Tunable Lasers Handbook

502 Pages·1995·12.119 MB·English

by  F. J. Duarte

H A N D B O O K
t
I
'TICS AND PHOTONICS

Tunable
Lasers
H A N D B O O K
OPTICS AND PHOTONICS
(formerly Quantum Electronics)
SERIES EDITORS
PAUL E LIAO
Bell Communications Research, Inc.
Red Bank, New Jersey
PAUL L. KELLEY
Lincoln Laboratory
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Lexington, Massachusetts
IVAN P. KAMINOW
AT&T Bell Laboratories
Holmdel, New Jersey
A complete list of titles in this series appears at the end of this volume
Tunable
Lasers
A N D B O
Edited by
F. J. Duarte
Eastman Kodak Company
Rochesrer, New York
ACADEMIC PRESS
San Diego New York Boston
London Sydney Tokyo Toronto
@
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Copyright 0 1995 by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
All Rights Reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information
storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Academic Press, Inc.
A Division of Harcourt Brace & Company
525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495
United Kingdom Edition published by
Academic Press Limited
24-28 Oval Road, London NW1 7DX
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Duarte, F. J. (Frank J.)
Tunable lasers handbook / F. J. Duarte.
p. cm. - (Optics and photonics series)
Includes index.
ISBN 0-12-222695-X
1. Tunable lasers. I. Title. 11. Series.
TA1706.D83 1995
621.36'6-dc20 95-8165
CIP
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
95 96 9798 99 00EB 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Contributors xi
Preface xiii
1. Introduction 1
2. Tunable Laser Complementarity 4
3. GoalofThisBook 5
References 6
and Intracavity Dispersion
F. J. Duarte
1. Introduction 9
2. Dispersive Oscillator Configurations 10
vi Contents
3. Physical Dimensions 15
4. Generalized Interference Equation 16
5. Dispersion Linewidth Equation 17
6. Beam Divergence 19
7. Intracavity Dispersion 19
8. Intracavity Multiple-Prism Dispersion and Pulse
Compression 23
9. Transmission Efficiency of Multiple-Prism
Arrays 24
10. Wavelength Tuning 26
Appendix: Dispersion of Multiple-Prism Arrays
and 4 x 4 Transfer Matrices 29
References 3 1
D. G. Harris
1. Introduction 33
2. Excimer Active Media 35
3. Tuning of Discharge and Electron Beam Pumped
Excimer Lasers 41
4. Discharge Excimer Lasers 53
References 59
Charles Freed
1. Introduction 63
2. Vibrational Energy-Level Structive of the CO,
Molecule 65
3. Rotational Energy-Level Substructure of the CO,
Molecule 69
4. Processes Governing the Excitation of Regular Band
Laser Transitions in CO, 7 1
5. Additional Characteristics of Regular Band CO,
Lasers Transitions 74
6. Lineshape Functions and Broadening Due to Gas
Pressure and Doppler Shift in CO, Gas 76
7. Spectral Purity and Short-Term Stability 79
Cont ents vi
8. Long-Term Line-Center Stabilization of CO,
Lasers 82
9. Absolute Frequencies of Regular Band Lasing
Transitions in Nine CO, Isotopic Species 95
10. Pressure Shifts in Line-Center-Stabilized CO,
Lasers 137
11 . Small-Signal Gain and Saturation Intensity of
Regular Band Lasing Transitions in Sealed-off
CO, Isotope Lasers 144
12. Laser Design 149
13. Spanning the Frequency Range between Line-Center
Stabilized CO, Laser Transitions 154
14. Spectroscopic Use of CO, Lasers outside Their
Fundamental 8.9- to 12.4-pm Wavelength Range 159
References 16 1
1. Introduction 167
2. Laser-Pumped Pulsed Dye Lasers 172
3. Flashlamp-Pumped Dye Lasers 179
4. cw Laser-Pumped Dye Lasers 184
5. Femtosecond-Pulsed Dye Lasers 191
6. Solid-state Dye Lasers 195
Appendix of Laser Dyes 200
References 215
Transition Metal Solid-state Lasers
Norman P. Barnes
1. Introduction 219
2. Transition Metal and Lanthanide Series Lasers 225
3. Physics of Transition Metal Lasers 232
4. Cr:A1,0, 246
5. Cr:BeA1,04 251
6. Ti:Al,O, 258
7. Cr:LiCaA1F6a nd Cr:LiSrAlF, 263
8. Cr:GSGG, Cr:YSAG, and Cr:GSAG 270
9. Co:MgF,, Ni:MgF,, and VMgF, 275
18. Wavelength Control Methods 281
References 288