Turkey’s New State in the Making. Transformations in Legality, Economy and Coercion

321 Pages·2020·4.725 MB·English

by  Pınar Bedirhanoğlu, Çağlar Dölek, Funda Hülagü, Özlem Kaygusuz

TURKEY’S NEW STATE IN THE
MAKING

TURKEY’S NEW STATE IN THE
MAKING
TRANSFORMATIONS IN LEGALITY, ECONOMY
AND COERCION
Edited by Pınar Bedirhanoğlu, Çağlar Dölek, Funda Hülagü
and Özlem Kaygusuz
Turkey’s New State in the Making: Transformations in Legality, Economy and
Coercion was first published in 2020 by Zed Books Ltd, The Foundry, 17 Oval Way,
London SE11 5RR, UK.
www.zedbooks.net
Copyright  Pınar Bedirhanoğlu, Çağlar Dölek, Funda Hülagü, Özlem Kaygusuz 2020
The right of Pınar Bedirhanoğlu, Çağlar Dölek, Funda Hülagü and Özlem Kaygusuz to
be identified as editors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with
the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Typeset in Plantin and Kievit by Swales & Willis Ltd, Exeter, Devon
Cover design by Terry Woodley
Cover image  Ozan KOSE/AFP/Getty Images
Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of Zed Books Ltd.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-1-78699-870-5 hb
ISBN 978-1-78699-873-6 pdf
ISBN 978-1-78699-872-9 epub
ISBN 978-1-78699-874-3 mobi
CONTENTS
List of tables | vii
List of figures | viii
List of abbreviations and acronyms | ix
Notes on contributors | xii
Acknowledgements and beyond | xix
Introduction: Putting the AKP-led state transformation
in its neoliberal historical context .............................1
Pınar Bedirhanoğlu, Çağlar Dölek, Funda Hülagü and
Özlem Kaygusuz
Appendix: The course of events in the 2010s in Turkey .......... 13
PART I: GLOBAL POLITICAL CONTEXT
OF STATE TRANSFORMATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1. Social constitution of the AKP’s strong state through
financialization: state in crisis, or crisis state? ..................23
Pınar Bedirhanoğlu
2. Deconstitutionalization and the state crisis in Turkey:
the role of the Turkish Constitutional Court and the
European Court of Human Rights .............................41
Özlem Kaygusuz and Oya Aydın
3. Turkey’s double movement: Islamists, neoliberalism
and foreign policy ...........................................64
İlhan Uzgel
4. A shift of axis or business as usual?: Turkey’s S-400
procurement decision and defence industry ...................80
Çağlar Kurç
PART II: POLITICS OF ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ...........95
5. Understanding the recent rise of authoritarianism in
Turkey in terms of the structural contradictions of the
process of capital accumulation ..............................97
Fuat Ercan and Şebnem Oğuz
6. Turkey’s financial slide: discipline by credit in the last
decade of the AKP’s rule .................................... 118
Ali Rıza Güngen
7. The AKP’s move from depoliticization to
repoliticization in economic management ....................134
Melehat Kutun
8. The AKP’s income-differentiated housing strategies
under the pressure of resistance and debt .....................151
Özlem Çelik
PART III: POLITICS OF DOMINATION ......................165
9. The transformation of the state–religion relationship
under the AKP: the case of the Diyanet ......................167
Zana Çitak
10. From military tutelage to nowhere: on the limitations
of civil–military dualism in making sense of the rise of
authoritarianism in Turkey in the 2010s ......................188
Ahmet Akkaya
11. Courtrooms as solidarity spaces and trials as
sentences: defending your rights and asking for
accountability in Turkey ................................... 206
Zeynep Alemdar
12. SETA: from the AKP’s organic intellectuals to AK-paratchiks .....226
Behlül Özkan
PART IV: POLITICS OF COERCION .........................243
13. Domesticating politics, de-gendering women:
state violence against politically active women in Turkey ......245
Funda Hülagü
14. The war on drugs: a view from Turkey ....................... 260
Zeynep Gönen
15. ‘The law of the city?’: Social war, urban warfare
and dispossession on the margin ............................276
Çağlar Dölek
Index | 295
TABLES
5.1 The ratio of the manufacturing industry in the
Turkish economy (per cent) ................................104
6.1 The share of the construction sector in GDP ................123
14.1 Prison population (1998–2016) .............................261
15.1 Operations Trust–Peace Turkey in 2019 .....................285
FIGURES
6.1 Total foreign inflows and GDP growth (2003–19) ............122
6.2 The Turkish lira credit flow (2016–19) .......................129
14.1 Drug-related incidents and number of suspects (2006–18) .....266
14.2 Imprisonment due to drug-related crimes (1999–2018) .......268
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
AA Anadolu Ajansı / Anatolian Agency
AKP Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi / Justice and
Development Party
ANAP Anavatan Partisi / Motherland Party
AYM Anayasa Mahkemesi / Constitutional Court
BAK Barış için Akademisyenler / Academics for Peace
BDDK Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu /
Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency
BMI Barro’s Misery Index
BSV Bilim ve Sanat Vakfı / Foundation for Sciences and
Arts
CBT Coğrafi Bilgi Taraması / Geographic Information
System
CHP Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi / Republican People’s Party
CHS Cumhurbaşkanlığı Hükümet Sistemi / presidential
system of government
CIA Central Intelligence Agency
DGM Devlet Güvenlik Mahkemeleri / State Security Courts
DİTİB Diyanet İşleri Türk-İslam Birliği / Turkish–Islamic
Union of Religious Affairs
ECFR European Council for Fatwa and Research
ECHR European Court of Human Rights
ESAM Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Merkezi / Economic
and Social Research Centre
EU European Union
FDI foreign direct investment
FED Federal Reserve System
FETÖ Fethullahçı Terör Örgütü / Fethullahist Terrorist
Organization
FX foreign exchange
GBT Genel Bilgi Taraması / General Information Check
GDP gross domestic product
GNP gross national product