TUESDAY MORNING, 29 NOVEMBER 2016 CORAL 2, 8:00 AM TO 11:30 AM Session 2aABa ...

109 Pages·2016·0.81 MB·English

TUESDAYMORNING,29NOVEMBER2016 CORAL2,8:00A.M.TO11:30A.M.
Session2aABa
AnimalBioacoustics:TropicalBioacousticsI
ThomasF.Norris,Cochair
Bio-Waves,Inc.,517CornishDr.,Encinitas,CA92024
TomonariAkamatsu,Cochair
FisheriesResearchAgency,7620-7,Hasaki,Kamisu,Ibaraki314-0408,Japan
Chair’sIntroduction—8:00 M
A
E.
U
T
InvitedPapers a
2
8:05
2aABa1.BeakedwhalespeciesoccurrenceinthecentralPacificandtheirrelationtooceanographicfeatures.SimoneBaumann-
Pickering,AnneE.Simonis,JenniferS.Trickey(ScrippsInst.ofOceanogr.,Univ.ofCaliforniaSanDiego,9500GilmanDr.,LaJolla,
CA92093,[email protected]),MarieA.Roch(Dept.ofComput.Sci.,SanDiegoStateUniv.,SanDiego,CA),andErinM.Oleson
(PacificIslandsFisheriesSci.Ctr.,NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration,Honolulu,HI)
Mesoscaleoceanographicfeaturesareamajorforceinstructuringthemarineenvironmentthroughprocessessuchaseddy-induced
upwelling,andassucheffectdistributionandaggregationpatternsofallorganismsalongthefoodchain.Ithasbeenshownthattoppe-
lagicpredatorssuchascetaceansreacttotheseenvironmentalchangesindifferentways.Wepresentanalysisoffrequency-modulated
(FM)echolocationpulsesofCuvier’sbeakedwhale(Ziphiuscavirostris),Blainville’sbeakedwhale(Mesoplodondensirostis),andan
unknownbeakedwhalespeciesproducingFMpulsetype“BWC,”possiblyginkgo-toothedbeakedwhale(M.ginkgodens),atfiveloca-
tionsinthecentralPacific.TherecordingswerecollectedatPearlandHermesReef(NorthwesternHawaiianIslands),Kona(MainHa-
waiianIslands),WakeAtoll,Tinian,andSaipan(NorthernMarianaIslands)between2008and2015,rangingfrom4to8yearspersite.
Allthreebeakedwhalespecieswerepresentatallsitesindifferentproportionsthroughouttherecordingperiods,withastrongnocturnal
patternonlyforthe“BWC”pulsetype,yetwithoutseasonalpattern.Weexaminethevaryingpresenceinthecontextofremotelysensed
oceanographic data, including sea surface height deviation, temperature, and salinity, as well as chlorophyll a and derived primary
productivity.
8:25
2aABa2.Echolocationsystemsofleaf-nosedbatsinTaiwanandIriomoteisland,Japan.HiroshiRiquimaroux(SDU-VTInt.Lab.,
ShandongUniv.,27ShandaNanlu,Jinan,Shandong250100,China,[email protected])
Theleaf-nosedbats,Hipposideridae,areoneofthemostcommontropicalbatsfoundinAsia.Twospeciesofleaf-nosedbatsinIrio-
moteisland,Hepposiderosturpis,andTaiwan,Hipposiderosterasensis,werecompared.Theyemitshortecholocationpulses(4-7msin
duration)consistedofconstantfrequency(CF)componentfollowedbydownwardfrequencymodulated(FM)component.Thesecond
harmonicsarethemostintensefrequencycomponent.Comparisonlistsfortwospeciesareshownbelow.Taiwaneseleaf-nosedbats,
HipposiderousterasensisCF2:70kHz(CF1:35kHz)50-60ginweightJapaneseleaf-nosedbats,HepposiderosturpisCF2:82kHz
(CF1:41kHz)20-30ginweightthreatenedspecies(Redlist).BothTaiwanandIriomoteislandareataroundthesameNorthlatitude
25degrees.FindingsfromH.terasensisandH.turpisareintroducedanddiscussed.[ResearchsupportedbyMEXT,Japan,andShan-
dongUniversity,China.]
