Two new snappers (Teleostei: Lutjanidae: Apsilinae): Paracaesio paragrapsimodon Anderson and Kailola from the western Pacific and P. waltervadi Anderson and Collette from the western Indian Ocean

19 Pages·1992·11.2 MB·English

PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH.
105(3), 1992, pp. 443-461
TWO NEW SNAPPERS (TELEOSTEI: LUTJANIDAE:
APSILINAE): PARACAESIO PARAGRAPSIMODON
ANDERSON AND KAILOLA FROM THE WESTERN
PACIFIC AND WALTERVADI ANDERSON AND
P.
COLLETTE FROM THE WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN
William D. Anderson, Jr., Patricia J. Kailola, and
Bruce B. Collette
Abstract. —Two new species ofParacaesio, P. paragrapsimodon Anderson &
Kailola (from offPonape, Caroline Islands, and from offPort Moresby, Papua
New Guinea) and P. waltervadi Anderson & Collette (from Walters Shoals,
Madagascar Ridge, western Indian Ocean), are described from two specimens
each. Paracaesioparagrapsimodon is easily distinguished from all other species
of Paracaesio by the presence of prominent exserted canine teeth at anterior
ends ofupper and lowerjaws and by its coloration in life (mostly deep metallic
blue with some pale yellow on proximal halves ofsoft dorsal and soft anal fins,
along middle of each caudal-fin lobe, and on dorsalmost parts of back and
caudal peduncle), and P. waltervadi is recognized by the following combination
ofcharacters: tubed lateral-line scales 69 or 70, maxilla with scales, caudal-fin
A
lunate, and coloration in life blue. key to the speciesofParacaesiois provided,
nominal species of the Paracaesio xanthura complex are discussed, and brief
comments on relationships ofthe species ofParacaesio are provided.
During the last several years, specimens crustaceans, and are found from shallow in-
oftwo previously undescribed species ofthe shore areas to depths ofabout 550 m. Some
apsiline lutjanid genus Paracaesio have be- species enter estuaries and even fresh water.
come available for study. One ofthese new Early developmental stages are unknown for
specieswas collected offPonape (now Pohn- most species, but the early stages that have
pei, according to M. Gawel, Marine Re- been described are pelagic. There are 17
sources Division, Federated States of Mi- genera and about 105 species (including the
cronesia, pers. comm.), CarolineIslands, and 2 described herein) of lutjanids, currently
off Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea; the classified in 4 subfamilies—Etelinae (5 gen-
other, over Walters Shoals, western Indian era and 19 species), Apsilinae (4 genera and
Ocean. The goals of this paper are to de- 12 or 13 species), Paradicichthyinae (2 gen-
scribethe two new species, to compare them era and 2 species), and Lutjaninae (6 genera
with other species ofParacaesio, to provide and 72 species). Some lutjanids reach sizes
a key to the species ofParacaesio, to remark as great as 100 to 120 cm. Many are im-
upon the nominal species ofthe P. xanthura portant to sport and/or commercial fisher-
complex, and to provide comments on the men, and many are fine food fishes, al-
relationships ofthe species in the genus. though some are ciguatoxic in certain areas.
The Lutjanidae occurworldwide in warm Institutional abbreviations follow Levi-
nm
seas. Adults of the family are largely bot- ton et al. (1985); denotes nautical miles;
tom-associated, feed mainly on fishes and SL, standard length; TL, total length; ICZN,
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
444
the International Code of Zoological No- base oflast anal soft ray. Length ofanal fin
menclature (International Commission on was from anteriormost point ofbase offirst
Zoological Nomenclature 1985). anal spine to distal tip of anal fin with fin
depressed against body. Upper and lower
Methods lobes ofcaudal fin were measured from mid-
base ofcaudal fin to distal tip oflongest ray
Methods for making counts and mea-
in each lobe. Most measurements are given
surements follow Randall et al. (1987), ex-
as percentages of SL, a few as percentages
cept as noted below. Osteological data were
ofsnout length and postorbital head length,
taken from radiographs. Gillrakers and
and some as quotients ofSL or head length
pseudobranchial filaments were counted on
rounded to the nearest 0.05.
