Two new species and one new name in the Gesneriaceae from Costa Rica

2004·3.8 MB·English

by  Ricardo Kriebel Haehner

RHODORA,
Vol. 106, No. <)25, 43-51, 2004
pp.
TWO NEW AND ONE NEW NAME THE
SPECIES
IN
GESNERIACEAE FROM COSTA RICA
RlCARDO KRIEBEL
Insiituto Nacional de Biodiversidacl. Apdo. 22-3100,
Domingo
Santo de Heredia, Costa Rica
e-mail: [email protected]
Two
new
abstract. species of Gesneriaceae from the Caribbean slope of Costa
Rica from genera Paradrymonia and Nautilocalyx described and
the are illustrated.
A
new name
in Nautilocalyx is proposed for P. bullata and a full description is
provided.
Key Words: Paradrymonia, Nautilocalyx, Gesneriaceae, Mesoamerica, Costa Rica
Manual
Preparation o( the treatment of the Gesneriaceae for the
new
de Plantas de Costa Rica project has revealed a species of
Paradrymonia
Nautilocalyx Linden ex Hanstein and one of Hanstein
from the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. Nautilocalyx greatly resembles
the genus Paradrymonia and differences stated by Hanstein (1853)
in
the original description provide no diagnostic characters for distinguish-
two However, works Skog
ing these genera. recent (Kvist 1998;
in et al.
Paradrymonia has been separated from Nautilocalyx by
1979), differ-
ences in habit (epiphytic vs. terrestrial), stem length in relation to leaf
length (stems shorter than leaves vs. longer), anisophylly (strongly aniso-
and
phyllous isophyllous subisophyllous), inflorescence features
vs. to
(flowers congested vs. not congested).
Nautilocalyx a neotropical genus of approximately 50 species
is
showy
characterized by terrestrial habit, erect stems, corollas, and
its
known
fleshy capsules. Only one species was previously from Costa
Rica, N. dressier Wiehler.
i
Nautilocalyx purpurascens Kriebel, now Type: Costarica. Limon:
sp.
Cordillera de Talamanca, Fila Matama, Cerro Muchilla, 9°47'40"N,
83°06'30"W, 850 m, 8 Apr 1989, R. Robles 2704 (holotype:
inb!:
mo. Figure
isotypes: us).
1.
A cm
5-8
Nautilocalyx punctatus cui affinis, petioli longis, foliis
glabris vel puberulis, nectarii glandulae 2 opposita differt.
perennial, herb subshrub; stems unbranched, subquad-
Terrestrial, to
mm
cm
40
rate, glabrous, erect, to tall, ca. 5 in diameter, the internodes
43
44 Rhodora
Vol.
Oft
I
|
lmm
lcm
C
-n
, -
.
lcm
D
W^A-
'V
i'vI
A
/^J.s-Mi
E
Figure Nautilocalyx purpurascens. A. with opposite nectariferous glands
Pistil
1.
at base o\' ovary. B. Habit. C. Filamenl apex and anther. I). Corolla. E. Corolla in
calyx Robles 2704).
(/?.
cm
1-3
long, rarely with adventitious roots the lower nodes; leaf pairs
in
cm
5-8
equal to subequal, the petioles long, fleshy, green Hushed with
X
purple, glabrous puberulous, lamina 13-20 4-6 cm,
to the (30) (10)
elliptic to oblanceolate, basally acute to attenuate on the petiole, apically
—
New
Kriebcl Gesneriaceae from Costa Rica 45
2004]
acuminate, serrate, membranous, green above, purple below, glabrous to
sparsely puberulous on both surfaces, the lateral pairs of veins 8-11.
