Two new species of Galphimia (Malpighiaceae), and a key to the Mexican species with deciduous petals

2005·5.5 MB·English

by  Christiane Anderson

24: l3-iy.:'.(«)5.
TWO NEW
OF GALPHIMIA (MALPIGHIACEAE),
SPECIES
AND A KEY TO THE MEXICAN
SPECIES
WITH DECIDUOUS PETALS
Anderson
Christiane
Michigan Herbarium
University of
Ann
3600 Varsity Drive, Arbor, Michigan 48108-2287
two new Mexican
Abstract. Galphimia mirandae and G. oaxacana,
S]
A
and key Mexican species of Galphir,
are described illustiated. to 14
all
als,
presented.
INTRODUCTION
Galphimia Cav. (Malpighiaceae) comprises ca. 20 species of large herbs, shrubs,
Galphimia have yellow
and but four occurring in Mexico. Species of
treelets, all
The deciduous most but
often suffused with red. petals are in species, in
petals,
become and and
those grouped in the G. glauca complex the petals stiff spreading,
New
are persistent. The calyx lacks the oil glands that are found in most genera of
World Malpighiaceae; however, few species a small gland, which resembles the
in a
some
leaf glands, borne at the base of the sinus of or all adjacent sepals (Castro
is
The
The schizocarp breaking into three cocci. genus placed
et 2001). fruit a is
al. is
Lophanthera Adr. Spachea Adr. and
in the tribe Galphimieae, along with Juss., Juss.,
Cameron
Anderson Davis
Verrucularia Adr. Juss. (W. R. 1978; et al. 2001; et al. 2001).
Many were
included Galphimia were described in Thryallis L. or
species in
first
name
conserved over
transferred to however, the Thryallis Mart, is Thryallis L. (C.
it;
name
Anderson 1995, 2003), and Galphimia Cav. the correct for this genus.
is
A
named
and
few of the Mexican species with deciduous petals are aptly easily
however, most species are
recognized,
(a:
e.g.,
( , , i i
and the name "G. gracilis" widely misapplied to them. Galphimia
less distinctive, is
occurs Tamaulipas and Veracruz, as well as in adjacent regions of Hidalgo,
gracilis in
an ornamental
Puebla, Queretaro, and San Luis Potosi. also widely cultivated as
It is
A
warm regions worldwide. recent review of the Mexican collections of Galphi-
in
among was
mia revealed three undescribed species material that associated with
G
G
Anderson and two mirandae and G.
additional novelties,
langlassei (C. 2003),
oaxacana, are described here.
A
Mexican
key presented below to aid in the correct identification of the 14
is
Commonly synonyms some names
encountered
with deciduous for
species petals.
noted
are in brackets.
NEW
SPECIES
Galphimia mirandae Anderson, nov.—Type: Mexico. Puebla: Mpio. Tehuitz-
C. sp.
NW
km
de Matamoros, 1350 m, 28
ingo, 12 de El Pitayo, carr. a Izucar Jul
al
MEXU!; MBM!).
1983, Torres C. 3296 (holotype: isotype: Fig. 1.
MH
KSII'i
• ')! [II, 11! !' M-'ll
'
! :
FIG. {.('jtilphinuu mint, inc. a. heal wild o\alc lamma; detail of base oflamina, showing marginal
i,
gland, b. Leaf with elliptical lamina, c. blower borne on pedicel and pcdariclc. with portion of inflores-
cence axis; note calyx gland, d. Lateral petal, Posterior petal, Abaxial view of stamens; outermost
e. six
f.
stamen at left opposes posterior petal, outermost stamen at right opposes anterior sepal, Gynoecium.
g.
mm;
Scale bar = a, 4 cm. insel 4 b. 4 cm; cm: d. s.7 mm: mm. {Rased on: Miranda
e. c, ... a. ?l~l <>
1 l>
I I
:
Torres 3296.)
C.
Frutcx arbor Laminae cm cm
vel parva.
3 6,5 longae. 2 4 lalae. ellipticae vel
ovatae obovatae
vel vel rhombicae, glabrae, succulcnlac. margine
Integra, glandibus
mm
mm
cm
0.5-1 diametro, 2-4
sessilibus; petioli 0.5-1 longi; slipulae longae.