the right side. The most anterior scale in
dorsal midline was considered the first pre- Sketches ofcaudal-fin shapes (Fig. 1), ex-
cept Fig. 1H, were made by photocopying
dorsal scale; counts ofpredorsal scales were
the maximally spread fins ofthe specimens
made in midline, as nearly as possible, and
illustrated, tracing the outlines of the pho-
did not include smaller scales at base offirst
tocopied fins, and photoreducing the trac-
dorsal spine. The first vertebra with a hae-
ings to approximately the same sizes. The
mal spine was considered the first caudal
same procedure was usedforFig. 1H, except
vertebra; the urostylar vertebra, the last.
an illustration from Kyushin et al. (1982)
Postorbital length ofhead was distance be-
was photocopied.
tween posteriormost point of fleshy orbit
and posteriormost point ofopercular mem-
Apsilinae
brane. Lower jaw to branchiostegal mem-
branes was measured from symphysis of There are no known synapomorphies dis-
dentaries to junction of branchiostegal tinguishing the species of Lutjanidae from
membranes. Maxilla width was greatest those of other percoid families. Johnson
width of posterior expansion of maxilla. (198 1: 1) treated the Lutjanidae as a natural
Length oflowerjaw was measured from an- group because of"the obvious intermediacy
teriormost point on dentary to posterior- of the Apsilinae between the Etelinae and
most point on angular. Interorbital width Lutjaninae." Although we are not aware of
was least bony measurement. Internarial any synapomorphies for the Apsilinae, the
distance was distance between posterior following combination of traits character-
border ofanterior naris and anterior border izes the subfamily. Nares on each side close
of posterior naris. Posterior naris to orbit together; posterior flap of anterior nostril
was measured from posterior border ofpos- when reflected typically reaching anterior
teriornaris to anteriorborderoffleshy orbit. border ofposterior nostril. Vomerine teeth
Teethwere measuredfrom pointswherethey present. Dorsal and anal fins naked. Dorsal-
emerge from jaws (as nearly as possible) to fin rays X, 10 (rarely X, 9). Anal-fin rays
their distal tips. (The point ofemergence of III, 8 (occasionally III, 9). Anterior dorsal
a tooth can be difficult to ascertain due to and anterior anal soft rays not produced into
the large amount of fleshy tissue overlying filaments. Ultimate soft ray ofdorsal fin and
the alveolar surfaces ofthe jaws.) Depth of anal fin not produced or produced only
body was taken vertically from base offirst slightly, usually shorter than penultimate
dorsal spine. Length ofcaudal peduncle was soft ray. Caudal fin emarginate to deeply
distance from posterior end ofbase ofanal forked. Procurrent caudal-fin rays 11 to 13
fin to mid-base ofcaudal fin. Length ofanal- dorsally, 10 to 13 ventrally. Interorbital re-
fin basewas from anteriormost point ofbase gion transversely somewhat flattened to
offirst anal spine to posteriormost point of strongly convex. Posteriormost 4-8 com-
VOLUME 105, NUMBER 3 445
plete pterygiophores of dorsal fin and pos- recognized six species ofParacaesio; recent
teriormost 5-7 complete pterygiophores of work indicates that there are about eight or
anal fin trisegmental. Adductor mandibulae nine species. Based on numbers of tubed
without division A/. For more detailed de- scales in the lateral line, the genus appears
scriptions ofthe Lutjanidae and Apsilinae, to be made up oftwo natural groups ofspe-
see Johnson (1981) or Anderson (1987). The cies—one with from 47 to 50 scales in the
genera ofApsilinae are: Apsilus (2 species), lateral line, the other with from 68 to 73.
Lipocheilus (1 species), Parapristipomoides Within a species group the best characters
(1 species), and Paracaesio (about 8 or 9 for identification are maxillary squamation
species). (presence or absence), coloration, and shape
of the caudal fin. Museum specimens can
be very difficult to identify because color-
Paracaesio Bleeker, 1875
ation is usually lost and the caudal fins are
Paracaesio Bleeker, 1875:38 (type species often damaged. Paracaesio ranges widely
Caesioxanthura Bleeker, 869, by mono- through the Indo-Pacific.
