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Tulu-English and English-Tulu dictionary PDF

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Preview Tulu-English and English-Tulu dictionary

aii /// M TULU-ENGLISH BY REV. A. MANNER Mel. \. MANGALORE PRINTED AT THE BASEL MISSION PRESS 1886 PREFACE. The Tulu language, one of the Dravidian family, is spoken only by half a million of people, inhabiting the central part of South-Canara. Until recently there was no literature in this language, except some legends written on palm-leaves in the Malayalam character, in the possession of Brahman families. It was only after the arrival of the Basel Missionaries in this district (1834) that some books were written and printed in the Basel Mission Press, the most important being a translation of the New Testament, which was completed in 1847, and of which a new typographical edition was issued in 1859. Other publications intended for the use of the church and schools followed in course of time, and in 1872 Rev. J. Brigel compiled a Tulu Grammar, which we recommend to those interested in that language. For writing, a modification of the Malayalam alphabet was in vogue till the Basel Mission Press employed Canarese characters in printing. 2. The compilation of a vocabulary was commenced some 30 years ago. The Rev. G. Kammerer, who died in 1858, left & manuscript containing about 2000 words. The author took this vocabulary in hand and continued adding to it from all avail- able sources, without in the least contemplating the printing of the same. In ^883, however, the question of printing a Tulu Dictionary was first mooted, and further steps having been taken in the matter, the Government of Madras was pleased to defray the cost of its publication. IV PREFACE. 3. A Transliteration in Latin characters of every word will, especially for beginners, facilitate the use of the book. The appended list (p. viii.) will show the rules according to which the transliteration has been made. 4. Special attention should be paid to words sounding alike, viz: ^ * pa-Hi* a lizard- palli, a mosque. > e? ane, an anna. e?^ ane, an elephant. muttu, a pearl. -rfoo^ muddu, a kiss. 3, madipu, a fold. skasg madipu, a consultation. 5. Although it is customary in Dravidian Dictionaries to give the crude form of the Verb, it was thought better to give first the Infinitive form, as the conjugation of the verb is depen- dent on the ending of the Infinitive. The Root, however, is given after the transliteration. The three terminations of the Infinitive are as follows: 1. CA3$ uni, as &S -j-e/v>s>= j;io$ voduui, to read; 2. s3S puni, ^>f+^ =3otf^ malpuni, to do; 3. && pini, 5&> +&a =&s>is tupini, to see. As the formation of the Causative form is sometimes rather intricate and the meaning is often different from that attached to the root, it has been thought best to introduce the causative form as a seperate word. G. As to the Adjectives, only the simple ones have been especially mentioned; all others which are either Adjective- Participles, or Nouns converted into Adjectives either by different terminations, as the Dative, Locative and Genitive, or by adding Adjective-Participles (^^ itti, A)^ uppu, ^oso ayi, e/c.~), havebeen omitted, as the student can easily convert any Noun into an whenever Adjective required. 7. In a similiar manner it ought to be stated that all pro- per Adverbs have been specially pointed out; those, however, which arc cither Datives or Locatives or Nouns with Verbal Participles (?5 adii) have been omitted for the above reason. PREFACE. V 8. The Tulu language does not possess many words with abstract meanings. The Gerund of every verb may, however, be used in this sense, for instance, Juo4 wodunavu reading, &&%> 3$ tupinavu observation. Besides this there are some other deriv- ations, as 4e>^ vodige of 4/i?ioa voduni, ^^.^ heccige of aSt^aa heccuni, &~^ Jappelu of a^& Jappuni, acsSS dinjelu of aoaos> dirijuni, ^~ tarte of stj^oa taruni, ^oo^ murte of ^odos> miiruni, etc. Such abstract words, if not found in this Dictionary, can easily be formed by means of the Infinitive. 9. The meanings of many words might have been consider- ably increased, but for the sake of brevity we have, (especially in the case of words derived from Sanskrit), given only the most usual ones. 10. It should be taken into consideration that not only the different castes of the Tulu speaking people have their own peculiarities of expression and pronunciation, e.g. for "wed- ding" Brahmans say ^os^re kalyana, Pariahs say aio3> badatana, and other caste people say ^oS3o madume, but that there are also three local distinctions of dialect, viz., a southern, a northern and an eastern one, in which similar peculiarities exist; for instance: S. &iL3 podepini, ^asadijp_: of tude, ^ ^s> tupini, - X. -l^ podepini, oO ssa tadi, o ?k^ sude, .5 ?ie&s>. supini, J-i ^^ !H ^ls Q E. :fi^^ pudepuni, 3 so^hadi,^ hude, cs hupini,-^ 11. As to the adoption of Sanskrit, words besides those in common use with the people in connection with their worship, a number of words have been received which are current among Tulu Brahmans only, though not all ; and there are also some words which owe their introduction to Christianity. The Tulu people also use a number of words which were originally Cana- rese, Malayalam and Hindustani; of these only the most com- mon ones have been introduced here. 12. The names of about 600 Plants will be found in this collection. About half are taken from "Five Hundred Indian vi PREFACE. Plants" by C. Stolz, and the others have been obtained in other ways, careful investigation being required in some cases. 13. A Supplement of about 200 new words is appended. 14. For List of Abbreviations see the following page. 15. In the preparation of this Dictionary the following works have been consulted: Canarese Dictionary by W. Reeve, Malayiilain Dictionaryby Dr. H. Gundert, andSanskritDictionary by Dr. Th. Benfey. 16. In conclusion the author desires to record the great obligations he is under, to the Munshis Messrs. Madhvaraya of Caup, Sitarama of Mulki, Sarvottama Pei of Mangalore, and Catechist Israel Aarons for the assistance given him, and among some others, he is also indebted to the corrector of the Mission Press, Mr. Sivarau, who bas been of very great service to him in carrying the work through the press. He nevertheless regrets certain errors which bave crept into the work, and for which he craves the forbearance of the critic. These have been noted in the Errata. Mangalore, October 1886. A. 3/.

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