Twitter, the Public Sphere, and the Chaos of Online Deliberation PDF
Preview Twitter, the Public Sphere, and the Chaos of Online Deliberation
Twitter, the Public Sphere, and the Chaos of Online Deliberation Edited by Gwen Bouvier · Judith E. Rosenbaum Twitter, the Public Sphere, and the Chaos of Online Deliberation Gwen Bouvier • Judith E. Rosenbaum Editors Twitter, the Public Sphere, and the Chaos of Online Deliberation Editors Gwen Bouvier Judith E. Rosenbaum English Department Department of Communication and Zhejiang University Journalism Hangzhou, China University of Maine Orono, ME, USA ISBN 978-3-030-41420-7 ISBN 978-3-030-41421-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41421-4 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: Alex Linch shutterstock.com Cover design: eStudioCalamar This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland C ontents 1 Communication in the Age of Twitter: The Nature of Online Deliberation 1 Gwen Bouvier and Judith E. Rosenbaum Twitter and Democracy 2 Talking Points 13 References 15 Part I Political Contention and Civic Engagement 23 2 Going “Rogue”: National Parks, Discourses of American Identity and Resistance on Twitter 25 Joanne Marras Tate, Vincent Russell, Rachel Larsen, and Ellie Busch Introduction 25 Foucault and Identity Construction 27 The National Park Imaginary and US Identity 28 Twitter Activism and the National Park Service 30 National Identity in Connection to Land on Twitter 32 Methods 33 Findings 35 Discussion 46 Conclusion 48 References 48 v vi CONTENTS 3 Political Candidates’ Discussions on Twitter During Election Season: A Network Approach 53 Maurice Vergeer Introduction 53 The Dutch Electoral System 55 Twitter and Political Communication 56 Reciprocity and Network Homophily 56 Opinion Leadership 58 Preferential Attachment 59 Normalization Versus Equalization 60 Statistical Controls: Populism, Ideology, and Incumbency 61 Data, Measurements, and Analysis 62 Method 64 Results 64 Discussion 72 Conclusion 74 Appendix 75 References 75 4 #PeoplesVoteMarch or #LosersVoteMarch? Tracing the Collective Identity of a Post- Brexit Referendum Movement on Twitter 79 Photini Vrikki Introduction: The Multiple Identities of Brexit 79 The Hostile Environment of a Post-Referendum UK 81 The Brexit Identity Conundrum: Ephemerality in a Commentary Pit 83 Researching #PeoplesVoteMarch on Twitter 84 Tracing People’s Vote March’s Identities on Twitter 86 Conclusion: Building an Ambiguous Collective Identity 93 References 96 Part II Inside Twitter Communities: Communication Strategies in Networked Publics 99 CONTENTS vii 5 Civic Debate and Self-Care: Black Women’s Community Care Online 101 Raven Maragh-Lloyd Description of Study 103 Literature Review 104 Method: Focus Groups 108 Results: Civic Debate on Twitter Defined 110 Conclusion 117 References 118 6 The Voices of Twitter: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Racial Discourses on Twitter Following the Alt-Right March on Charlottesville, Virginia 121 Sarah J. V. Dyer and Leah Hakkola Introduction 121 Discourse 123 Public Sphere 124 Counterpublics 125 Post-Racial, Colorblind Racism 126 Resistance: Analyzing Charlottesville 128 Methodology 129 Findings 132 Discussion 143 Conclusion 144 References 146 7 Covert Hate Speech: White Nationalists and Dog Whistle Communication on Twitter 151 Prashanth Bhat and Ofra Klein Introduction 151 ‘Dog Whistle’ as a Discursive Strategy 153 Data and Methods 157 White Supremacist Dog Whistles on Twitter 159 Conclusion and Discussion 165 References 168 viii CONTENTS Part III The Role and Nature of Affect in Twitter Interactions 173 8 Patterns of Emotional Tweets: The Case of Brexit After the Referendum Results 175 Catherine Bouko and David Garcia Emotions, Dialogue, and Social Media 176 Method 185 Results 190 Discussion 195 Conclusion 199 References 200 9 An Exploratory Mixed-Method Analysis of Interpersonal Arguments on Twitter 205 Amy Janan Johnson and Ioana A. Cionea Interpersonal Arguments Offline and Online 207 Method 213 Results 217 Discussion 223 Conclusion 227 References 227 Part IV The Use of Humor and Popular Culture in Political Conversations on Twitter 233 10 Bros Before Donald Trump: Resisting and Replicating Hegemonic Ideologies in the #BROTUS Memes After the 2016 Election 235 Roberta Chevrette and Christopher M. Duerringer The 2016 U.S. Presidential Election and Memetic Citizenship 237 Social Media, Memetic Citizenship, and Everyday Politics 239 Analyzing Memes: #BROTUS and the 2016 Presidential Election 241 Methodology 242 Humor and Resistance in the #BROTUS Memes 243 CONTENTS ix Replicating Gendered and Racial Hegemonies in the #BROTUS Memes 249 Conclusion 256 References 258 11 #FamilyTravelHacks: Humor and Political Commentary in Hashtag Hijacking 267 Nathan J. Rodriguez Introduction 267 Situating #FamilyTravelHacks: Public Sphere and Echo Chambers 269 Government-Citizen Interaction in Online Spaces 270 Networked (Counter)Publics and the Role of Humor 271 @TravelGov 272 Zero-Tolerance Family Separation Policy 274 Methodology 275 Government Twitter Gone Wrong: Interactions and Negative Comments 276 Affiliative Humor, Interaction, and Counterpublics: #FamilyTravelHacks Migrates Beyond Twitter 278 Conclusion 281 References 283 12 Women in Horror, Social Activism, and Twitter: Asia Argento, Anna Biller, and the Soska Sisters 291 Ernest Mathijs Introduction: Blood Ties and Strong Ties 291 Social Media, Social Ties, and Aesthetics 293 Aim and Method 296 Blood Drive: Women in Horror Month 299 American Mary and the Soska Sisters 302 Horror Witches: Aesthetics and Anna Biller 304 Loss of Focus: Asia Argento 307 Conclusion 309 References 311 x CONTENTS 13 Afterword: Twitter and the Democratization of Politics 315 Gwen Bouvier and Judith E. Rosenbaum The Meaning of Political 317 Dissecting Resistance, Marginalization, and Dialogue 319 Community Formation on Twitter 321 Talking Points: Reconsidering Political Participation 321 References 322 Index 325
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