1
typy).
Vegetichthys Tanaka, 1917:7 (type species Key to Species ofParacaesio
Vegetichthys tumidus Tanaka, 1917
la. Tubed lateral-line scales 68-73.
[=Caesio xanthura Bleeker, 1869], by
Caudal fin forked or lunate (Fig.
monotypy).
1A-F) 2
Aetiasis Barnard, 1937:59 (type species Ae-
lb. Tubed lateral-line scales 47-50.
tiasis cantharoides Barnard, 1937 [appar-
= Caudal fin lunate or emarginate
ently Caesio xanthura Bleeker, 1869],
(Fig. 1G-J) 5
by monotypy).
2a. Several prominent exserted canine
A
Diagnosis.— genus of apsiline lutjanid teeth at anterior ends ofupper and
fishes characterized by the following: inter- lower jaws (longest anterior tooth
orbital region transversely strongly convex; in upper jaw 6.3-8.7% postorbital
anterior end of upper lip without a thick head length, longest anterior tooth
fleshy protrusion; gillrakers 7 to 12 + 16 to in lower jaw 6.5-6.9% postorbital
24—total 26 to 35; adductor mandibulae head length; Fig. 2A). Maxilla
section A! without an anterodorsal exten- without scales
sion; ultimate dorsal soft ray 50 to 90% P. paragrapsimodon, n. sp.
length ofpenultimate; ultimate anal soft ray 2b. Teeth at anterior ends of jaws
65 to 95% length of penultimate; pectoral smaller, rarely prominent (longest
fin about 90 to 125% ofhead length (in spec- anterior tooth in upper jaw 2.4-
mm X =
imens more than about 50 SL, almost 5.9% postorbital head length,
1
always 102 to 125% ofhead length). 3.96; longest anterior tooth in low-
—
Gender. Most authors have treated Par- er jaw 1.3-6.0% postorbital head
X=
acaesio as if it were a masculine noun, but length, 3.08; Fig. 2B, C). Max-
George C. Steyskal has advised that it is illa with or without scales 3
feminine. Consequently, adjectival specific 3a. Caudal fin lunate (Fig. IF). Col-
names for species of Paracaesio that have oration in life blue, without any
been spelled with the -us termination must yellow. Maxilla with scales
be emended to end in -a (ICZN, Article P. waltervadi, n. sp.
31b). (See Carpenter 1987:5 fora discussion 3b. Caudal fin forked (Fig. 1B-E). In
ofthe gender ofParacaesio. life caudal fin and much of upper
)
Species ofParacaesio.—Anderson (1987) body yellow or if yellow absent,
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
446
general body color dark violet. margin of caudal fin becoming
Maxilla with or without scales 4 rounded with age (Fig. 1G, H)
. .
4a. General body color dark violet; fins (Senta in Kyushin et al. 1982:68)
reddish brown. Preopercle with one P. kusakarii Abe, 1960;
to three rows of scales peripheral central and western Pacific
to and usually distinctly separated 7a. General color cerulean blue, with-
from main group of cheek scales. out vertical bars. Caudal fin lunate
Maxilla without scales (Fig. II)
P. sordida Abe & Shinohara, 1962; P. caerulea (Katayama, 1934);
. .
