Turbulent mixing measurements for single phase air, single phase water, and two-phase air-water

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Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers
1-1-1969
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Frank B. Walton
University of Windsor
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Walton, Frank B., "Turbulent mixing measurements for single phase air, single phase water, and two-phase
air-water flows in adjacent triangular subchannels." (1969). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 6606.
https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/6606
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TURBULENT MIXING fŒASUREMEKTS FOR SINGLE PHASE AIR,
SINGLE PHASE WATER, AND TWO-PHASE
AIR-WATER FLOWS IN ADJACENT
TRIANGULAR SUBCHANNELS
by
Frank B. Walton
A Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies through the
Department of Chemical Engineering in Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Master of Applied Science at the
University of Windsor
Windsor, Ontario
1969
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ABSTRACT
Turbulent interchange rates between two adjacent triangular
subchannels were measured for single phase air, single phase water
and two-phase air-water flows. The subchannels were physically
separated, except in the mixing section, by a O.OO6 inch stainless
steel strip. Initially a 9 inch and then an I8 inch by 0.04 inch
wide slot were cut into the stainless steel strip. Methane was
employed as the air tracer and potassium nitrate (KIIO^) as the
water tracer. A gas chromatograph and an atomic absorption unit
were used for gas and liquid analyses respectively.
Single phase air turbulent interchange rates were determined
at a system pressure of 50 psia over the Reynolds number range of
3 5
5x10 to 8x10 . The pressure drop over the length of the test
section was also recorded. Single phase water turbulent inter­
change rates were determined at a system pressure close to atmospheric
3 3
over the Reynolds number range of 2x10 to 5*7x10 . Negligible
entrance effects were observed in the single phase turbulent inter­
change rates for slot lengths of 57 and 115 equivalent diameters.
Two-phase air-water turbulent interchange rates were determined
at a system pressure of 50 psia over a mass flux range of 1x10^
5 2
to 7x10 Ibm/hr.ft and a quality* range of .1 to .7* The two-
phase pressure drop was also recorded. The percentage of air and
water mixing increased as the quality and mass flux decreased.
*Ouality is defined here as the ratio of air mass flow rate to the
total air and water mass flow rates.
Ill
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The highest mixing rates were observed in the slug-annular transition
region. Here the pulsing action of liquid bridges and high amplitude
roll waves are thought to account for the high mixing rates. Two-
phase entrance effects were found to be significant for slot lengths
greater than 57 equivalent diameters.
IV
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author wishes to express’ his gratitude to Dr. C.C. St. Pierre
for his assistance and advice in this study.
The experimental work for this thesis was performed at the
Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories. Thanks are due to Mr. G.A.
Wikhammer and Dr. D. McPherson for their advice and assistance.
Thanks are also due to Mr. 0. Brudy and Mr. R. Dickinson who
constructed the test section used in this study.
The financial support provided by the National Research Council
and Atomic Energy of Canada is gratefully acknowledged.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT 111
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS VI
LIST OF FIGURES ix
LIST OF TABLES xi
I INTRODUCTION 1
II LITERATURE SURVEY 5
A. Introduction and Definition of Terms 5
1. Natural Mixing Effects 5
2. Forced Mixing Effects 6
B. Single Channel Experiments 6
C. Multi-Channel (Rod Bundle) Experiments 7
D. Two Channel Experiments 8
E. Single Phase Turbulent Mixing Correlations 20
1. St. Pierre Correlation 10
2. Bowring Correlation ' 10
3. Rogers and Tarasuk Correlation 11
It. Rowe and Angle Correlation 11
5. Moyer Correlation 12
III THEORY lit
A. Derivation of Mixing Equations lU
1. Basic Assumptions lU
2. Simple Mixing Model lit
3. Differential Mixing Model l6
VI
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Page
B. Identification of Flow Regimes 17
IV AIR-WATER TEST LOOP AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT 21
A. Experimental Equipment 21
1. Air-Water Test Loop 21
2. Test Section Assembly 2k
(a) Entrance Section 2l+
(b) Water Injection Section 2h
(c) Separated Subchannels Section 27
(d) Mixing Section 27
(e) Separated Subchannel Section 27
(f) Exit Section 27
B. Measurement of Experimental Variables 27
1. Pressure Measurements 27
2. Flow Measurements 30
(a) Air Flows 30
(b) Water Flows 30
3. Temperature • 31
it. Tracer Concentrations 31
(a) Methane Analysis 31
(b) Potassium Nitrate Analysis 31
V EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 33
VI RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 35
A. Single Phase Data 35
B. Two-Phase Data 43
1. The Effect of Quality and Mass Flux on Two-Phase
Mixing Rates 43
2. Comparison of Two-Phase and Single Phase
Mixing Data 56
vii
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