mm
cymes 5-10 peduncle 5-10
Inflorescence of (lowers, the
axillary,
X mm,
15-25 9-21
long, the prophylls and subtending bracts ovate,
serrulate, similar to the calyx lobes, green to light purple, puberulous,
mm
X mm,
5-20 20-25 10-13
the pedicels long; calyx lobes equal,
5,
mm,
membranous, connate 1-2 acuminate,
lanceolate-ovate, for serrate,
cm
green to light purple, puberulous; corolla 3-3.5 long, oblique in the
mm
calyx, infundibular, the spur ca. 2 long, glabrous to puberulous, the
proximal half a narrow tube, white, sparsely pilose above, glabrous
on
below, half gradually expanding, white, sparsely pilose both
distal
X mm,
sides, the lobes subequal, ca. 10 7 entire to crenulate, the
5,
inside and especially the entrance of the tube purple spotted, dorsal
ly
with short glandular hairs; stamens 4, included, the laments adnate for
li
mm
4 to the base of the corolla tube, ca. 2 cm, glabrous, the anthers
X mm,
coherent, each theca 2 1.8 the theca dehiscing by longitudinal
mm
cm
ovary 3 lone, sericeous, the style ca. 2 long, glandular
slits;
composed two
pilose, the stigma stomatomorphic; disc of opposite
X mm,
nectariferous glands, the ventral gland smaller, 0.5 0.3 the dorsal
X mm,
Capsule
gland both glabrous. not seen.
larger, 1.5
1
known
distribution AM) )LOGY. This species only from three
is
:<
'<
i
800-900
m.
specimens in the type locality, in riparian habitat, at
Panama may same
Specimens from also represent the species Skog).
(fide
etymology. The specific epithet refers to the usually purple stems,
and abaxial surface o\ the leaf blade as well as the purple-
petioles,
spotted corolla of species.
this
Nautilocalyx purpurascens easily distinguished from congeners
its
is
by glabrous puberulous and usually purple stems, petioles, leaf
to
its
two
underside and calyx, purple-spotted corolla, and disc with
its
The
opposite nectariferous glands. purple-spotted corolla of N.
Wiehler from
purpurascens most closely resembles that of N. punctatus
Amazonian Venezuela from which mainly by having glabrous
differs
it
puberulous vegetative parts, much longer petioles, and a disc with two
to
opposite nectariferous glands instead o[ a single dorsal gland.
Matama,
Paratypes. costa Limon: Cordillera de Talamanca, Fila Cerro
rica.
Muchilla, 9°46'50"N, 83°05'30"W, 850 m, 5 Apr 1989, R. Robles 2655 (inb, mo, us);
Cordillera dc Talamanca. Fila Matama. Cerro Muchilla. 9°47'40"N, 83°06'30"W,
&
Apr Chacon 2719
850 m, 8 1989. R. Robles A. (i\b. mo. us).
46 Rhodora
[Vol. 106
Nautilocalyx biserrulatus nom. now Paradrymonia
Kriebel, bullata
&
Gomez-Laur. Chavarna, Brenesia 145-147, 1990
33: [1991].
Typh: costa San Feb Gomcz-L.
rica. Jose: Tarrazu, 10 1988,
./.
11686
(HOLOTYPP: CR!; ISOTYPES: ISJ); IIOH N. bulldtUS (Leill.)
P.
Kew
Sprague, Bull. Misc. Inform. 1912: 89. 1912.
This species was originally described when only few specimens
a
were
available for examination. Further explorations the southern
in
Pacific lowlands and middle elevations of Costa Rica have produced
ample
material. In order to better characterize the species,
a full
description provided
here.
is
Terrestrial, perennial, herbs subshrubs; stems unbranched,
to villous,
mm
cm
40
reddish, erect or ascending, to tall, ca. 6 in diam., the
mm
8-20
internodes long, sometimes with adventitious when
roots,
present generally in basal nodes; leaf pairs equal, subequal to rarely
cm
unequal, the petioles 3.5-6 long, brownish, lamina
(2) villous, the
X
10-18
elliptic to oblanceolate, (24) 3-6.5 cm, base acute, apex
acuminate, margin biserrate, membranous, green and bullate on both
sides, glabrescent to villous above, strigose to villous below, the
lateral
pairs of veins 9-1 Inflorescence axillary cymes of 2-5 (lowers, the
1.
peduncle reduced
or absent, the prophylls and subtending bracts linear
mm
to lanceolate, ciliate to serrulate, glabrate to villous, to 25 long,
mm
green, the pedicels 5-15 long; calyx lobes equal, 7-2 1X1-2 mm.
