Two Greek Magical Papyri in the National Museum of Antiquities in Leiden: A Photographic Edition of J 384 and 395 (=PGM XII and XIII)

118 Pages·1991·6.49 MB·German

by  Robert W. Daniel (eds.)

I.
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WISSENSC~
ABHANDLUNGEN
DER RHEINISCH-WESTFÄLISCHEN AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN
Sonderreihe
PAPYROLOGICA COLONIENSIA
Herausgegeben von der
Rheinisch-Westfälischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
in Verbindung mit der Universität zu Köln
Vol. XIX
PAPYROLOGICA COLONIENSIA . VOL. XIX
TWO GREEK MAGICAL PAPYRI
IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
OF ANTIQUITIES IN LEIDEN
A PHOTOGRAPHIC EDITION OF J 384 AND J 395
(=PGM XII AND XIII)
edited by
Robert W. Daniel
SPRINGER FACHMEDIEN WIESBADEN GMBH
In Zusammenarbeit mit der Arbeitsstelle für Papyrusforschung im Institut für Altertumskunde
der Universität zu Köln
Leiter: Professor Dr. Reinhold Merkelbach
Das Manuskript
wurde von der Klasse für Geisteswissenschaften
am 18. April 1990
in die Sonderreihe der Abhandlungen aufgenommen.
CIP-Titelaufnahme der Deutschen Bibliothek
Two Greek magical papyri in the National Museum of
Antiquities in Leiden. - A photogr. ed. of J 384 and J 395
(= PGM XII and XIII) / ed. by Robert W. Daniel. [In
Zusammenarbeit mit der Arbeitsstelle für Papyrusfor
schung im Institut für Altertumskunde der Universität zu
Köln]. - Opladen : Westdt. Verl., 1991
(Abhandlungen der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Akademie
der Wissenschaften : Sonderreihe Papyrologica Colo
niensia ; Vol. 19)
ISBN 978-3-663-05378-1 ISBN 978-3-663-05377-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-663-05377-4
NE: Daniel, Robert W. [Hrsg.]; Rheinisch-Westfälische
Akademie der Wissenschaften (Düsseldorf): Abhandlun
gen der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Akademie der Wissen
schaften / Sonderreihe Papyrologica Coloniensia
Der Westdeutsche Verlag ist ein Unternehmen der Verlagsgruppe Bertelsmann International
© 1991 by Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
Ursprünglich erschienen bei Westdeutscher Verlag GmbH, Opladen 1991
ISSN 0078-9410
ISBN 978-3-663-05378-1
CONTENTS
Preface ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. vii
Introduction ................................ ix
Suggestions towards the Improvement of PGM XII (J 384) .............. xiv
Suggestions towards the Improvement of PGM XIII (J 395) . . . . . . . . . . .. xxiv
J 384: Photographs and Transcription . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1
J 395: Photographs and Transcription ......................... 31
Appendix:
A.Brinkmann, "Ein Schreibgebrauch und seine Bedeutung für die Textkritik,"
reprinted from Rheinisches Museum für Philologie 57 (1902) 481-497 ......... 83
PREFACE
I would like to extend my thanks to Dr. M.l Raven, the curator of the Egyptian
Department of the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden in Leiden, who granted permission to
publish the photographs of J 384 and 395 and allowed me to inspect the originals, as weIl
as to the museum's photographers, M.J. Bomhof and A. De Kemp, for providing the
prints. My gratitude also goes to the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for supporting
this project, and to the Rheinisch-Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften for
including this volume in the present series and for a subsidy towards the cost of its
publication. Finally I would like to thank R. Merkelbach for his help in connection with
this project.
Robert W. Daniel
INTRODUCTION
The papyri J 384 (previously V) and J 395 (previously W) of the National Museum of
Antiquities in Leiden are now usually consulted in K. Preisendanz' standard edition,
Papyri Graecae Magicae (Stuttgart 19742), and referred to as PGM XII and XIII
respective1y. These two large papyri are among the most important magical texts that have
survived from late antiquity - especially J 395 with its famous 'Leiden Cosmogony'.
The papyri were fIrst published more than a hundred years ago by C. Leemans, thereafter
by A. Dieterich, and then by K. Preisendanz (see pp. xii-xiii for editions and abbrevi
ations). Our understanding of these texts has progressed by stages over the last hundred
years due to the efforts of these and other scholars, but numerous diffIculties in both texts
still await solution. It is primarily towards this end that the present photographic edition
with diplomatic transcriptions is offered to the scholarly public.