Indo-west Pacific western Pacific
4b. Caudal fin, upperpart ofcaudal pe- 7b. General color light brown dorsally
duncle, and upper side of body to and silver ventrally with four or
anterior end of dorsal fin yellow; five broad brown to dark gray ver-
remainder of body mostly blue. tical bars on body extending from
Preopercle without rows of scales dorsal surface to midline or below
peripheral to main group ofcheek midline laterally. Caudal fin emar-
scales. Maxilla with or without ginate (Fig. 1J)
&
scales P. xanthura complex P. stonei Raj Seeto, 1983;
5a. Maxilla with scales. Caudal fin lu- central and western Pacific
nate (middle of distal margin of
caudal fin ofP. kusakariibecoming
Paracaesio paragrapsimodon
rounded with age, Fig.lG, H) . . . 6 Anderson & Kailola, new species, and
5b. Maxilla without scales. Caudal fin &
P. waltervadi Anderson Collette,
lunate or emarginate (Fig. II, J) 7
. . new species
6a. Yellowband runningfrom anterior
endoflateralline obliquelyto about Because Paracaesio paragrapsimodon
middle of dorsal fin. Eight broad andP. waltervadiareidentical in manytraits,
dark vertical bars in life (still rec- it is appropriate, in order to avoid repeti-
ognizable on holotype when ex- tion, to characterize these two species under
amined in Dec 1982, several years a single heading and then to elaborate as
after preservation). Nape without necessary under the respective species ac-
pronounced hump. Middle ofdis- counts. The observations presented herein
tal margin ofcaudal fin not round- apply to the four type specimens of these
ed with age two new species.
&
P. gonzalesi Fourmanoir Rivaton, Dorsal-fin rays X, 10. Anal-fin rays III,
1979; western Pacific1 8. Pectoral-fin rays 17. Pelvic-fin rays I, 5.
6b. No oblique yellow band on side of Principal caudal-fin rays 9 + 8; branched
body. Fourbroad dark vertical bars rays 8 + 7. Branchiostegal rays 7. Cheek
on upper side of body. Large in- scale rows 7. Vertebrae 24 (10 precaudal +
dividuals with pronounced hump 14 caudal). Formula for predorsal (=supra-
on nape as a result of higher su- neural) bones, anterior neural spines, and
praoccipital crest. Middle ofdistal anterior dorsal pterygiophores 0/0/0 + 2/1
+ 1/1/ (using symbolization ofAhlstrom et
al. 1976). Pleural ribs on vertebrae 3 through
&
1 Raj Seeto (1983) reported that P. gonzalesi has 10. Parhypural and five hypurals present;
a naked maxilla, but the first author examined the & &
holotype ofthis species and found scales on the max- hypurals: 1 2 fused, 3 4 fused, 5 au-
illae. Maxillary squamation may be a labile character togenous. Epurals 3.
in P. gonzalesi, as it is in the P. xanthura complex. Mouth terminal. Premaxillae protrusile.
VOLUME NUMBER
105, 3 447
Maxilla reaching posteriorly to a vertical
well past anterior border ofeye. No supra-
maxilla. Preopercle without spine at angle.
Free margin ofinteropercle smooth. Dorsal
fin single, not incised between spinous and
soft portions. Ventral (trailing) edge ofanal
fin almost parallel to ventral body contour.
Pectoral fin asymmetrical, longest rays in
dorsalpart offin. Lateral linecomplete, run-
ning parallel to dorsal body contour below
dorsal fin and near mid-lateral axis ofbody
on caudal peduncle. Scales finely ctenoid,
with rows of ctenial bases (Hughes 1981)
No
present proximal to marginal cteni. sec-
ondary squamation. Cheek, interopercle,
subopercle, opercle, and temporal region
scaly; predorsal scales extending anteriorly
to about level of middle ofeye; fairly wide
naked band ventral and posterior to orbit,
this band continuous with naked lachrymal
region anteriorly and naked part of inter-
orbital region posterodorsally; naked band
running obliquely from interorbital region
anteriorly to scale bone (superficial projec-
J
tion ofposttemporal bone) posteriorly—this
naked band separatingtemporal scales from Fig. 1. Caudal-fin shapes in species ofParacaesio.
