigmc-ntum rubrum. Folia picrumtjiic
intcrdumsinelobaca,longa-cordiformaadferedcltoidea,longa-acumminata,cordataad
lere truncata lobi laterales intcrdum divergentes acutati ad acuminari; lamina marura
glabratalimitataadvenaeprimariaseraxillares.Bacxaenigrae,glaucae,6—11mmdiam.;
tactaecum lenticelliscirculatesfulvae;semina v5^^mmlonga, 3^3.') mmlara.
Vinesto^lOm,stemsoncurrentseasongrowrhglabrescentoroccasional-
lypubescentthenturningglabrescent,striatecl;branchletsangled,becom-
ing terete; internodes 3— 16 cm long; nodes rarely encircled with red
pigmentation;pithinterruptedatnodesbyadiaphragm2—3mmthick;
bark brown, shredding during second season growth; lenticcls absent;
growingtipsglabroustoglabrescent, occasionallypubescent,withwhite
totantrichomes, notenvelopedbyyoungleaves,ordinanlytipsandhnnia-
iNW leavesprominently coloredwith redpigmentation\ bud scales glabrous to
pubescent, 3~4 mm long, brown. Leaves Umg-cordijorm to nearly lon^-
deltoid. Hat, usually3-lobed,withlaterallobesacutetoacummate, often
divergent, apex long aanminate, base cordate to nearly truncate, lateral
sinuses acute (rcxmded on ground shoots); margins serrate to nearly
crenate,withteeth0.5~3mmlong,orientedperpendicularlytomargin,
towards apex or base, triangularor with concave orconvex sides, occa-
sionally ciliate, with veins extendmg beyond teeth, midrib with 4—7,
usually6j:)airsofprominentveins;laminaglabrousonbothsurfacesojmature
leaves, except for simple, straight, pointed trichomes and arachnose
trichomes on primary veins and vem axils, 7—13 cm wide, 9—17 cm
long; petiolesglabrous topuberulenr, striated, 3^10cm long;stipules
brown, glabrous to pubescent, 1—1.5 mm wide, 1—2.5 mm long,
caducous;pubescencewhitetotan,consistingofstraight,pointed,simple
trichomes and arachnose trichomes. Tendrils and inflorescences absent
every third node, tendrils bifurcate or tnfurcate, to 20 cm long.
Inflorescences 1—8 cm long, peduncles 1.2—4.5 cm long, shoulder
s1ma—l4l,.5tacn.mclirocnugl.arFlleontwiecerlss,n0o.t6ob—se1r.v1edc.mFirnuidtiaamebetrerry;,sbklianckt,hignl;apuucloupsclweiatr,h
greenishtopurplish.Seedsbrown,irregularinshape,ovatetonearlypyri-
form, 3-3-5 mmwide, 3.5—5 mm long.
Typf.:MEXICO.Duranco:16.^kmWofDelDiabloand^'^.^kmliofTropicofCancer
viaHwy40,2,300m, IJul 1986,Comeaux4219(hoi.otvfi;:SMU;iscriYPRs:MEXU,
FH).
HwPyar4a0t,yp2,ls1.74Dmu,ra1nJoulo:193H96.kCmomWeauoxf4De2l14Di(aSbMlUo);an_d^7.143kkmmWEooffTDreolpiDciaolf^lCoaancnedr,14v.i6a
46
FIG. I.TypespecimenofVtlishlmulwdrthtana(Cimeaiix42!9).
462
aaCWHk1onn,mnwddi9yio9i'04f;0c,24io2DH01fmXe,,Tkl14rm2o2(,D1p1SiWiJ1M6auco1Ubl3fo(l)TfoS;m1rMC,9aaoU58nn2)6p1dc.,;iJe0curC12lo8ko2vf.m.mi16Cea69aa8WHkku6nwmx,mcyoe4CEfWr2o4vDm10oef,ie2olaaTf2j(Hr,DDLSowi1expMay4li4Ub3c2)4lD1;0omoiH,,fa4ab(Cn91l1Sad.,oJMn68uUc52al)ek00nr.md1mm9v,S82iWi69aJWn,u.aHl4olCfowoo1kfa,yDm:mTem1rl459ouE028pDx,.6iio43,cfa22bk,CCT1l2oarmoo3mn5pc6eaW(ieanScrmudM,xooUvf2fi4).aD12;C4e0aJHl93unkw3,lcDm.eyi44r1aE294bkv1H0liom0,6oaf
TropicofCancerviaHwy40, 2,150m, 1Jul 1986,Comea/^x4213(GA,SMU).