It is also hoped that this edition may be used in university classrooms for exercise in
palaeography and textual criticism. Because of its marginal notations and occasional false
insertions of such material into the text, J 395 (PGM XIII) has already been the object of
text-critical scrutiny. It was discussed at length by A. Brinkmann in "Ein Schreibge
brauch und seine Bedeutung für die Textkritik," Rheinisches Museum 57 (1902) 481-97,
where he recommended various ways to diagnose and heal passages that were corrupted
by uncomprehending copyists who had falsely inserted marginalia into the text. Because
of this article scholars have occasionally spoken of emending texts by the application of
'Brinkmann's rule', although it is probably better said that his recommendations amount
not so much to a fIxed rule, but to a methodology that can be applied flexibly. Because of
the importance of his article, whieh deals largely with J 395 (PGM XIII), it is reprinted
here in an appendix.
The transeriptions were prepared largely on the basis of photographs, and where the
photographs left room for doubt, I eheeked the readings against the originals in Leiden.
In the course of preparing the transeriptions, a number of suggestions oeeurred to me
towards the improvement of the texts as edited in PGM XII and XIII. These are
presented below on pp. xiv-xxviLMost of them merely eorreet typographie or mechan
ical mistakes, but new readings and interpretations are offered as weIl. These suggestions
are by no means a comprehensive treatment of the many diffleuities that still beset the text,
and I have generally refrained from evaluating the merits of other seholars' eonjeetures.
Deseription of the Papyri
J 384 (= PGM XII)
J 384 is a roll that is now divided and glassed in six sections. The height of the roll is
22-23 cm; its length when intaet was 360 cm. Both sides of the roll are often in a poor
state of preservation; there has been eonsiderable abrasion, especially damaging to Co!. I
x Introduction
of the Greek text; and both sides of the roll were lacquered with a 'protective covering'
that has darkened and wrinkled, which makes for difficult reading in a number of places.
The recto of the roll contains an important demotic text first edited by W. Spiegelberg,
Der ägyptische Mythos vom Sonnenauge (Straßburg 1917). This text is now best
consulted in Fr. de CenivaI, Le mythe de l'oei! du soleil. Translitteration et traduction
avec commentaire philologique (Demotische Studien 9, Sommerhausen 1988), wh ich is
accompanied by a compiete set of excellent photographs of the entire recto.
The Greek text of J 384 that is dealt with here is inscribed on the verso against the
fibers in thirteen columns. The Greek text is flanked by demotic - two columns on the
left1 and four on the right.2 This demotic text consists of magical speIls that have been
edited with photographs by Janet H. Johnson, "The Demotic Magical SpeIls of Leiden I
384," Oudheidkundige Mededelingen uit het Rijksmuseum van Oudheden te Leiden 56
(1975) 29-64 with plates VIII-XII. Demotic columns 15, 16 and 17 contain Greek sec
tions of which transcriptions are provided here, but not photographs, as these can be
consulted in Johnson's edition. What were transcribed as magical words in PGM XII
445-52 (Co!. 14) have been shown to be Old Coptic glosses to the demotic text,3 and
hence nothing is transcribed of Co!. 14 in the present edition.
Most of the Greek columns have widths varying between 18 and 20 cm; exceptions are
columns 10 (16 cm broad) and 13 (11 cm broad). Intercolumnia vary between 0.5 and 4
cm, but as a rule they are about 2 cm. The Greek hand can be dated to ca. 300-350 AD.
The photographs of J 384 that are reproduced here have been reduced by some 15%.
J 395 (= PGM XIII)
J 395 is a papyrus codex consisting of a single quire4 that was constructed out of 8
sheets = 16 leaves = 32 pages. The first leaf is missing, and so the pages that are now
numbered 1, 2, 3 etc. were originally 3, 4, 5 etc. Page size (H x W) is 26.5 x 15-15.5
cm. Before the 8 sheets were folded, all rectos faced upwards with the fibers running
horizontally. The surviving folded pages show the following arrangement of recto and
verso:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1213 14 15 16 17 18 192021 2223 24252627282930
The sequence ~ ~ ~ ~ shows that pages 13-16 constituted originally the middle of the
quire.
The formal, angular, generally cramped hand that inscribed most of the codex (h1)
tends to slope to the right. At page 21, line 23 XOAOUE (or perhaps some words earlier) a
1 Demotic columns 11* and 1*.
=
2 Columns 14, 15, 16, 17 demotic columns IV, III, 11, I.
3 See J.H. Johnson, loc. eit., pp. 38-39, 48-49; eadem in Betz, Translation, pp. 169-70. For the
same reasons PGM XII 453 from Col. 15 as weIl as 466-68 and 471-73 from Col. 16 have not been
transcribed in the present edition.