5,
1
membranous,
lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, free to the base, acuminate,
biserrate, green, puberulous to villous; corolla oblique the calyx,
in
mm
cm
infundibular, ca. 3 long, the spur ca. 2 long, villous, white,
proximal half a narrow tube gradually expanding towards the limb, the
8X6
mm,
lobes subequal, stamens
5, ca. entire; 4, included, the
mm
mm,
filaments ca. 17 adnate for 3 to the base the corolla tube,
o\'
mm.
glabrous, the anthers coherent, each anther 1.5-1.2
the thecae
mm
dehiscing by longitudinal ovary 4
slits; long, sericeous, the style
cm
ca. 2 long, glabrous, the stigma stomatomorphic; disc a single dorsal
X mm,
nectariferous gland. 1.5 entire, glabrous. Capsule ovate.
1
The
species always a terrestrial herb or subshrub with conspicuous
is
cm
stems 40
to long, generally equaling or surpassing leaf length, as
is
typical of Nautilocalyx, the leaves are well spaced along the stem and do
not form an agglomerate rosette like most species of Paradrymonia. The
were
leaves originally described as anisophyllous Para-
like a typical
drymonia but have actually proven be isophyllous subisopln
to to Ilous
as in Nautilocalyx, Although the inflorescence was originally described
as congested on the upper part of the stems with flowers, with pedicels
—
New
Kricbel Gesneriaceac from Costa Rica 47
20041
mm,
up to only 10 recent material shows that flowers are also borne on
mm
up to 4 nodes below the stem apex on pedicels that reach 15 in
common
producing non congested
length, a inflorescence as in
is
Nautilocalyx. Although both Nautilocalyx and Episcia Mart, often have
species with bullate leaves (as are those o( the present species), only
On
and
Episcia has stolons, lacking in this species. these characters
Skog
those listed by Kvist et al. (1998) and (1979) this species is best
placed Nautilocalyx (see Table
in
).
1
The
etymology. specific epithet refers to the double-serrate leaf blade
margin of
this species.
Paradrymonia ommata Skog from Bocas Toro, Panama,
L. E. del
is
similar Nautilocalyx biscrrulatus the following diagnostic characters:
to in
they are both terrestrial herbs with evident stems that equal or surpass leaf
length, both usually have biserrate leaf margins, the leaves are evidently
petiolate, vegetative parts are glabrate to sparsely villous, calyx lobes are
They
and have
linear to lanceolate, they similar-sized corollas. differ in
cm
ommata
1-5 and with
that P. has usually longer bracts, long, a corolla
cm
the purple eye and purple veins (vs. bracts to 2.5 and an entirely white
am
corolla). reluctant at this time to determine if the species arc
I
ommata pending
conspecihe or to transfer P. to Nautilocalyx further
known
ommata, otherwise only from
collections of P. a species the type.
Rancho Quemado, Feb M.
Spf.cimhns examined, costa rica. Puntarenas: 6 1991,
May
M. Chavarria 423 Corcovado National Park, Fila Matajambre, 7 1994,./.
(inb);
Dec M.
Gonzalez 251 (inb); Fila Costena, Fila Cruces, Rio Piedras Blancas, 8 1993.