TahiI 1.ComparisonoffourspeciesofseriesOccnienlalesMunson.
(Character \(hloiidivitrthiana V.jaegeriana V,eirizoniai V.Irekaset
(11VinesSampledX11VinesSampIed)(I2VinesSampledK15VinesSampled)
1.Leaveslohed usually *rarely usually usually
2 Leavespubescent
abaxialsurface gt^pr\pb' gs,gt,pr,pb gs
adaxialsurface gs gs,gt gs,pr,pb gs
3.Leafindex
(wuith/Length)
mean 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9
range 0.5-0.9 0.6-0.9 0.8-1.1 0.7-1.1
4.Teethnumber
(for1side
ofleaf)
mean 27 20 21 30
range 20-41 15-27 14-26 13-30
y Midrib|iairs
[lerleaf
mean 5.4 4.3 4.0 4.0
range 4-7 4-5 3-5 3-5
6, liasalsinuswidth
(indegrees)
mean 107 77 73 79
range 70-170 30-150 **-30-175 -1-150
7.Stemspubescent «^'gt,pr,[-b pr,pb pr,pb gs,gt,pr
8.Stemtipsptilx-scent g.s,gt,pr pb gt,pr,pb gt,pr,pb
y.Sptuebmesctiepncecolor («)',(w)'",re',t" (w),t,ru' w,(re) w,g,re
10.Stemtipenvelopes1
byleaves n'",f^' n,f f,sl'^ n.LsLst''
11.Lpeuabfesacnedncsetecmolor w,t w,t,ru w w
4231----ggpptsrb ===== ggpprllauuraabbebbeelrrrsyeoucsuleocsebnenstntetrved 8967)•--------gwrtreu ==^== gwrtreuarhdfneieetsnecent 11112301-------sSfnit ==== ssfnlateiirgngoathntltgiyllvyye
*C)nlytwoleaveswereobservedfromdifferentvinesoutofmanyindividualsexaminedinthef'lekl
**Negativevaltiesrelatetocaseswhereleafbasesoverlapped.
.
463
Tabli;2.SpecimensofVilaarizonicaandV./releaserexaminedincomparisonwithhluoclworthianaand
jaegeriana
VcnsARIZONICAlingelm.ARIZONA.CochiseCo.:9.6kmSofSierraVistaonCarrCanyonRd.,
1,500m,5Jul1986,Comea!ix4236,4237.423H.42.59,4240and424/(SMU).SantaCruzCo.:28
kmSofSonoitaviaHwy83,1,500m,5Jul1986,Cow^^z/.v4242(SMU);28.5kmSofSonoitaviaHwy
8m.,3,51J,u5l8019m8,6,5CJoumlea1i9i86x,42C4o5me(aSiMrUx)4;24h}kamndW42of4!4;,(cSiMryU)l;imi1t.s0iknmNoNgla;leosfNvioagaHlwesyv8i2a,H1w,y17582m,,15,2J0u0l
198V6i,TiCsoTmReHaiu.ExAS4E2i46M.un4s2o4n7.aAnRdI4Z2O4HNA(SMMUa)r.icopaCo:FishCreekHillbridgeviaHwy85,NWof
LNoEstWDuMtEcXhImCaOn.StC.atParrokn,C7o0.:04m,km6NJuElo1f9A86r,agOomnnvaiiaixHw4y2491.2,422,5100.04m2,514.Ju4l2512986a,ndCo4m2e5a3ux(S4M2U2)6..
4227and4228(SMU);3kmNEofAragonviaHwy12,2,075m,4Jul1986,Comeaux4229(SMU).
SocorroCo.:1.5kmdownstreamfromWaterCanyonCampgroundbetweenstreamandroad,Cibola
NationalForest,2,180m,4Jul 1986,Comeaux4220.4221.4222.4223.4224and4225(SMU).
