Turn-taking in English and Japanese - Projectability in Grammar, Intonation and Semantics

264 Pages·2013·13.222 MB·English

by  Hiroko Furo

OUTSTANDING DISSERTATIONS
IN LINGUISTICS
Edited by
Laurence Horn
Yale University
A ROUTLEDGE SERIES
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TURN-TAKING IN ENGLISH AND
JAPANESE
Projectability in Grammar, Intonation, and
Semantics
Hiroko Furo
~l Routledge
!;i ~ Taylor & Francis Group
LONDON AND NEW YORK
First published 2001 by Routledge
Published 2013 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY, 10017, USA
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Croup, an informa business
Copyright © 2001 by Hiroko Furo
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or uti
lized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known
or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any infornla
tion storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publish
er.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Furo, Hiroko.
Turn taking in English and Japanese: projectability in grammar, intonation,
and semantics / by Hiroko Furo.
p. cm. - (Outstanding dissertations in linguistics)
fncludes bibliographical references and index.
1. Conversation analysis. 2. Japanese language--Discourse analysis.
3. English language--Discourse analysis. 1. Title. II. Series.
P9S.4S.F97 2000
401 '.41-dc21 00-066297
ISBN 13: 978-0-815-34047-8 (hbk)
To my parents
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgments ..................................................................... xi
List of Charts, Figures, and Tables ............... , ........................................ xiii
Transcription Conventions and Abbreviations ........................................... xv
Chapter I. Introduction ...................................................................... 3
1.1 Purposes ........................................................ " ....... , .... 3
1.2 Data ...................................................................... 6
1.2.1 English Conversation. ............................................ 6
1.2.2 Japanese Conversation. ........................................... 6
1.2.3 U.S. Political News Interviews ................................ 7
1.2.4 Japanese Political News Interviews ........................... 8
1.2.5 Summary of Data .................................................. 9
1.3 Methodology .................................................................... 10
1.3.1 Approaches ........................................................ 10
1.3.2 Procedures .......................................................... II
1.3.2.1 Grammatical Completion Points ............. 11
1.3.2.2 Intonational Completion Points .............. 14
1.3.2.3 Semantic Completion Points .................. 15
1.3.2.4 CTRPs ............................................... 17
1.3.2.5 Speaker Changes .................................. 18
1.4 Overview .................................................................... 20
1.5 Summary .................................................................... 21
Notes .................................................................... 22
Chapter 2. Literature Review ................................................................. 25
2.0 Introduction .................................................................... 25
2.1 Conversation .................................................................... 25
2.1.1 Characteristics of Conversation .............................. 25
2.1.2 Basic Assumptions about Conversation ................... 27
2.2 Turn-Taking .................................................................... 28
2.2.1 Turn-Taking in English Conversation ..................... 29
2.2.2 Interruption and Overlap ....................................... 31
2.2.3 Definition of Turns .............................................. 33
2.2.4 Tum-Taking and Projectabilities ............................. 34
2.3 Political News Interviews .................................................... 37
2.3.1 Characteristics of Political News Interviews ............. 38
2.3.2 Turn-Taking System in Political News Interviews ..... 41
2.3.3 Disagreement in Political News Interviews ............... 42
2.4 Japanese Discourse ............................................................. 44
2.4.1 Cultural Background ............................................ 44
2.4.2 Ritual Harmony in Japanese Communication ........... 46
2.5 Summary .................................................................... 51
Notes .................................................................... 53
vii
viii Contents
Chapter 3. Tum-Taking in English Conversation ...................................... 55
3.0 Introduction .................................................................... 55
3.1 Results .................................................................... 56
3.1.1 Quantitative Analysis ........................................... 56
3.1.1.1 Completion Points ............................... 56
3.1.1.2 Speaker Changes .................................. 59
3.1.1.3 Completion Points and Speaker Changes .. 62
3.1.2 Qualitative Analysis ............................................ 63
3.1.2.1 Speaker Changes at CTRPs .................... 64
3.1.2.2 Speaker Changes at Non-CTRPs ............. 65