Inflo-
mm mm
rescentia racemose Petala Lecidua;pi da ungue
later alia 2.5 1.8 longo, 0.5
mm mm
limbo
lato, 7-8.5 longo, 4.5-5.5 anguste petalum
lato, elliptico vel triangulari;
mm mm
mm mm
posticum ungue
4-4.2 longo, 1-1.2 limbo 6-7
lato, 6.2-7.5 longo,
mm
interdum
lato, triangulari \ci aiborbu ilan Anihei 3.3-3.7 longae. Ovarium
tic
mm
glabrum
vel suturis pubescens; anteriores 6-6.6
styli longi, stylus posticus 5-5.7
mm
longus. Fructus
ignotus.
Shrub or treelet to 4 m, stems tom< niulo non dabrescenl to glabrous. Ves-
mm
wavy
ture of all vegetative parts of sessile, to crisped, reddish brown hairs 0.4-1
Laminas cm cm
long. of the larger leaves 3-6.5 2-4
.5-) long. 1-) wide,
elliptical to
( 1 (
broadly so, obovate, rhombic, or oval< ap >blu euh base acute decurrent
to
(especially in larger leaves), glabrous, succulent, costa prominent second-
abaxially,
ary veins prominulous or not cm
.iiilmi (,< holes 0.5-1 long, glabrous;
l I. ,,
i i
commonly
leaf glands a nan, borne on the margin of the lamina well above or the
at
base, base decurrent then superficially appearing placed on sometimes
if the petiole,
more
or additional glands borne on margin
1 the of lamina, each gland discoid
lie
I
mm
mm
mm
and
with
a thick rim, 0.5-1 diameter; 2-4
in stipules long, 0.7-1.2 wide,
narrowly
triangular. Inflorescence terminal raceme, and
a the axes, peduncles, pedi-
mm
tomentulose becoming
cels but sparsely so in age; peduncles 3 6 long, pedicels
mm
14.5-18.5 long, the pubeso m oncenb
ofti n it d a line, with a ring of hairs at
e
<
i i
mm
the articulation, peduncles 0.2-0.3 limes as long as pedicels; bracts 2.5-3.2
long,
mm
mm mm
0.5-0.8 wide, bracteoles 1.5-2 long, 0.3-0.5 wide, bracts and bracteoles
linear, abaxially glabrous or with a lew scattered hairs; bracteoles borne about the
at
mm
mm
middle
of the peduncle, subopposite up
or
to 0.3 apart. Sepals 3.5-4.2
long.
—
GALPHIMIA MEXICO
IN 15
mm
1-1.5 wide, narrowly ovate to oblong, glabrous or at the apex red-ciliate, glands
mm
absent or rarely with a gland 0.5 in diameter. Petals deciduous, unequal, yellow;
mm mm mm mm
lateral petals: claw 2.5-2.8 long, 0.5 wide, limb 7-8.5 long, 4.5-5.5
mm
narrowly posterior claw 4-4.2 long, 1-1.2
wide, or triangular; petal:
elliptical
mm mm mm
wide, limb 6.2-7.5 long, 6-7 wide, triangular or sometimes suborbicu-
Stamens with heteromorphic filaments but subequal anthers; filament opposite
lar.
mm
mm
anterior sepal 4^4.5 long, filaments opposite anterior-lateral petals 3-3.2
mm
long, filaments opposite anterior-lateral sepals 3.7-4 long, filaments opposite
mm
posterior-lateral petals 2-2.2 long, filaments opposite posterior-lateral sepals
mm mm
mm
3.6-4 long, filament opposite posterior petal 2-2.3 long; anthers 3.3-3.7
long, tapered from the base to the apex. Ovary glabrous or with a row of hairs along
the sutures the proximal 2/3-4/5, sometimes only with a few hairs scattered along
in
mm mm
the sutures; styles unequal, anterior styles 6-6.6 long, posterior style 5-5.7
Mature
not seen.
long. fruit
m
Mil Hxaminh). McxiiM iiiii >ancingo, sobre carre-
i.Si>lci\ii-\ 'i al •' in la
: « >• <
i i 1
tera a Chichihualco 1350m ImI L966 [stein a B) '/ abreras.n (ENCB), Rzedowski 22755 (DS,
(] I
ENCB, MICH, TEX) id iiannm> Umtiuhi 2147 (MEXU).
lull
Pu-.hi.a: u
|
Galphimia mirandae recognized by succulent laminas with large, thick-
its
is
may
rimmed glands on the margin; the base decurrent the glands at glance
first
if is
appear to be borne on the petiole, but careful examination shows them embedded
mm),
The and
the laminar pedicels are quite long (14.5-18.5 the anterior
in tissue.
