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American Fern 97(2):107-112 Journal (2007) New Two from Species of Pleopeltis (Polypodiaceae) Andean America South Michael Sundue A. New Institute of Systematic Botany, The York Botanical Garden, 200th St. and Southern Blvd.. NY [email protected] Bronx, 10458-5126, U.S.A., e-mail: — and owophila new. Abstract. Pleopeltis orientalis P. are described as Pleopeltis orientalis is restricted to the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia. resembles the South American species It Pleopeltis fraseri (Mett. ex Kuhn) A. R. Sm. and Pleopeltis remota (Desv.) A. R. Sm. Pleopeltis oreophila found interandean valleys of northern Peru. resembles Pleopeltis pyenocarpa in (C. is It m Sm. and Polypodium segregate Hook. Chr.) A. R. During taxonomic work on Andean found two species of Pleopeltis ferns, I members what was here described as new. Both are of formerly referred to as Polypodium subg. Marginaria (Bory) C. Chr., that the scaly species of is, Polypodium. This group was previously treated in part by de Sota (1966) and la Maxon Morphological and molecular data (Windham, 1993; (1916a, 1916b). Schneider 2004) suggest that these species belong with Pleopeltis instead et a/., Some new made Polypodium sensu combinations have already been of stricto. (Windham, 1993; Kessler and Smith, 2005) and others are pending a revision of the limits of Pleopeltis by Alan Smith (A. R. Smith, pers. com.). For this compared reason, the species described here are to other species of Pleopeltis and Polypodium. The species of Polypodium discussed herein will eventually be transferred Pleopeltis. to — Mun. Sundue, TYPE. Colombia. Santander: nov. Pleopeltis orientalis sp. Vetas, of Vetas, 3100-3200 m, open rocky hillsides, 16-20 Jan 1927, vie. & NY; A-D. Killip Smith 17295 (holotype: isotype: US). Fig. 1 Rhizomata dense squamosa, squamis distinctebicoloribus, parte centrali fascia mm squamae ad crassa nigrescenti indurata lanceolata 0.6 lata ornata, partibus mm fasciam parallelis pallide brunneolis, tenuibus, 0.3-0.5 latis, saepe aetate X marginibus squamae Laminae 7.0-19.0 6.5-9.5 cm, denticulatis. erosis, basem coriaceae, 1-pinnatisectae, ovatae vel triangulares, ad latissimae et truncatae, ad apicem acutae; superficies abaxiales laminae dense squamosae, mm, X squamis 1.5-2.0 0.7-1.0 peltatim luminibus subocclu- affixis, clathratis, maximam brunneam brunneolis, partem concoloribus praeter insertionem sis, basem ad ad atque margines subhyalinas, ovatis vel lanceolato-ovatis, rotundatis, apicem marginibus dentibus simplicibus vel acutis, denticulatis, bifidis. mm Plants epipetric. Rhizome long-creeping, 3-6 wide, densely scaly, the mm, X 3.5-4.0 1.2-1.6 loosely appressed, lanceolate, distinctly scales peltate, bicolorous, the central portion with a thick, blackish, indurate, lanceolate, mm on wide, the outer portions of the scale either side of the stripe stripe 0.6 AMERICAN FERN VOLUME NUMHER JOURNAL: 108 07 2 (2007) A-D. Fig. 1. Pleopeltis orientalis A. habit. B. rhizome scale. C. laminar scale;. D. abaxial lamina detail [Killip fr Smith 17295 NY). E-H, Pleopeltis oreophila E. habit F. rhizome scale (Sagdstegui et Leiva 12531 MO). G. abaxial lamina detail. laminar scale [Sagastegui Loiva 15422 UC). II. fr TWO NEW OF FROM SOUTH AMERICA UNDUE: SPECIES PLEOPELTIS 109 S mm margin 0.3-0.5 wide, often eroded in age, the denticulate. light tan, thin, X Fronds monomorphic. 5-15 0.5- Phyllopodia Petioles short, indistinct. mm, brown sometimes purple-brown, strami- 2.0 adaxially grooved, to or neous, moderately to densely scaly, the scales similar to those of the laminar x Laminae 7.0-19.0 6.5-9.5 cm, 1-pinnatisect, coriaceous, yellowish- axes. brown in dried specimens, ovate to triangular, widest at the base, the base X cm, 8-16 even- truncate, the apex acute; pinnae 2.0-5.5 0.3-0.5 pairs, linear, me and pinnae ascending, the distal lial pinna bases adnate, the acroscopic margin of the pinna base often slightly sunken and provided with dark-colored folded toward the abaxial side a most nectary, the pinna apices acute, the pinna margins entire for of their few notched the adaxial lamina surfaces glabrous except for a length, distally, scattered scales along the adaxial costae, these scales similar to those of the sunken laminar white- hydathodes present, into the tissue, abaxial axes, X 0.7- encrusted; abaxial lamina