Aug
Grayum 10626 Jimenez, Dos Brazos de Rfo Tigre, Cerro Mueller. 26
(inb);
Aug
1990, G. Herrera 4143 (inb. us); Corcovado Nacional Park, Cerro Rincon, 2
1990, C. Morales 10 (inb); Rincon, Rancho Quemado, 26 Oct 1990, F. Quesada 196
(inb). San Jose: Tarrazii, Faja Costena del Valle del Parrita, Cerro Nara, 26 Jul 1995,
MM.
Chavarria 910 (inb. is); Tarrazii, J. Gomez-L. 11686 (cr): Tarrazii. Fila
Bustamante, 18 Apr 1994, V. Ramirez et al. 3IS (inb, mo. us).
Paradrymonia also a small neotropical genus with approximately
is
30 species. Costa Rica has a great diversity of species of the genus, with
about species, as a result of proximity to the possible center of
its
1 1
Panama
diversity of the genus in (Kvist et al. 1998).
Paradrymonia now Limon:
alata Kricbel, Type: costa rica.
sp.
m
Cordillera de Talamanca, Canton de Matina, 200 aguas debajo
de conlluencia de Quebrada Canabral con Rfo Barbilla,
la
Nov 2287
10°00'10"N, 83°25'30"W, 100 m, 5 1988, G. Herrera
(HOLOTYPE: ISOTYPR: MO). Figure
INB!; 2.
48 Rhodora
106
[Vol.
Tabic Comparison of diagnostic features the genera Nautilocalyx and
in
1.
Paradrvmonia with those of N. hiscirulaius.
Paradrvmonia
Nantilocalx.x N. hiseiTulatus
Plants terrestrial Plants generally epiphytic Plants terrestrial
Stems evident, Stems need or absent, Stems evident, usually
reel
equaling or usually form inn a rosette equaling or surpassing
surpassing
leaf leneth
leaf length
Leaves isophyllous to Leaves generally strongly Leaves isophyllous
to
subisophyllous anisophyllous subisophyllous
or rarely
anisophyllous
Leaf blades Leaf blades generally Leaf blades bullate
generally bullate not bullate
Leaf blade base Leaf blade base generally Leaf blade base
generally acute attenuate to decurrent generally acute
or truncate or truncate
Petiole generally Petiole generally reduced Petio e e vident
evident or obscured by
decurrent leaf base
Inflorescence not Inflorescence usually Inflorescence congested
congested congested
in the or not in the
in the leaf axils leaf axils leaf axils
A
Paradrymonia
longipetiolata cui affinis, majoribus, attenu-
foliis
atis; calycis lobatis ovato-lanceolatis, puberulis differ!.
Epilithic, perennial, rosulale herb; stems unbranched, subquadrate,
cm cm
strigillose, reddish, erect or aseending, 10
to tall, ea. in
1
mm
5-9
diameter, intemodes long, with adventitious roots; leaf pairs
22-29 cm
equal to extremely unequal, the petioles long, fleshy, winged,
X
reddish, strigillose, the lamina 22-27 13-20 cm, ovate to ovate-
oblong, basally truncate or rounded, apically acute acuminate,
to serrate,
membranous,
green above, whitish below, puberulous on both
surfaces,
the lateral pairs of veins Inflorescence of axillary cymes of 5-1
1.
1
1
flowers, the peduncle reduced, the prophylls and subtending bracts
ca.
mm
X
1-2
9
long, linear to lanceolate, entire to ciliate, glabrate to
puberulous, reddish, puberulous, the pedicels 1-5 cm; calyx lobes
5.
X mm,
subequal, 20-25 5-11 lanceolate-ovate, membranous, connate
mm,
for 1-3 acuminate, ciliate to serrulate, green with red or magenta
cm
base and occasionally longitudinal streaks, puberulous; corolla 5
ca.
mm
long, oblique in the calyx, infundibular, the spur ca. 5 long,
glabrous puberulous, proximal narrow
to half a tube, white, sparsely
—
New
Kricbcl Gesneriaceae from Costa Rica 49
2004]
A
Figure Paraclrymonia alata. A. Pistil with dorsal nectariferous gland at base of
2.
ovary. B. Habit. C. Filament apex and anther. D. Capsule in calyx. E. Corolla.