The
exceed the posterior one. label data for the type collection include
styles slightly
the note "suelo pedregoso"; perhaps this species associated with substrates derived
is
from
volanic deposits.
This species named for the eminent Mexican botanist Faustino Miranda
is
who
(1905-1964), collected
first
it.
Galphimia oaxacana C.Anderson, Type: Mexico. Oaxaca: Dtto. Tehuante-
nov.
sp.
N
Rancho de Buenos entrando por Hierba Santa, 12
Ricardo, Aires,
pec,
al
MICH! MEXU!).
Sep 1985, Torres C. 7306 (holotype: isotypes: F! Fig. 2.
cm
Laminae
Frutex arbor parva. 3.5-6 longa atae, ellipticae vel
vel
ci
!
,
parum
ovatae vel lanceolatae, adaxialiter glabrae, abaxialiter papillosae vel papil-
mm
coriaceae, margine integra, glandibus 0.4-0.7 diametro, sessilibus; petioli
losae,
mm
cm
racemosa. Petala decidua;
0.8-1.5 longi; stipulae 1.5-2.5 longae. Inflorescentia
mm
mm mm
petala lateralia ungue (1.5-) 2-2.5 longo,0.5 lato, limbo (5-) 6.5-8 longo,
mm
ungue 4-5
petalum posticum
(3.8-) 4-4.5 lato, elliptico vel anguste ovato; (3-)
mm
mm mm mm
limbo 5-6.5 longo, 5.5-6
longo, (1-) 1.2-1.5 lato, (4.5-) (4-) lato,
mm
Antherae Ovarium pubescens;
triangulari. (2.5-) 2.8-3.5 longae. suturis styli
mm mm
Coccus pubescens.
subaequales, (4.7-) 5-5.3 longi. ca. 3.5 longus, suturis
Shrub or treelet to 6 m; stems sparsely pubescent, soon glabrous. Vesture of all
mm
brown
wavy, reddish hairs 0.3-0.8 long.
vegetative parts of sessile, straight to
cm
cm
Laminas of the larger leaves 3.5-6 long, 1.5-3.5 wide, elliptical or ovate
to lanceolate, apex apiculate or sometimes acute, base acute, adaxially glabrous,
sometimes epidermis
abaxially papillose or only slightly so (the at least blistered),
two prominent
coriaceous, costa and secondary veins (at least the first pairs) abaxi-
(usually appearing white in dry material), the tertiary veins slightly or not at
ally
cm
few
evident; margin entire; petioles 0.8-1.5 long, glabrous or with a scattered
all
lVr.RSirYOI-MlCHH
it
Nl Ml
i i
! i
FIG. 2. Ckilphiinia mnannui. lowering branch, Proximal porlion of two leav
b.
;i. c.
I
mi
Flower borne on Ian
with
d. li rti ol id nee axis; note calyx
i g
| ]
petal. Posterior petal. g.Adaxial u. ol a mien opposing posterior petal (at right) and
I".
|
sepal (at left) h Gynoei linn two oeci h wn in laxial anU lain view Scale bai = a,-
il
i
g.4mm
e.f.Smm
h ,„„, «55:c-f,h Torres
,
[
mm
hairs; leaf glands usually a pair borne on the margin of the lamina 8-15 above
mm
the base or sometimes with 3 6 glands, each gland diameter,
0.4 0.7 in disklike
mm
and
sessile or raised ca. 0.2 above the epidermis, or sometimes embedded
in
mm mm
the margin;
stipules .5-2.5 long, 0.8-1 wide, narrowly
triangular, abaxially
1
raceme
glabrous. Inflorescence a terminal the a i-in
< > , . i [
mm
mm
peduncles n
3.5-6.5 long, pedicels 10-15 Ion; -.hi!