4 On single-quire codices, see E.G. Turner, The Typology 0/ the Early Codex, pp. 57-60.
Introduction xi
second hand (h2) took over and wrote to the end of page 25; pages 26-30 are blank. By
comparison with the first hand, the second is round, relaxed, upright, and sometimes
semi-cursive. The second hand strikes me as being responsible also for the flrst four
lines in the upper margin of page 4, the last two lines in the lower margin of page 9, and
the three lines in the lower margin of page 19. The flrst hand is characteristic of the
middle of the fourth century AD; by itself the second hand might have been dated
somewhat earlier.
The photographs of J 395 that are reproduced here have been reduced by some 25%.
Method of Publication
The transcriptions that accompany the photographs are semi-diplomatic. The Greek is
printed without accents; breathing and punctuation appear only were the scribe supplied
them. However, when word division is certain or close to certain, it is given, and so are
certain or nearly certain restorations.
The following editorial signs with their usual meanings are used in the semi-diplomatic
transcriptions:
[] lacuna
L J now a lacuna, but read on the papyrus by earlier editors
[ II
deletion by the scribe
insertion above the line
The high strokes' , are not used consistently; for the sake of clarity, letters are put above
the line of writing when the supralinear letter is supposed to replace the letter written fIrst,
Le. 't~ and 't1~)V rather than the uneconomical and confusing 'to'ro'v5 and 't[oB'ro'v. All
dots under the line of writing are editorial:6 those within brackets indicate the estimated
number of letters lost or deleted, those outside brackets illegible letters, and those under
letters uncertain readings.
*
A raised asterisk in the apparatus criticus of the transcriptions marks words or Ion ger
passages that are discussed in the suggestions towards the improvement of PGM XII and
XIII in pp. xiv-xxvii below.
Three editorial signs which are not to be found in the semi-diplomatic transcriptions
are used in the suggestions towards the improvement of PGM XII and XIII below in pp.
xiv-xxvii. These signs are:
{} editorial deletion
( > mistaken omission in the original
asterisk under a letter indicates that it has been changed from
*
what one sees on the papyrus.
r
5 When 't~v was intended to mean 'toov, neither 't R0 00' v nor 't {0 }' 00' v seems appropriate in a
diplomatie transeription.
6 So as 10 avoid eonfusion, deletion by expunetion is not represented by dots above or below tetters in
the transcriptions, but like other kinds of deletion by R ).
xii Introduction
Preisendanz rarely printed dots under letters, probably to spare printing costs, and he
tended to give letters either without dots as if they were completely preserved and certain,
an,
or to put them inside brackets as if they were not to be seen at whereas in both cases a
dot under the letter would have been the preferable practice. Most of these minor diver
gences between the present dotted transcriptions and Preisendanz' by and large undotted
ones are not noted in the apparatus criticus. In other respects the apparatus is as spare as
possible and concemed exc1usively with readings; for most matters it is assumed that
scholars who consult this book have at hand PGM's normalized transcriptions and fuller
critical apparatus as an aid to interpretation.7
Abbreviations
The abbreviations for the names of scholars whose readings are referred to in the
apparatus are the same as those used in PGM:
L=Leemans For J 384 and 395: C. Leemans, Papyri Graeci Musei Anti
quarii Publici Lugduni-Batavi, Tomus 11 (Leiden 1885).
R=Reuvens C.J.C. Reuvens. Leemans' edition was based almost com
pletely on Reuvens' hand-drawn transcriptions (see e.g. intro
ductions to PGM XII and XIII), and so as to credit the latter an
R is usually placed before L(eemanns). Reuvens' tran scrip
tions were not available to me, but when it was possible to tell
from the remarks of earlier editors that there was a difference
in reading between the two Dutch scholars, then R(euvens)
and L(eemans) are referred to separately.
D = Dieterich For J 384: A. Dieterich, Papyrus Magica Musei Lugdunensis
Batavi quam C. Leemans edidit in Papyrorum Graecarum
Tomo II (V), Jahrbücher für c1assische Philologie, Supplbd.
16 (Leipzig 1888), pp. 747-828. The introductory section (pp.
749-792) of this edition was reprinted in Dieterich's Kleine
Schriften (Leipzig - Berlin 1911), pp. 1-47.
For J 395: A. Dieterich, Abraxas: Studien zur Religions
geschichte des späteren Altertums (Leipzig 1891).
7 For further material on PGM XII and XIII, see K. Preisendanz, "Die griechischen Zauberpapyri,"
Archiv für Papyrusforschung 8 (1927) 104-167, esp. 120-123. More recent literature on these texts is to
be listed in W. Brashear's forthcoming Greek Magical Papyri: A Survey, scheduled to appear in Aufstieg
und Niedergang der Römischen Welt