predorsal scales; temporal scales usually in A, Paratype of P. paragrapsimodon, AMS I. 31427-
mm
two groups separated by a scaleless area— 001, 197 SL; Basilisk Passage, offPort Moresby,
anteroventral group composed of small Papua New Guinea. B, P. sordida, BPBM 1 1 143, 269
mm SL; Ua Pou, Marquesas Islands. C, Putative syn-
scales, posterodorsal group of large scales RMNH
typeofCaesioxanthura(=P. xanthura), 3948,
(of about same size as other head scales); 128 mm SL; offMadagascar. D, HolotypeofP. pedleyi
remainder of head without scales (except (may = P. xanthura), AMS I. 13885, 306 mm SL; off
maxilla scaly in P. waltervadi). Dorsal and Lord Howe Island. E, Putative holotype of Aetiasis
anal fins without scales; other fins scaly ba- canthmarmoides(apparently = P. xanthura), SAM 18430,
355 SL; off Durban, Natal, Republic of South
sally; pelvic axillary and interpelvic pro- USNM
Africa. F, Holotype ofP. waltervadi, 307769,
cesses well developed. 412 mm SL; Walters Shoals, Madagascar Ridge. G, P.
kusakarii, GMBL 76-436, 353 mm SL; Dumbea Pass,
New Caledonia. H, P. kusakarii (redrawn from Kyu-
Paracaesio paragrapsimodon mm BPBM
shin et al. 1982), 544 SL. I, P. caerulea,
Anderson & Kailola, new species 19170, 315 mm SL; fish market, Naha, Okinawa. J, P.
GMBL mm
Figs. 1A, 2A, 3; Table 1 stonei, 81-65, ca. 400 SL; off Masefau,
-USNM mm Tutuila Island, American Samoa. (Broken lines indi-
Holotype. 269287, 275 SL, cate reconstructions ofbroken caudal-fin lobes.)
male; Ponape, Caroline Islands; R. Croft;
1984.
-AMS mm A
Paratype. 1.31427-001, 197 Diagnosis.— species ofParacaesio dis-
SL, male; Basilisk Passage, offPort Mores- tinguished by the presence ofseveral prom-
by, Papua New Guinea; 200 m; L. Aitsi; inent exserted canine teeth at anterior ends
Feb 1988; handline. ofupper and lowerjaws (compare Fig. 2A,
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
448
Table 1.—Data on morphometric characters for Paracaesio paragrapsimodon and P. waltervadi. Standard
lengths are in mm; other measurements, in percentages ofstandard length; > = slightly damaged, bk. = broken.
P. paragrapsimodon P. waltervadi
Holotype Paratype Holotype Paratype
USNM AMSI. USNM IOAN
Character 269287 31427-001 307769 uncat.
Standard length 275 197 412 429
Head, length 28.7 30.2 27.0 27.5
Snout, length 9.1 8.5 8.3 9.0
Orbit, diameter 8.0 10.2 6.8 6.6
Postorbital length ofhead 12.1 13.2 12.1 12.8
Lowerjaw to branchiostegal
membranes 10.2 12.2 10.0 9.8
Upperjaw, length 11.2 11.5 10.0 10.7
Maxilla, width 3.3 4.1 3.0 3.0
Lowerjaw, length 13.3 14.2 11.7 12.2
Interorbital width 9.1 9.6 9.3 10.5
Suborbital depth 1.9 1.9 1.8 2.0
Internarial distance 0.36 0.33 0.44 0.29
Posterior naris to orbit 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.9
Longest tooth, upperjaw 1.05 0.84 ca. 0.36 0.30
Longest tooth, lowerjaw 0.84 0.86 ca. 0.39 0.33
Body, depth 32.9 34.9 34.9 34.4
Predorsal length 37.2 37.6 36.3 36.5
Preanal length 60.4 62.3 65.8 62.2
Caudal peduncle, length 18.7 21.9 22.0 21.0
Caudal peduncle, depth 8.1 9.0 9.0 9.8
Pectoral fin, length >31.9 35.6 28.4 25.5
Pelvic fin, length 20.1 20.8 18.9 18.9
Anal fin base, length 19.8 21.0 18.6 21.4
Anal fin, length 29.7 33.4 >28.5 >30.5
Upper caudal-fin lobe, length 30.5 32.9 >30.8 bk.
Lower caudal-fin lobe, length 29.5 32.9 >27.8 bk.
—
Caudal concavity ca. 16.7 20.0 ca. 13.7
First dorsal spine, length ca. 5.9 >5.7 6.3 6.9
Third dorsal spine, length bk. 14.7 11.3 > 1 1.6
Longest dorsal spine, length bk. > 15.5 (4th) 12.3 (4th) bk.