(7-)
h
!..
i. ,
i i
more
often densely
at the articulation, in the pedicel the hairs (alien concentrated in
extending from
a line the articulation to the calyx, peduncles 0.3 0.5 times as long
mm
mm
as pedicels; bracts (\.5-) 2-2.8 long. 0.5-0.9 wide, linear, bracteoles 0.8-1.7
mm
mm
long, 0.3-0.6 wide, and
linear, bracts bracteoles glabrous; bracteoles borne
in the proximal 1/5-1/2 of the peduncle, subopposilc. Sometimes shrubs with only
|
the terminal branches bearing Hush
a of small leaves along short internodes
(to ca.
cm
and cm cm
1 long) a short inflorescence, the leaves 1-2.5 long, 0.5-0.9 wide; see
mm mm
discussion.] Sepals 2.5-3
long. 1.3-1.5 wade, oblong, glabrous, occasionally
mm
margin
the distally fringed with hairs to 0.2 long, the calyx with 1-3
glands,
(-4)
mm
each borne
in the sinus at the base of two sepals, glands 0.3-0.5 in diameter,
mm
prominent and
above
raised to 0.2 the epidermis. Petals deciduous, unequal,
mm mm
yellow, the claws suffused wilh red; lateral petals: claw 1.5-) 2-2.5 long, 0.5
(
mm mm
wide, limb 6.5-8
(5-) long, (3.8-) 4 4.5 wide, narrowly ovate to
elliptical;
mm
mm mm
posterior claw 4-5
petal: (3-) long. (1-) 1.2-1.5 wide, limb 5-6.5
(4.5-)
mm
long, (4-) 5.5-6 wide, triangular, apex broadly obtuse. Stamens with heteromorphic
ANDERSON: G ALPHIMIA MEXICO
2005 IN 17
C.
mm
filaments but subequal anthers; filament opposite anterior sepal 4-4.5 long,
fila-
mm
ments opposite anterior-lateral petals 2.5-3 long, filaments opposite anterior-
mm mm
lateral sepals 3.6-4.2 long, filaments opposite posterior-lateral petals 1.5-2
mm
long, filaments opposite posterior-lateral sepals 3.3-3.5 long, filament opposite
mm
mm
posterior petal 1.5-2 long; anthers (2.5-) 2.8-3.5 long, tapered toward the
apex. Ovary pubescent along the dorsal sutures, otherwise glabrous; styles subequal,
mm mm mm
(4.7-) 5-5.3 long. Coccus ca. 3.5 long, ca. 2.7 in diameter, dorsal crest to
mm
mm
0.5 wide and pubescent on the suture, otherwise glabrous; areole ca. 3 long,
mm
wide; mature seed not seen.
2.5
ca.
Phenology. Collected flower from August to October, in fruit from September
in
December.
to
Distribution. Mexico (Oaxaca); in deciduous forest ("selva baja caducifolia") and
500-1100 m.
pine-oak
transition to forest;
km
Additional Specimens Examined. Mexico. Oaxaca: alrededores del Cerro Guiengola, a 10 aprox.
NW
(MEXU, MO); Domingo
de Tehuantepec, Cabrera 7413 Dtto. Santo Tehuantepec, Mpio. Mixte-
al
,-
18 km de Mixtequilla, carretera a Paso Escondido. \ '" hada 19255 (MEXU);
quilla, a If-
'
I
W
Campos
Mpio. Santiago Laollaga, recorrido por aguaje Coyol, de Laollaga, 16°34'N, 95°14'W, V.
el al
E
MEXU,
4039 MO); Mpio. Santiago Laollaga, recorrido hacia por Arroyo de Hierba Santa, al de
(F, y el
Cam MEXU,
MO);
Guichixu, brecha Laollaga-Guevea de Humboldt, 16°41'N, 95°16'W, 4129 (F,
1 • I
Dtto. Tehuantepec, Mpio. Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, rumbo a El Cerro Arenal, Martinez R. 55 (IEB,
'.I.
->'<v
MICH); Tehuari. '.H)), Dtto. Tehuantepec,
Dtto. in
' >•
. I . , « i
M
(
V
MO);
Tehuante-
"Las Palmitas," ladera oriente del Cerro Guiengola, Torres :22 Dtto.
(
il
. ; 1 .
kmalWdelaC (MEXU, MICH, XAL);
pecll ^717 Dtto. Tehuantepec,
lu-i,, o.u i„ Iii.-nm .*.>/• <
I ... ',
km N
12.2kmalWdela(Tmi m u>m
/20(V.\\\ vU). Dtto T-liuantepec, 11.3 al
H.ici.i In-
I . < i
M
/ (MEXU, MICH).
de La 5HH0
Chiviza. a
tfm-z.
>; / - s I <i
Galphimia oaxacana, known only from the slope of the Isthmus of Tehuan-
Pacific
and The abaxial surface of the thick laminas
tepec, distinctive in leaves flowers. is
is its
commonly and the costa and secondary veins are prominent. Calyx glands
papillose,
and and
are present in or nearly flowers of an inflorescence, the ovaries cocci
all all
are beset with fine hairs along the dorsal sutures.
