Two Exotic Ferns, Dryopteris Erythrosora and Marsilea Quadrifolia, Newly Naturalized in Arkansas

2008·1.2 MB·English

by  John Simpson

m
SHORTER NOTES
Km
alongside
Rt. 155 near marker an N
57.6, at elevation of 158 m, 18 22'
W
39.6" 66° May
25'
26.2". Collected 19 2006 by S.W. Shaw,
M.S. Barker #453,
and
known
S.V. Sprunt. Previously
Puerto Rico
distribution:
Adjuntas,'
Aguas
Buenas,
Arecibo, Barranquitas, Bayamon,
Cayey, Coamo,
Guayanilla,
Guaynabo,
Gurabo,
Isabela, Maricao, Mayagiiez,
Naranjito, Quebradillas,
Toa
Baja, Utuado, Vega Alta, Yabucoa, and Yauco. Of wide
occurrence
growing
in lowlands and mountains
areas in the western and
central part of
the
island.
We
thank Hickey
and
R.J. for his assistance the use of his Puerto Rico
lab,
department
and
of Natural Environmental
Resources
for collecting permits, the
Willard Sherman
Herbarium Miami
Turrell (MU)
University
at funding,
for
and Ken Grabach map
W.
for assistance. Shaw, Department
S. of Botany!
University Hawaii Manoa,
of Honolulu, HI
at 96822, [email protected],
S.
V. Sprunt, Department Miami OH
of Botany,
University, Oxford, USA,
45056,
and M.
Barker, Department
S. of Biology, Indiana
University, Bloomington, IN
USA.
47405,
Two
Exotic Ferns, Dryopteris erythrosora and Marsilea Newly
quadrifolia,
Naturalized Arkansas.—
in Continued field work on the Arkansas has
flora
led to the discovery of two non-native species of ferns that have escaped from
and become
cultivation
established as persistent plants in natural settings in
Two
Arkansas. Simpson
years John
ago, noticed
a curious, single plant of
on
Dryopteris the edge of an old timber access road through the lower portion
of his property in Hot Spring County, Arkansas. The
property
located
is
approximately seven miles southwest Hot
of Springs Ouachita
in the
Mountain
The
region of Arkansas. fern persisted through two winters, grew
to 8 fronds, was fertile, and did not quite the reported species known
fit in
Arkansas. During the 2007 Arkansas Native Plant Society annual
fall meeting,
was
the fern presented as a "puzzle" plant to the members. The fern was
examined
by the authors and identified as Dryopteris erythrosora (D.C. Eaton)
Autumn
Kuntze, an Asian and commonly
Fern, exotic cultivated
log fern
found
and
in arboreta ferneries in the southeastern United The
States.
lowland
portion of the preserve a Quercus rubra (Northern Red Oak) and
is L.
Carya
alba Nutt. ex (Mockemut) dominated with minor
(L.) Ell. forest
amounts
of Acer rubrum (Red Maple) and Liquidambar
L. styraciflua
L.
A
(Sweet Gum). owner
previous introduced Pinus taeda
L. (Loblolly Pine)
to
now
the site as a timber crop. Those mature pine trees are being harvested,
returning canopy
the forest to native species composition. Other
its ferns
present were Asplenium platyneuron &
(L.) Britton, Sterns, Poggenberg,
Athyrium
filix-femina Roth ex Mert. var. asplenioides (Michx.)
(L.) Farwell,
Botrychium
biternatum Underw., Equisetum hyemale Osmunda
(Sav.)
L.
cinnamomea
Polystichum
acrostichoides (Michx.)
L., Schott, Pteridium
VOLUME NUMBER
AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL:
98
112 2 (2008)
Kuhn pseudocaudatum and Woodwardia
aquilinum var. (Clute) Heller,
(L.)
Moore.
areolata
(L.)
Autumn The
The
Fern spore source not local to the preserve. closest
is
Woodland mi on
potential source Garvan Gardens, located 10 to the east the
is
southeast of Hot Springs, Garland County, Arkansas. There the fern has
A
naturalized and spread from cultivation. secondary potential source 150
is
Union
miles distant in southern Arkansas on private property at Calion,
The known.
County, Arkansas. actual source not This report the
is is first
away
instance in Arkansas where the fern has escaped well from any potential
and and
source plant by long distance dispersal of spores has established
matured into a successful colonization that can replicate itself in the preserve
The
by local spore dispersal. lack of similar reports from other states,
published or in web-based data bases also suggests that this might be the first
such report the United The fern has not been eradicated from the
for States.
A
ARKANSAS:
Hot Spring Co.: single plant of eight fronds with four fertile,
persisting for two years along an old timber access road (Weyerhaeuser 33150)
near the Garland Co. line, at the base of a western peak on the north side of
Trapp Mountain, within the Simpson Preserve, now owned and managed by
R21W
the Nature Conservancy as Trap Mountain Preserve; T4S Si
3.
Vouchered 13 October 2007 by Witsell 07-578 (ANHC) and 30 October 2007
by Peck 07-2041 LRU; compared material from Garvan Woodland Gardens,
to
Crank 07-142 (LRU).
Marsilea quadrifolia European Waterclover Fern, was discovered the
L., for
summer
time in Arkansas during a preliminary survey of the shore and
first
km
aquatic macrophytes flora found along the lower 6 of the Little Maumelle
River, where empties into the Arkansas River, just west of the City of Little
it
Rock western Pulaski County, Arkansas. Along downstream
in this reach, the
broadens and slows, becoming almost and dominated with
river slough-like,
is
Taxodium distichum Rich. (Bald Cypress) and Nyssa aquatica (Tupelo
(L.) L.
Gum). Here the river supports a particularly rich aquatic macrophyte
flora
many
composed
of native emergent, and submerged macrophytes
floating-leaf,
and exotic and invasive species, such as Hydrilla Royal
verticillata
(L.f.)
(Water-thyme) and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (Water Hyacinth). The
fern population appeared to be of one patch or spreading clone, suggestive or a
recent introduction, probably by waterfowl. The population will be monitored.
Previous reports of this species in Arkansas were misidentified Marsilea
&
Hook.
Grev. Water-clover
vestita (Prairie Fern).
ARKANSAS:
Growing
Pulaski Co.: with floating-leaf and emergent macro-
phytes vegetation on the north shore of the Maumelle 200 meters
Little River,
upstream of the Pinnacle Valley Road bridge spans T2N R13W
that the
river;
Vouchered on 16 2007 by Peck 07-1514 (LRU).— and
S7. July John Simpson
Don Crank, Hot Springs, AR, Theo Arkansas
C. Witsell, Natural Heritage
Commission (ANHC), Rock, AR, and
Little James H. Peck, University of
-
Rock
Arkansas (LRU), Rock, AR.
Little Little