8:45
2aABa3.Melodyinmyhead,melodyinmygenes?Acousticsimilarity,individuality,andgeneticrelatednessintheindrisofEast-
ernMadagascar.MarcoGamba,ValeriaTorti,GiovannaBonadonna(LifeSci.andSystemsBiology,Univ.ofTorino,ViaAccademia
Albertina13,Torino10123,Italy,[email protected]),RoseM.Randrianarison(Grouped’EtudeetdeRecherchesurlesPrimates
deMadagascar,Antananarivo,Madagascar),OlivierFriard,andCristinaGiacoma(LifeSci.andSystemsBiology,Univ.ofTorino,Tor-
ino,Italy)
Indris(Indriindri)aretheonlysinginglemursandproducedifferenttypesofsongsthatcanbedifferentiatedaccordingtotheirtem-
poralpatterns.Themostdistinctiveportionsofthesongsare“descendingphrases”consistingof2-5units.Inourstudy,indrisongswere
recordedintheEasternrainforestsofMadagascarfrom2005to2015.Alltherecordingsweremadewhentherecorderoperatorwasin
visualcontactwiththesingingsocialgroupandbyrecognizingindividualindrisusingnaturalmarkings.Becausetheindividualsongs
frequentlyoverlapduringthechorus,weextractedthepitchcontourof1084descendingphrasesusingtheprogramPRAAT.Wetested
whetherthestructureofthephrasescouldprovideconspecificswithinformationaboutsexandindividualidentity.Wealsoexamined
3017 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,Vol.140,No.4,Pt.2,October2016 5thJointMeetingASA/ASJ 3017
whetherthestructureofthephraseswasrelatedtothegeneticrelatednessoftheindris.Theresultssuggestthatthesongshaveconsistent
sex-,group-,andindividual-specificfeatures.Wehavealsofoundasignificantcorrelationbetweenthegeneticdistanceandtheacoustic
similarity.Thedescendingphrasesmaybeusedbytheindristoconveyinformationofsexandidentity,andgeneticrelatednessmay
playaroleindeterminingsongsimilaritytoalargerextentthanpreviouslyassumed.
9:05
2aABa4.Recentbioacousticsresearchesonbiosonar,hearing,andnoiseeffectontheIndo-Pacifichumpbackdolphins(Sousa
chinensis).SonghaiLi(Inst.ofDeep-SeaSci.andEng.,ChineseAcad.ofSci.,28LuhuitouRd.,Sanya572000,China,LISH@IDSSE.
AC.CN)andDingWang(Inst.ofHydrobiology,ChineseAcad.ofSci.,Wuhan,China)
TheIndo-Pacifichumpbackdolphins(Sousachinensis)arewidelydistributedinthecoastalwatersofthetropicalandsub-tropical
oceaninAsia,includingsoutheastChina.ConservationofthehumpbackdolphinsinChinesewatershasbeenontheagendaoflocalsci-
entificandconservationcommunitiessincethe1980s,despitelittleresearchincludingbioacousticsresearchhasbeenconducted.Our
recentbioacousticsstudiesindicatedthatthebiosonarclicksofthewildhumpbackdolphinswereshort-duration,broadband,ultrasonic
pulses,similartothoseproducedbyotherwhistlingdolphinsofsimilarbodysize.However,theirclicksourcelevelswithanaverageof
around190dBre:1lPainpeak-to-peak,appeartobemuchlowerthanthoseofotherwhistlingdolphins.Hearingsensitivefrequency
rangeofthehumpbackdolphinsisgenerallyhigherthan5kHzandlowerthan120kHzwithpossibleage-relatedhearinglossforold
dolphins.Thehumpbackdolphincouldthereforebecharacterizedasamid-frequencycetacean,whichoperatessoundsinmid-tohigh-
frequencyrange.Anysufficientlyintensesoundswithmid-tohigh-frequencycomponentscouldhavedeleteriouseffectsonthehump-
backdolphinsthroughinterferenceonanimals’behaviorandwiththeanimals’abilitytodetectsignalsfromconspecifics,andechoesof
echolocationclicks.
9:25
2aABa5.AcousticresponseofIndo-Pacifichumpbackdolphinstothevariabilityofmarinesoundscape.Tzu-HaoH.Lin(Res.Ctr.