Penultimate dorsal soft ray >12.4 17.0 >11.3 bk.
Ultimate dorsal soft ray >8.8 10.8 10.1 bk.
First anal spine, length >3.5 5.0 4.3 >3.6
Second anal spine, length >7.1 9.0 6.0 >6.8
Third anal spine, length bk. 9.8 >6.8 >7.7
Penultimate anal soft ray ca. 11.1 15.0 >11.4 >11.6
Ultimate anal soft ray 8.2 9.6 >10.4 9.7
B, & C; longest tooth in upperjaw 9.9-1 1.6% combined description of P. paragrapsimo-
snout length, 6.3-8.7% postorbital head don and P. waltervadi and those in the spe-
length; longest tooth in lowerjaw 9.2-10.2% cies diagnosis are part of the species de-
snout length, 6.5-6.9% postorbital head scription. Data for the paratype are
length); tubed scales in lateral line 69 or 70; presented in parentheses where they differ
maxilla without scales; caudal fin deeply from those for the holotype. Depth ofbody
forked. 3.05 (2.85), length ofhead 3.50 (3.30) in SL.
—
Description. Characters included in the Length of snout 3.15 (3.55), orbital diam-
VOLUME NUMBER
105, 3 449
eter 3.60 (2.95), interorbital width 3.15 in
length of head. Additional morphometric
data appear in Table 1. Procurrent caudal-
fin rays 13 (12) dorsally, 12 ventrally.
Pseudobranchial filaments ca. 46 (ca. 37).
Gillrakers 9 + 20 (21)-total 29 (30), no
rudiments present. Tubed lateral-line scales
69 left, 70 right. Predorsal scales ca. 22 (21).
Scale rows between middle ofspinous dor-
sal fin and lateral line 7 (8). Scales between
origin ofdorsal fin and lateral line 9 (ca. 9).
Scales between origin ofanal fin and lateral
line 18(19). Circum-caudal-peduncle scales
28 (ca. 28). Posteriormost 8 (7) complete
pterygiophores of dorsal fin and posterior-
most 6 of anal fin trisegmental. Epipleural
B
ribs associated with first 8 (9) vertebrae.
Flap on posterior border ofanterior naris
falling slightly short ofposterior naris when
reflected. Anteriormost part of fleshy orbit
of holotype with numerous short papillae.
Both free margins of preopercle almost
smooth except for small serrae in region of
angle. Free margin of subopercle smooth.
Longest gillrakers longer than longest gill
filaments. Two dorsalmost and two ven-
tralmost pectoral-fin rays unbranched, oth-
er rays branched; pectoral fin reaching to
about a vertical through base ofsecond dor-
sal soft ray (vertical between bases offourth
and fifth dorsal soft rays) and reaching ver-
tical through base of third anal spine (ver-
tical through base offirst anal soft ray). Pel-
vic fin inserted a little posterior to base of
Fig. 2. Anteriorjawdentitioninthreenominalspe-
pectoral fin, tip reaching vertical through ciesofParacaesio. A,HolotypeofP.paragrapsimodon,
base oftenth dorsal spine, falling well short USNM269287, 275 mmSL; Ponape,CarolineIslands.
of anal fin. Caudal fin deeply forked. An- B, Holotype ofP. pedleyi (may = P. xanthura), AMS
teroventral group of temporal scales com- I. 13885, 306 mm SL; offLord Howe Island. C, Pu-
tative syntype of Caesio xanthura (=P. xanthura),
posed of one or two rows of small scales, RMNH mm
3948, 128 SL; offMadagascar.
posterodorsal group ofthree or four rows of
large scales.