surfaces densely scaly, the scales 1.5-2.0 mm, lamina occluded, 1.0 peltately attached, clathrate, the partially light- brown, concolorous except the dark-brown point of attachment essentially for and somewhat hyaline edges, ovate to lanceolate-ovate, the base rounded, mar the teeth simple or bifid, the scales , mm, of the axes tending to differ by being up to 3.5 X1.5 lanceolate, and being portion dark-brown, the scale apices long- bicolorous, the central one row between Veins obscured by the thick lamina. Sori in the attenuate. mar 3)10-14 per pinna, obscured by pairs when Spore ami young, confluent maturity. color scales partially at unknown. — among Colombia, on rocks and Habitat. Cordillera Oriental of or Distribution open rocky slopes and thickets along streams, from 2250-3250 m. in named Colombia Etymology.—This species after the Cordillera Oriental of to is which apparently confined. is it — Mun COLOMBIA. Boyaca: Additional specimens examined. Mun km Gomeza 7-10 E Socha, 6° N, 72° 55 slope south of Rio (Rio Arobispo), of W Nov 22305 and brushy 3050-3070 m, 11 1944, Fosberg (US); ravines, Cundinamarca: Mun. Suesca, en parte inferior de las rocas, 2600 m, 2 Jun la Mun. Acosta-Artega 424 (NY); Santander: Vetas, vie. of Vetas, thickets 1974, & along stream, 3100-3250 m, 16 Jan 1927, Killip Smith 17356 (NY). — rhizome The sharply bicolorous scales of Discussion. characteristic Sm. and (Kuhn) with Pleopeltis fraseri A. R. Pleopeltis orientalis ally it Sm. South America, and with Central Pleopeltis remota (Desv.) A. R. of & Polypodium plebeium American and Mexican such Schltdl. species as Cham, and Polypodium madrense Sm. from these by having densely differs It J. scaly abaxial lamina surfaces, laminar scales that are ovate to lanceolate-ovate By and and pinnae that are narrow, and spreading to ascending. clathrate, AMERICAN KERN VOLUME NUMBER 110 JOURNAL: 97 2 (2007) comparison, South American other species in this group are usually sparsely on Some scaly the laminae specimens abaxially. of Pleopeltis from fraseri northern Ecuador and the Cordillera Central Colombia moderately of are scaly. These plants could be confused with Pleopeltis orientalis, but they differ by having wider and pinnae, darker-brown lamina scales that have a narrow, attenuate apex, arising from an expanded The scale base. spore color of unknown Pleopeltis orientalis because character herbarium is this lost in is specimens of Pleopeltis. For example, the spores of Pleopeltis wiesbaurii when (Sodiro) Lellinger are green fresh (M. Sundue, pers. but fade obs.), to white after drying. Pleopeltis orientalis might have green spores like Pleopeltis yellow reinola, or spores like those of Pleopeltis Polypodium fraseri or plebeium, which appear new all of quite similar to the species. TYPE.— Pleopeltis oreophila Sundue, sp. nov. Peru. Cajamarca: Prov. Contumaza, & de 2400 m, piedras, 13 Jun 1983, Sagdstegni Lopez 10602 NY; (holotypo: isotype: E-H. Fig. F). 1, Rhizomata dense squamosa, squamis bicoloribus, parte centrali fascia conspicua atrobrunnea fusca, vel nigrescenti, opaca, indurata praeter insertionem brunneam, squamae parlibus ad fasciam parallelis pallide brunneolis, saepe hyalinis, aetate erosis, marginibus denticulatis, dentibus simplicibus vel Laminae X cm 6.2-13 bifidis. 1.1-3.5 coriaceae, lanceolatae, subaequilaterae, proxime sub medio vel interdum ad basem profunde latissimae, pinnatisectae, ut videtur 1-pinnatao; superficies adaxiales laminae glabrae; superficies mm abaxiales laminae dense squamosae, squamis X mm, 0.6-1.0 0.4-0.5 luminibus clathratis, apertis vel partim occlusis, ovatis vel lanceolatis, concoloribus atque pallide brunneis obscure vel rubescenti-brunneis, inser- tione infuscata, marginibus hyalinis, denticulatis, dentibus simplicibus vel plerumque squamis bifidis, secus axes saepe bicoloribus parte squamae distali nigrescentibus, luminibus induratis, occlusis. mm Rhizome Plants epipetric. long-creeping, 1.5-3.0 wide, densely scaly, mm, X the scales 1.7-2.6 0.4-0.6 loosely appressed, peltate, linear-lanceolate, long-attenuate, bicolorous, the central portion with a conspicuous dark stripe, the stripe dark-brovvu to blackish, opaque, indurate except for the point of attachment which brown, the outer portions on is either side of the stripe tan, hyaline, often eroded in age, the margin denticulate, the teeth simple or bifid. Phyllopodia short, indistinct. Fronds