forInformationTechnol.Innovation,AcademiaSinica,No.1,Sec.4,RooseveltRd.,Taipei10617,Taiwan,[email protected]),
Chih-KaiYang,Lien-SiangChou(Inst.ofEcologyandEvolutionaryBiology,NationalTaiwanUniv.,Taipei,Taiwan),Shih-HauFang
(Dept.ofElec.Eng.,YuanZeUniv.,Taoyuan,Taiwan),andYuTsao(Res.Ctr.forInformationTechnol.Innovation,AcademiaSinica,
Taipei,Taiwan)
Marinemammalscanadjusttheirvocalbehaviorswhentheyencounteranthropogenicnoise.Theacousticdivergenceamongdiffer-
entpopulationshasalsobeenconsideredastheeffectofambientnoise.Therecentstudiesdiscoverthatthemarinesoundscapeishighly
dynamic;however,itremainsunclearhowmarinemammalsaltertheirvocalbehaviorsundervariousacousticenvironments.Inthis
study,autonomoussoundrecordersweredeployedinwesternTaiwanwatersbetween2012and2015.Soundscapesceneswereunsuper-
visedclassifiedaccordingtoacousticfeaturesmeasuredineach5mininterval.Non-negativematrixfactorizationwasusedtoseparate
different scenes and to inverse the temporal occurrence of each soundscape scene. Echolocation clicks and whistles of Indo-Pacific
humpbackdolphins,whichrepresenttheonlymarinemammalspeciesoccurredinthestudyarea,wereautomaticallydetectedandana-
lyzed.Thepreliminaryresultindicatesthesoundscapescenesdominatedbybiologicalsoundsarecorrelatedwiththeacousticdetection
rateofhumpbackdolphins.Besides,thedolphinwhistlesaremuchcomplexwhenthepreyassociatedsceneisprominentinthelocal
soundscape.Inthefuture,thesoundscapeinformationmaybeusedtopredicttheoccurrenceandhabitatuseofmarinemammals.
ContributedPapers
9:45 structureinthewatercolumncoupledwithtemporalandspatialvariationin
thesourcesofthepotentialcues.
2aABa6.Navigatingthesoundscape:Theroleofacousticcuesintheset-
tlementbehavioroflarvalreeffishes.AndriaK.Salas(IntegrativeBiol- 10:00–10:15Break
ogy,Univ.ofTexasat Austin,Austin,TX),PrestonS.Wilson,MeganS.
Ballard(Mech.Eng.andAppl.Res.Labs.,Univ.ofTexasatAustin,1Uni-
10:15
versity Station C2200, Austin, TX 78713, [email protected]),
AndrewH.Altieri(SmithsonianTropicalRes.Inst.,PanamaCity,Panama), 2aABa7.Macro-andmicro-scalespatialvariationintheacousticactiv-
andTimothyH.Keitt(IntegrativeBiology,Univ.ofTexasatAustin,Aus- ity of snapping shrimp on coral reefs in the Pacific. Eden Zang, Marc
tin,TX) Lammers(OceanwideSci.Inst.,3620BaldwinAve,Ste.206-B,Makawao,
HI 96768, [email protected]), Max Kaplan, T. A. Mooney
Nearlyallcoralreeffishespassthroughapelagiclarvalstagethatcon-
(Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst., Woods Hole, MA), Pollyanna Fisher-
cludeswhentheylocateandselectappropriatereefhabitat.Atleastsome
Pool,andRussellE.Brainard(NOAAFisheries,Honolulu,HI)
speciesusethereefsoundscape—thecollectionofsoundsproducedbyreef-
dwelling organisms—to achieve this task that is necessary for survival. Coralreefsoundscapesareincreasinglybecomingrecognizedascritical
Sincelarvalfishesintheopenoceanareinherentlydifficulttostudy,investi- factors in the study of reef dynamics, from the role they play in larval
gatingtheiracousticenvironmentcanallowpredictionsabouttheirbehavior recruitmenttotheassessmentofcoralreefbiodiversityandecosystemsta-
inresponsetothesecues.Further,wecanpredicttherolesofdifferentfre- bility.Snappingshrimpproducethepredominantsourceofsoundonmost
quency bands in aiding long-distance navigation or short-distance habitat coralreefsatfrequenciesbetween2and20kHz.Theiractivityisinfluenced
selection.WerecordedthesoundscapesatfourreefsinCaribbeanPanama byavarietyofabioticfactors.Assuch,coralreefsoundscapesareproneto
for six weeks to inform the identity and variability of the most common considerablefluxandvariation.However,thisvariationisstillpoorlyunder-
sounds.Wenextpredictthefrequency-dependenttransmissionlossusingan stoodonavarietyofspatialandtemporalscales,makingitdifficulttodraw
acoustic propagation model calibrated with acoustic transects. Including meaningful comparisons between the soundscapes of different reefs. We
knowledge of source sound levels allows us to elucidate the sound fields report on an effort to quantify the acoustic activity of snapping shrimp
createdbylowfrequencyfishandhighfrequencyinvertebratesoundsorigi- across12coralreefsitesinthePacificOceanseparatedbydistancesranging
natingatthereef.Wefindthatlarvalfishesarelikelytoencounterhighly fromhundredsofmeterstothousandsofkilometers,includingreefsacross
complexacousticenvironmentsasaresultoffrequency-dependentacoustic the Hawaiian archipelago, the Northern Mariana Islands, and American
3018 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,Vol.140,No.4,Pt.2,October2016 5thJointMeetingASA/ASJ 3018
Samoa. We use data obtained from long-term, bottom-moored acoustic 11:00
recorderstodocumentthevariabilityinsnappingshrimpactivityobserved
2aABa10.Spatiotemporalvariationinhabitatutilizationofhumpback
onmultipletemporalscalesandexaminefactorscorrelatedwiththisvari-
dolphins(Sousachinensis)potentiallyaffectedbyfreshwaterdischarge.
abilityateachlocation.