Dentition.—Holotype: Premaxilla with a band ofvery small teeth paralleling outer
outerrow ofcaniniform teeth; two very well- row ofteeth, this band expanded anteriorly
developedexserted canines on each side near into a triangular patch in area adjacent to
symphysial diastema; a single caniniform symphysis. Dentary with outer row ofcon-
tooth on each side of and immediately ad- ical teeth along side ofjaw; paralleling this
jacent to diastema—these two teeth slightly row medially a band of smaller conical
posterior to most anterior canines; medially teeth—band expanded adjacent to sym-
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
450
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VOLUME 105, NUMBER 3 451
physial diastema; four very well-developed, the maxilla; from P. sordida by absence of
strongly exserted canines on left (three on preopercular scales peripheral to main group
right) at anterior end of jaw; on right a ofcheek scales; and from all species except
smaller canine close to posterolateral base P. sordidaandthose oftheP. xanthuracom-
of exserted canine nearest symphysis. Vo- plex by shape of the caudal fin (Fig. 1).
merine teeth small—in roughly triangular Distribution. —Known only from the type
patch, with apex of patch directed anteri- specimens, one collected in the western Pa-
orly. Palatine with narrow band of small cific Ocean offPonape, Caroline Islands, and
teeth. No teeth on tongue or pterygoids. the other in Basilisk Passage, off Port
Paratype: Dentition similar to that ofho- Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Depth of
lotype except teeth in inner band on pre- capture, 200 m, is known only for the spec-
maxilla relatively larger than in holotype imen from Basilisk Passage.
and band not as expanded anteriorly as in Etymology.—The name paragrapsimo-
holotype; on dentary inner band of teeth don is from the Greek—paragrapsimos (ex-
developed only at anterior end ofjaw. ceptional), odon (tooth)—referring to the
—No
Live coloration. information avail- prominent exserted canine teeth at anterior
able on live coloration of holotype. When ends of upper and lower jaws of this new
freshly caught, body of paratype was deep species. The name of this new species is a
metallic blue; proximal halves ofsoft dorsal noun in apposition to thegeneric name Par-
and soft anal fins pale yellow, with yellow acaesio.
extending onto dorsalmost part ofback and
dorsal part ofcaudal peduncle; yellow along
middle of each caudal-fin lobe and at pos- Paracaesio waltervadi
terior margin ofcaudal fin. Anderson & Collette, new species
Coloration in alcohol—Holotype: Gen- Figs. IF, 4; Table 1
eral body color gray; dorsum ofhead much &
Paracaesio sp., Collette Parin, 1991:11,
darker; evidence of what may have been
pi. If(briefdescription and color illustra-
vertical bars on sides of body; dorsal-fin
tion; two specimens collected at Walters
membrane dusky; pectoral, pelvic, and anal
Shoals during R/V Vityaz cruise 17).
fins mostly hyaline; caudal-fin membrane
-USNM mm
for most part straw colored to dusky, hya- Holotype. 307769, 412 SL
line distally. male; Walters Shoals, Madagascar Ridge
Paratype: Body slate blue dorsally and western Indian Ocean; 33°12'S, 43°52'E; 18-
laterally, grayish ventrally; scaleless part of 40 m; R/V Vityaz cruise 17, station 2751
dorsum of head purplish blue, scaly part 22 Dec 1988; handline.
darker; sides of head bluish gray to gray, Paratype. —IOAN uncat., 429 mm SL
lighter ventrally; fins similar to those of male; Walters Shoals, Madagascar Ridge
holotype. western Indian Ocean; 33°16'S, 43°53'E, 35-
Comparisons. —Paracaesio paragrapsi- 40 m; R/V Vityaz cruise 17, station 2683a
modon is readily distinguished from all oth- 11 Dec 1988; handline.
A
er species of Paracaesio by the possession Diagnosis.— species ofParacaesio dis-
of prominent exserted canine teeth at an- tinguished by the following combination of
terior ends ofupper and lowerjaws and by characters: tubed scales in lateral line 69 or
the pattern ofcoloration; from P. caerulea, 70; maxilla with scales; caudal fin lunate;
P. gonzalesi, P. kusakarii, and P. stonei by coloration in life blue; jaws without prom-
its high count oflateral-line scales (69 or 70 inentexsertedteeth anteriorly(longesttooth
vs. 47-50); from P. gonzalesi, P. kusakarii, in upperjaw 3.4-ca. 4.4% snout length, 2.4-
and P. waltervadi by absence of scales on ca. 3.0% postorbital head length; longest
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