&
The and Martinez 5880
collections Torres C. 122, Torres C. 5717, Torres C. dif-
fer in that they consist of terminal branches bearing a flush of small leaves along short
cm cm
internodes long) and a short inflorescence; the leaves are 1-2.5 long,
(to ca.
1
cm may
0.5-0.9 wide. This growth form reflect particularly dry conditions.
Peduncles absent, the pedicels subtended by a bract and a pair of bracteoles.
Leaves essentially glabrous or with a few scattered hairs, especially on the midrib abaxially;
2.
Nuevo
Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Leon, San Luis
Gray]
Potosf, Sinaloa, Sonora,Tamaulipas. '» ".",. tifoli nil |-'iion in (, linijoiu
•
1 •
<ii Watson
mi oa.Sonora.
hi li sin G. vestita S.
> .1 i,
i
i
com-
Peduncles present, subtended by a bract and bearing a pair of bracteoles, the articulation
monly marked band
with a of hairs.
Ovaries and densely and evenly pubescent.
fruits
3.
Inflorescence entirely glabrous (except for pubescent ovary); calyx glands present; petals
4.
commonly
mostly red with yellow markings; leaf glands borne on the petiole, in the proxi-
mal Guerrero, Mexico, Michoacan, Sinaloa.
1/6-1/2 (rarely distally); Jalisco,
glandulosa Cav. [synonyms: Thryallis pahncri Rose. dasycarpa Small]
G.
/.
Inflorescence sparsely or abundantly pubescent; calyx glands absent or present; petals yel-
4.
usually with red markings; leaf glands borne on the margin of the lamina.
low,
»M
K,
l«
I I I ,1 i . • ! I! !
|l
d\
(till ll Hf ill. Jl I I, I, |1 II Hi ill!
I ! I I ) I 1 I 1 1 1 I
Colima.
Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa.
'wiln ud
nhi'i |s\nonvin: huniilis (Rose) Nit
(i.
I
smooth
5. Petioles gl ibi >u .,, im ,| ul g hlcts smooth or the
\ . ,| > |,
mm
m
Anthers narrow
6. 3 4 lorn;, triangular ouiline (ihe base ea. twice as wide as
l\
mm
ih. apex); lilameut oi siamen opposing the anterior sepal 3.5— long, filament
1
siamen opposing
of the posterior petal shorter than that of stamens opposing the
mm mm
posterior-lateral sepals (1.6 2.6 vs. 3.5- 4.6 peduncles 0.6 1.3 1.6) times
):
(
as long as pedicels; Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacan.
G
An
den
(Blake)
langlassei C.
mm
6. Anthers 2.3-2.5 (-2.S) long, oblong or elliptical in outline (equally wide at base
mm
m
mil hlamciii slamrii opposing
ol leiio
(i ill
i:
i I I i
UK
I I .1 || Ih I | III H.I O. ! II l|IO ill I )l| lv I || ,,,. .| I
mm
lateral sepals subcqual [1.5 -1.7 (-2) vs. 1.5-1.8 (-2.2) mm]; peduncles 0.3-0.5
nil
linii n oi
il ii
I ) i I , i I | i
G.mexiaeC. Anders
7. Petioles beset with hairs hoi ne on persistent tubercles and/or only the tubercles (the hairs
commonly
already shed); branchlets roughened by
Ihe persistent tubercles (in G. gracilis
8. Laminas abundantly pubescent alum- and below with hairs borne on tubercles, the
m m
haus
L\cntuall\ slo iimn
-Ii .1 ..ii In h persistent tubercles;
i I i I i i
Guerrero.
C
G. hirsuta
8. Laminas glabrous or glabratcohcn with some scattered bans on the midrib below, the
lammai
surfaces smooth.
mm
m
l) ' inn 4 a margin; bracteoles
i) i» ili
' i I i i I t I i I i I i
borne
at ot just b. low ih, ap. ; oi tin p ( ,i |, p. (H -I II nun Ion - » du n I.
ii (
0/i fin
lo n Hi|
n
ii ll
I i | I I i I i i i
of Hidalgo, Puebla, Queretaro, and San Luis
Potosf. G. gracilis Bartli
nuh
i; ib
d
in
ii ii h hi [i
I i i i i I i I, i,
i i
prom
processes, leaf gland to tall d les borne on the peduncle in
it
I
mm
the proMinal 4 lo J. pedicels 2 a long, peduncles 1.2 limes as long as the
'
I I
Oaxaca.
pedicels; coastal
,n mlei
<a
, , ,
7. Petioles smooth, glabrous oi with sessile or subsessile bans: branchlets smooth or the hark
lightly fissured.