3.1.2.3 No Speaker Changes at CTRPs ............... 74
3.1.3 Summary ........................................................... 79
3.2 Conclusion .................................................................... 80
Notes .................................................................... 81
Chapter 4. Tum-Taking in Japanese Conversation ..................................... 83
4.0 Introduction .................................................................... 83
4:1. Results .................................................................... 84
4.1.1 Quantitative Analysis ........................................... 84
4.1.1.1 Completion Points ............................... 84
4.1.1.2 Speaker Changes .................................. 88
4.1.1.3 Completion Points and Speaker Changes .. 90
4.1.2 Qualitative Analysis ............................................ 91
4.1.2.1 Speaker Changes at CTRPs .................... 92
4.1.2.2 Speaker Changes at Non-CTRPs ............. 93
4.1.2.3 No Speaker Changes at CTRPs .............. I05
4.1.3 Summary. ......................................................... l11
4.2 Conclusion ................................................................... 112
Notes ................................................................... 113
Chapter 5. Tum-Taking in U.S. Political News Interviews ......................... 115
5.0 Introduction ................................................................... 115
5.1 Results ................................................................... 116
5.1.1 Quantitative Analysis .......................................... 116
5.1.l.l Completion Points .............................. 116
5.1.1.2 Speaker Changes ................................. 118
5.1.1.3 Completion Points and Speaker Changes .120
5.1.2 Qualitative Analysis .......................................... 121
5.1.2.1 Speaker Changes at CTRPs ................... 121
5.1.2.2 Speaker Changes at Non-CTRPs ............ 122
5.1.2.3 No Speaker Changes at CTRPs .............. 127
5.1.3 Summary. ......................................................... 131
5.2 Conclusion ................................................................... 131
Notes ................................................................... 133
Contents ix
Chapter 6. Turn-Taking in Japanese Political News Interviews .................... 135
6.0 Introduction ................................................................... 135
6.1 Results ................................................................... 135
6.1.1 Quantitative Analysis .......................................... 135
6.1.1.1 Completion Points .............................. 135
6.1.1.2 Speaker Changes ................................. 137
6.1.1.3 Completion Points and Speaker Changes .139
6.1.2 Qualitative Analysis ........................................... 140
6.1.2.1 Speaker Changes at CTRPs ................... 141
6.1.2.2 Speaker Changes at Non-CTRPs ............ 142
6.1.2.3 No Speaker Changes at CTRPs .............. 150
6.1.3 Summary. ......................................................... 154
6.2 Conclusion ................................................................... 155
Notes ................................................................... 156
Chapter 7 Completion Points ............................................................... 157
7.0 Introduction ................................................................... 157
7.1 Completion Points ............................................................ 158
7.2 Completion Points without Reactive Tokens ......................... 161
7.3 Summary ................................................................... 165
Chapter 8 Speaker Changes .................................................................. 167
8.0 Introduction ................................................................... 167
8.1 Categorization of Speaker Changes ....................................... 168
8.2 Overall Speaker Changes .................................................... 168
8.3 Non-Floor-Taking Speaker Changes ..................................... 170
8.4 Floor-Taking Speaker Changes ............................................ 173
8.4.1 Floor-Taking Speaker Changes at CTRPs ............... 174
8.4.2 Floor-Taking Speaker Changes at Non-CTRPs ........ 175
8.5 Summary ................................................................... 178
Notes ................................................................... 180
Chapter 9. Completion Points and Speaker Changes ................................. 181
9.0 Introduction ................................................................... 181
9.1 Completion Points and Speaker Changes ............................... 181
9.2 Completion Points and Floor-Taking Speaker Changes ............ 183
9.3 Summary ................................................................... 185
Chapter 1O . Tum-Taking in English and Japanese ..................................... 187
10.0 Introduction ................................................................... 187
10.1 Conversation in English and Japanese ................................. 187
10.1.1 Single Person Floor .......................................... 187
10.1.2 Collaborative Floor. .......................................... 191
10.1.3 Collaborative Floor to Single Person Floor ........... 193