monomorphic. Petioles 3.5-8.0 cm X 0.7 Laminae X 13 1.1-3.5 cm, coriaceous, lanceolate, nearly widest parallel-sided, just below middle sometimes the or at the base, deeply pinnatisect, appearing 1- pinnate, lamina base apex tin: truncate, the gradually reduced, attenuate; X mm, pinnae 6-15 1.5-3.0 (7)10-14(20) pairs, linear, ascending, the bases mar j notched on smaller pinnae, the basal pinnae sometimes with basal a constriction caused by the acroscopic and basiscopic margins toward folding the abaxial side, the acroscopic margin provided with dark sunken a nectary, at FROM SOUTH AMERICA TWO NEW OF PLEOPELTIS 111 SUNDUE: SPECIES hydathodes present, lamina glabrous, on pinnae; adaxial surfaces basal least lamina surfaces densely scaly, the scales white-encrusted; abaxial sunken, not mm mm, lumina occluded, 0.6-1.0 X 0.4-0.5 clathrate, the clear to partially and brown dark reddish brown, the concolorous light to ovate lanceolate, to mar with portion bicolorous the distal more along axes often often the scales bifid, lumina occluded. Veins obscured by the of the scale blackish, indurate, the & 1 amma lam (> sm growing on northern Peru, and Habitat.—Interandean valleys in Distribution between 2400-2500 m. rocks meaning mountain loving. Etymology.—Derived from the Greek "oreophilus", Contumaza, sobre PERU. Cajamarca: Prov. examined.— Additional specimens & (MO, Mar Leiva 12531 UC); Prov. 2400 m, 28 1985, Sagdstegui rocas, Contumaza me & Nov Sagdstegui Leiva 15422 UC). 1994, (F, oreophila The lamina and rhizome scales of Pleopeltis ally Discussion.— it & Sm. buchtienii Christ with appressa M. Kessler A. R. Pleopeltis (H. Pleopeltis Polypodium Sm., & Rosenst.) A. R. Sm., Pleopeltis pycnocarpa (C. Chr.) A. R. Sm. This species and tweediana (Hook.) A. R. segregatum Hook., Pleopeltis were and most specimens studied pycnocarpa, most resembles closely P. from oreophila that species. Pleopeltis differs previously identified as this by having laminar and rhizome scales with bifid marginal teeth, darker species more widely laminae with more and deeply pinnatisect elongate petioles, on and constriction the pycnocarpa), basal spaced pinnae (4-10 pairs in P. a but which pycnocarpa. Both species are epipetric, basal pinnae absent in P. is m, whereas above 3000 P. pycnocarpa grows almost exclusively at or P. found between 2400-2500 m. Pleopeltis oreophila is also similar oreophila is with Hook, which has laminar scales bifid Polypodium segregatum also to by That species differs and pinnae with basal constrictions. marginal teeth and more pinnae (13-21), that fronds, having lighter-colored petioles, larger pinna and have more narrowly constricted bases. more widely spaced, that are known Ecuador where an epiphyte from only Polypodium segregatum is it is The oreophila growing between 2400-3000 m. spore color of Pleopeltis usually expected be but unknown under to discussion Pleopeltis orientalis), is (see is does putative close yellow because most Pleopeltis have yellow spores, as its pycnocarpa. relative P. Acknowledgments UC thank Alan Smith and MO, and providing material on loan. thank the curators of F, for I I pycnocarpa and close relatives. Michael Kessler for stimulating discussions about Pleopeltis its 1 112 AMERICAN FERN VOUJMK NIMHFR JOURNAL: 97 2 [2007) also thank Alejandra Vasco Gutierrez for helpful comments about the geography of Colombia's Cordillera and Robbin Moran Orientalis, comments for constructive on the manuscript. thank I Susannah K. Graedel for providing the illustration. Literature Cited dkLa Sota, 1900. Revision de E. las especies americanas del grupo "Polypodium sijuamatunr L. Mus. Revista ha Plata, Seoc. Bot. 10:69-186. M. and new Kessler, A. R. Smith. 2005. Seven species, 13 new combinations, and one new name of Polypodiaceae from Bolivia. Candollea 60:271-288. fi 17:557-579. Maxon, W. Polypodium squamatum R. 1916b. and its allies. Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 17:579-596. Schnkiukk, H., A. R. Smith, R. Craxtill, T. E. Hildebrand, C. H. Hauflek and T. A. Ranker. 2004. Unraveling phylogeny the of the polygrammoid ferns (Polypodiaceae & Crammitidaoeac): (exploring aspects of the diversification of epiphytic plants. Molec. Phylogenet. Evol. 31:1041-1063. New Windham. M. and D. 1093. taxa nomenelatural changes the North American in fern flora. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 19:31-61.