Corolla calyx (G. Herrera 2287).
F. in
50 Rhodora
Vol. 106
I
pilose above, glabrous below, distal half gradually expanding, white,
occasionally with inconspicuous yellowish or reddish hues inside the
X
tube, sparsely pilose on both sides, the lobes 5, subequal, ca. 13 11
mm,
entire, the dorsal part of the tube inside with short glandular
hairs;
stamens included, somewhat didynamous, 4 cm,
4, ca. the filaments
mm
adnate for 6 to the base of the corolla tube, glabrous, each anther
homologous X mm,
apically coherent to its pair, each theca 2 1.8 the
mm
thecae dehiscing by longitudinal ovary
3 long, sericeous, the
slits;
cm
style ca. 3 long, densely glandular-pilose, the stigma capitate; disc of
X mm,
a single double-connate nectariferous dorsal gland,
1.5 entire,
1
glabrous. Fruit an ovate, bivalved, fleshy, white, glabrous capsule; seeds
X mm,
brown when
fusiform, 0.5 0.25 dark dry, finely
striate.
and known
distribution ecology. This species only from
the
is
Caribbean slope of Costa Rica the Hitoy-Cererc Biological Reserve
in
m
and 50-250
Barbilla National Park from where occurs very wet
in
it
forest.
etymology. The
specihe winged
epithet refers to the petiole of
this
species.
Paradrymonia
alata characterized by large leaves with long-
is its
decurrent base and winged
leaf petiole, lanceolate-ovate puberulous
its
calyx lobes almost free to the base, and large corollas up to 5 cm
its
long. similar to the higher elevation P. longipetiolata (Donn.Sm.)
It is
Wiehler, which has smaller leaf blades with acute bases and
linear to
linear-lanceolate and densely pilose calyx lobes. also similar
to P.
is
It
mm
macrophylla Wiehler, which has pedicels 8-1 long, the 2
lateral
I
and 2 lower calyx lobes connate for ca. 1.6 cm, and the corolla wine-red
cm
maroon-red
to spotted (vs. pedicels 1-5 long, calyx lobes free almost
and
to the base, an entirely white corolla with occasional yellowish or
reddish hues inside the tube in P. alata).
Paratypes: costa rica. Limon: Cordillera dc Talamanca, Reserva Biologica Hiloy-
Cerere, Valle del Rio La 9°38'55"N, 83°03'10"W, 200 m, 9 Feb
Estrella, 1989. G.
llcrrera et al. 23ft7 (inb. mo); Cordillera de Talamanca. Canton de Matina, Quebrada
Canabral, 10°02'00"N, 83°24'30"W, 100 m, 8 Apr 1989, M. Grayum 8881
et al. (inb.
MO,
US).
acknowledgments.
thank the curators of the Institute Nacional de
I
Biodiversidad (inb), especially F. Morales for his help with the Latin
J.
Hammel
diagnosis and
B. for his revisions of the manuscript. Special
thanks Claudia Aragon
to for her illustrations.
—
New
Kriebel Gesneriaceae from Costa Rica 51
2004]
LITERATURE CITED
Hanstein, 1853. Die Gesneraceen kon. Herbariums der Garten zu Berlin.
ties u.
J.
nebst Bemerkungen uber die Familie im Ganzen. Linnaea 26: 145-216. [181]
Kvist, L. P., L. E. Skog, and M. Amaya-Marquez. 1998. Los generos de
gesneriaceas de Colombia. Caldasia 20: 12-28.
W.
Skog, 1979 Gesneriaceae. R. Woodson, and R. Schery,
L. E. [1978]. In: E. Jr.
Flora of Panama. Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 65: 783-998.
eds..