ThisspeciesisnamedinhonorofRJ. Bloodworth(1950-),grapebree-
derandfellowstudentunderthedirectionofthelateW.B.Nesbitt.Jeffis
acknowledged for his assistance in the author's research, willingness to
share his great knowledge, and for his devotion to the vine. Also, the
epithetbloodworthianaseemsappropriateasthedark-redgrowingtipsand
young leaves thatcharacterize thisspeciesaredistinctive intheseries.
V/V/i bloodworthiana was found only at highelevations(1,820—2,359
m) in pine forests within the Sierra dc las Ventanas mountains, Sierra
MadreOccidental,inDurangoandSinaloa.Annualrecipitationis40—80
cm and minimum temperatures range from -10° to 0°C(Rzedowski &
Huerta 1978). This species occurs in dry or relatively moist, but well-
drainedsites,withoutsympatricspecieso^Vitis.Morefieldstudiesarenee-
ded toascertaintheoveralldistributionofV. bloodworthiana.
The long-cordiform leaves, as indicated by thesmall leafindexvalues
(Table I)forV. bloodworthianaand V. jaegeriana,easilyseparatethesefrom
the two similar species in series Occidmtales. Vitis bloodworthiana differs
fromV.jaegerianainhavingmoreteethandpairsoflateralveinsperleaf,
consistentlybroaderbasalsinuses,andthedarkred-coloredpigmentation
ingrowingtipsandyoungleaves. Allofthenearly70seedlingsgrownin
containersoutdoorsatGalvestonCollegefromonecollectionofV. blood-
li'orthiana {Comeaux4213) easily were differentiated within two months
aftergermination from seedlings ofnumerousotherspecies ofVitis, in-
cludingV. treleaseiandV.arizonica, bytheirbrilliantredgrowingtipsand
long-cordiform leaves. Four seedlings grown for one season, each with
stemsover2 minlength, weredistinguishedreadilyfromabout300in-
dividualsofsimilarsize, representing numerousspeciesand hybrids, by
theirredgrowingtipsandvariousdegreesofredpigmentationinallma-
ture leaves.
464
ViTisjAFXiERiANA Comcaux, sp. nov. Fig. 2.
Caulcsant,aiiatcscen.steres,pubcruliobscuraadconspica,striati,sineIcnticcllis.Folia
sineiobaripierumque,lon^a-cordiforma,long-accuminara,cordata,laminamaturasupra
glabrasadglabrescentes,infrapuberulilevitcradmodice,alinquandoglabresccntc,tricho-
matatulvaandterruginea,velalba.Baccaenigrac,glaucae,6-11mmdiam.,tectaecum
lenticelliscircularcstulvae;semina35—5mmlonga, ^~5mmlata.
Vinesto7 m,stemsoncurrentseasongrowthpuberulanttopubescent;
striated; branchletsangled becoming terete; internodes .^—10 cm long;
nodesfaintlytoconspicuouslyencircled with redpigmentation, pith in-
terruptedatnodesbyadiaphragm2—3mmthick;barkbrown,shredding
duringsecondseasongrowth,lenticelsabsent;growingtipspubescent,tan
orrufescent,occasionallywhite,notenvelopedbyyoungleaves;budscales
pubescent, 2—3 mmlong, brown. Leaveslong-cordiform, flat, rarelylohed,
then lobes acute, apexUmg-acmmnate, base cordate, lateral sinuses acute
(when present); margm serrate, with teeth 0.5—3 mm long, oriented
perpendiculartomargin, towardsapexorbase, triangularorwithconvex
sides,ciliate,withorwithoutveinsextendingbeyondteeth,midribwith4
to7pairsofprominentveins;laminawithglabroustoglabrescentadaxial
surfacesonmatureleaves, abaxialsurfacespubescenttopuberulent,occa-
sionallyglabrescentonmatureleaves,notglaucous,withorwithouttufts
oftrichomes in axils ofmajor veins, 4—10 cm wide, 6—15 cm long,
petioles pubescent to puberulent, faintly striated, 1.3—7.5 cm long;
stipules brown, pubescent to puberulent, 1—1.5 mm wide, 1—3 mm
long, caducous; pubescence tawny, rufescent or white, consisting of
straight, pointed, simpletrichomesorarachnosetrichomes. Tendrilsand
mflorescences absent every third node, bifurcate, to 20 cm long. In-
florescences 1.2—5.8 cm long, peduncles0.6—4.7 cm long, shoulders
0.2—2.3 cm long, occasionally replaced by a tendril. Flowers not
observed. Fruitaberry, black, glaucous, withsmall, tan. circularlenticels,
0.6— 1.1 cmindiameter;skinthinpulpcleartopurplish. Seedsbrown,
irregular in shape, ovate to nearly pyriform 3—5 mm wide, 4-5 mm
long.
