Turkestan: down to the Mongol invasion

529 Pages·8.437 MB·English

by  Barthold W.

T U R K E S T AN
DOWN TO THE MONGOL
INVASION
BY W. BARTHOLD
Second Rdtiion
TRANSLATED FROM THE ORIGINAL RUSSIAN
AND REVISED BY THE AUTHOR
WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF
H. A. R. GIBB, M.A.
PRINTED BY THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS FOR
THE TRUSTEES OF THE " E. J. W. GIBB MEMORIAL "
AND PUBLISHED BY MESSRS. LUZAC AND CO.
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1928
Printed in Great Britain
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PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
NO excuse is required for the present translation nor for its
inclusion in the E. J. W. Gibb Memorial Series.
Barthold's epoch-making work appeared in 1900 under the
Russian title of
that is to say, Turkcslan at the Time of the Mongol Invasion.
In spite of being written in a language which is comparatively
little known it has found its place in all libraries boasting com
pleteness and in those of all scholars interested in Central Asian
history, and consequently it has long been out of print.
The present work is, however, no mere translation, for this
English edition has been thoroughly revised and amplified by
Professor Barthold himself in the light of the vast new materials
which have been made accessible in the last quarter of a century.
That the actual alterations in the text of the work have, in
spite of this, been relatively slight is the strongest tribute to the
thoroughness and critical acumen of the author. Thus the history
of Central Asia from the period of the first invasion by the arms
of Islam down to the arrival on the scene of Chingiz-Khan at the
beginning of the thirteenth century is now available to Western
readers with a wealth of detail which perhaps Professor Barthold
is alone able to supply.
As the author explained in his preface to the first edition, he
selected as the subject of his special study the most important
period in the history of Central Asia, the period, namely, of
Mongol rule. It was his original intention to touch on the
history of the preceding centuries only in so far as this was
indispensable for his main purpose, but in the course of his
examination of the original sources he found that the rise and
development of Mongol rule in Central Asia had not hitherto
been adequately dealt with. He therefore found it necessary
xiv PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
to devote the greater part of his book to an exposition of the
history of the pre-Mongol period. His work thus became an
inquiry into the factors which determined the course of history
of the country prior to the arrival of the Mongols, the circum
stances of their appearance in Turkestan, and the manner in
which they conquered the country.
Originally the author proposed also to examine what were the
conditions of life introduced into Central Asia by the Mongols
and to bring his work down to the establishment of an independent
Mongol State in Turkestan in 1269. The history of the Jaghatay
Kingdom has not yet been undertaken by the author, and owing
to the extreme meagreness of the Moslem accounts we must
wait for a complete translation of the Yuan-shih before the
history of Central Asia in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries
can be adequately dealt with.
The original Russian edition included a number of extracts
from Persian and Arabic histories occupying 172 pages bearing
on his subject, most of the extracts being taken from hitherto
unpublished works. Seeing that these texts arc available in the
original edition, the Gibb Memorial Trustees have not thought
that the re-printing of them would justify the large additional
expense which this would involve.
Professor Barthold has been at special pains to compile a
historico-geographical sketch of Transoxania, and has made use,
not only of all available documentary sources, but also of such
ancient monuments as have been preserved. In his original
preface he repeats what he himself wrote in 1899 on the importance
attaching to the preliminary labours of those who have carried
out investigations on the spot.
" On this question the author has nothing to add to the re
marks which he published in the Turkestanskiya Vyedomosti(1899,
No. 87): 'among the duties of the local force lies the collection of
the raw materials, and the more raw material that is collected the
easier is the task of its scientific manipulation, and the more