Leaves
10. subsessile, the petioles rudimentary; leaf glands mostly absent. Oaxaca.
G.sessilifoliaRc
10. u n
i. ll\ in
I i I I i i
|
11. Petals subcqual; ban ImilsloO long priiolcs 2.3 cm long,
.5
i 1
cm
laminas 7-12 long; Guerrero. Anders
G. radiaiis
(
.
11. Petals unequal, limb of lateral petals narrower than limb of posterior petal; hairs
mm
on cm
ovarii s bints toll long oi ovaries turn glabrous; petioles 0.4 1.5 long.
I
cm
laminas
2 6 long.
12. ("aly\ glands present in all (or almost all) flowers of an inflorescence: laminas ah
commonly
axially papilli (oi h epidern u lislered), coriaceous, the
I i
secondary prominent maiies
veins ahaxiallv: funis with on
hairs the sutures;
Pacific slope of Oaxaca. oaxacana Anders
G.
(
.
'. "alv\ glands absent, or one oi a lew flowers of an inflorescence with or 2 calyx
(
I I
many
glands (rarely flowers with calyx glands); laminas abaxially smooth, suc-
m
hihhIim m,
culent or chartaccous, ih ii mil u IiuiK .4 bonis
or with hairs on the sutures.
Laminas broadh
13. succulent, elliptical to ovate lo suborbicular. the base often
mm
dm
uiiiMit. glands 0.6 in diametet scssil on ih margin;
I
i I
|
mm
14.5 18.5 long; Guerrero, Puebla. G. miramiac Anders-
(
.aminas chartaccous. ovate narrowly
13. oi eilipiical oi elliptical, the base acute,
I
mm
glands 0.4-0.6 in diameter, raised abo\e Ihe margin or borne on the
mm
nob pe
In els 5 5 10.5 long.
I
ANDERSON: G ALPHIMIA MEXICO
IN 19
C.
Bracteoles borne at or just below the apex of the peduncle just be-
(i.e.,
.
]i.u the articulation): lamina: dliplu< al or narrowly so, with an apical tuft
of hairs (best seen in younger leaves); peduncles 0.5-1 times as long as
pi iitcrior styles longer than the posterior style; ovary glabrous;
Is
li<
< ;
calyx eglandular; Tamaulipas and Veracruz, and adjacent regions of
Hidalgo, Puebla, Queretaro, and San Luis Potosi. C. gracilis Bartling
Bracteoles borne near the middle of the peduncle, or one near the
.
middle and the other near the base; laminas ovate or lanceolate, without
an apical tuft of hair; peduncles 0,2 0.6 times as long as the pedicels;
on
styles subequal; ovary glabrous or with hairs the sutures; calyx glands
Guen
present or absent o Jalisco Michoacan, Nayarit, Sinaloa, and
southwestern Durango and Zacatecas. G. montana (Rose) Nied.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
thank William R. Anderson and Gordon McPherson for their advice and comments on the
I
am
manuscript, and Karin Douthit for the handsome drawings. grateful to she curators of the following
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rmakin N( B IEB.
b
leibaii coll lion o, in liiablc to
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t i
MICH, MO, TEX, XAL.
LITERATURE
CITED
Anderson, C. 1995. Revision of Thruilli.s Malpighiaceae). Contr. Uni
(
complex (Malp
2003. Resolution of the .alphnnni Imwjassci
(
.
Mexico. Bot. 714-722.
Syst. 24:
Anderson, W. R. 1978 ["1977"]. Byrsonimoideae, a new subfamily of the Malpighiaceae. Leandra 5-1!
7:
Cameron, K. M., M. W. Chase, W. R. Anderson, and H. G. Hills. 2001. Molecular systematics of Malpighia
ceae: evidence from plastid rbcL and matK sequences. Amer. Bot. 88: 1847-1862.
J.
Castro. M. A., A. S.Vega, and M. E. Miilgura. 2001. Structure and ultrastructure of leaf and calyx glands
i:
m
Calphimm (Milpolni Bo
bin I"
•., "
'// ii
i i » I » '
Davis. C. C, W. R. Anderson, and M. Donoghue. 2001. Phylogeny of Malpighiaceae: evidence from chic
J.
U
uml, I'm 1830-1846.
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