Typi;:MEXICO.SanLuisFotosi:86.7kmWofjet.Hwy70and69inRioVcrdc,
2,1F5a0ram,rvp2i:4s:ASuagnL1u9i8s7,PoCioomseia:i/9x4.466HkIm(Wnoi.oofrjvepti;H:wySM7U0;anid.so6t9ypei;ns:RiMoEVXerUd,e,P2H,)4.00m,
27Jun 1986,Comeaux4176. 4177and4I7S(SMU);75.7km I.e., 1,9.38m, 28Jun
1986,Cumea/LX4206(SMU);92.6km I.e., 1,815m,24Aug 1987,Comeaux4674-7
(SMU);86.7km I.e., 2,150m, 24Aug 1987,Comeaux4679,4680(SMU).
This species is named for the grape breeder, Hermann Jaeger
(1844- 1895>), Neosho, Missouri (Smith 1962). Thomas V. Munson
(1843—1913), the world renowned grape breeder, referred toJaeger as
465
FIG.2.TypespecimenotVitisjaegeriana(Coinmiix4(yHI]
.
466
"myesteemed co-worker" who"formorethantwentyyearshunt[ed}and
hybridizeCd] grapes" (Munson 1900). A grateful French government
awardedJaeger the Cross ofthe Legion ofHonor m 1889 for his con-
tributionstowardssavingtheFrenchwineindustry, previouslydevastated
bythephylloxerarootlouse(Smith 1962).Hermannandhisbrother,John
Jaegar sent millions ofgrape cuttings to France as phylloxera resistant
rootstocksforthe native French varieties.
Vitisjaegeriatuiwasfoundonlyathighelevations(1815—2400m)inthe
SierradeJuarezmountains,SierraMadreOriental,inSanLuisPotosi.Veg-
etation at the collection sites is dominated hyJ/miperus spp. Minimum
temperatureand annual precipitationaresimilartothosereported for V.
hloodu'orthiana(Rzedowsik,J. andL. Huerta 1978). Vitisjaegerianaoccu-
piesrelativelydriersitesthantheformerspecies,andalsohasnoassociated
sympatric species ofVitis. Additional field work is needed toclarify the
distribution of W.jaegeriana
Leaves of V. jaegeriana examined during field work consistently were
withoutanylobing,exceptforafewisolatedleavesobservedonlyontwo
vines. This charactereasily separates iffrom V. hloodworthiana, the only
speciesinseriesOccitkntakssimilarlong-cordiformleaves.Anotherdistinc-
tivefeatureofV.jaegerianaisthegenerallytanpubescenceongrowingtips,
and young stemsand leaves.
ACKNOWl.lUXiI'MIiNIS
TheauthorisgratefulfortheassistanceofC.O. Focrster,JrandDr. W.
L. HagcrmanduringfieldstudiesinAugust 1987,andalsofortheassist-
anceofDr R R. Fantz in thepreparationofthis manuscript.
Ri;ii:RnNc;FS
MUNSON,TV. 1900. Americangrapes.TexasAgricukuralKxt.Sra. Bull. 56.
1909.FoundationsofAmericangrapeculture.T.V.MunsonandSon,Deni-
son,Texas.
RZEDOWSIK,J.andL. Huerta 1978. VegetaciontieMexico.HdicorialLimus,Mexico,
D.H
SMITH, G. 1962. Amanwhovanishedintothinairafterrevolutionizinganindustry.
EveningPress,(larthage,Missouri. Nov. 10:7.
STANDLHY,V.C 1920-1926.TreesandshrubsofMexico.ClontrU.S.Natl.Herb.23.