Chia-Yun Lee, Tzu-Hao Lin (Inst. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,
10:30 NationalTaiwanUniv.,Taiwan,No.1,Sec.4,RooseveltRd.,Taipei10617,
Taiwan, [email protected]), Tomonari Akamatsu (Fisheries Res.
2aABa8.AnewbaleenwhalecallrecordedintheMarianaTrenchMa-
Agency,NationalRes.Inst.ofFisheriesSci.,Kanagawa,Japan),andLien-
rine National Monument. Sharon L. Nieukirk, Selene Fregosi,David K.
SiangChou(Inst.ofEcologyandEvolutionaryBiology,NationalTaiwan
Mellinger (Cooperative Inst. for Marine Resources Studies, Oregon State
Univ.,Taiwan,Taipei,Taiwan)
Univ.,2030SEMarineSci.Dr.,Newport,OR97365,sharon.nieukirk@ore-
gonstate.edu),andHolgerKlinck(BioAcoust.Res.Program,CornellLabof Dynamics of habitat utilization of marine mammals are important for
Ornithology,CornellUniv.,Ithaca,NY) theconservationmanagementofcoastalecosystems.Previousstudieshave
shownthatseasonalchangesofhumpbackdolphindistributionareassoci-
Infall2014andspring2015,passiveacousticdatawerecollectedvia
atedwithseasonalchangesofupstreamrainfall.However,temporalvaria-
autonomous gliders east of Guam in an area that included the Mariana
tions of dolphin behavior at an estuarine habitat remain unclear. In this
Trench Marine National Monument. A short (2-4 s), complex, unknown
study,echolocationclicksofhumpbackdolphinswererecordedattheXin-
soundwasrecorded.Thecallbeganwithabrief0.4slongtonecenteredat
huwei River Estuary, western Taiwan, between July 2009 and November
60Hz,followedbya2slow-frequencymoanthatsweepfrom44—30Hz. M
2015.Soundsourcebearinganglestoidentifydifferentsoundsources,in-
Themoanappearedtohavebothamplitudemodulationandstrongharmon- A
tensity,andinter-clickintervals(ICIs)asanindexofthesensingdistance
ics.Themoanwasfollowedbytwo~60-150Hzupsweepslasting0.5sthat E.
weremeasuredtoinvestigatethesensingandmovementofdolphingroups.
oftenhaddiffuseenergyupto1000Hz.Thecallendedwithmetallic-sound- U
Humpbackdolphinssearchedforshortersensingdistancesandmovedback T
ingupsweepswithmostenergybetween700and800Hz,butupto7.5kHz.
andforthneartheestuaryduringspringandsummer,whichsuggestsforag- a
Thesesoundswererecordedregularlyduringbothfall(326callsduring38 2
ing-related behaviors were much frequently observed during wet seasons.
glider dives) and spring (110 calls during 16 glider dives).Many compo-
However,humpbackdolphinschangedtofocusonlongerdetectionranges
nentswerenotvisibleinlowsignaltonoiseratiocalls.Callsweretypically
(ICIschangedfrom40to50msto50to70ms)andmoveinstraightfor-
5-6minutesapartandoftenoccurredinlongsequences.Aurally,thesound
wardwhenupstreamrainfallincreasedduringthisperiod.Thepresentresult
isquiteunusualandmostresemblestheminkewhale“StarWars”call.We
indicatedthedynamicsofhabitatutilizationofhumpbackdolphinsatanes-
proposethissoundisbiologicalandislikelyproducedbyabaleenwhale.
tuary is likely driven by the distribution and abundance of prey resource
10:45 whichisinfluencedbythetemporalchangeofriverrunoff.
2aABa9.PassiveacousticmonitoringofPygmybluewhales(Balaenop-
11:15
tera musculus brevicauda)in SouthernSriLanka.AnnukkaPekkarinen
(Maritime Environ. Res. Group, World Maritime Univ., PO Box 500, 2aABa11. Source level of fin whale calls from the Equatorial Pacific
Malm€o 20124, Sweden, [email protected]), Yeelen Olive (VisioTerra, Champs Ocean. Jennifer L. Miksis-Olds (School of Marine Sci. & Ocean Eng.,
SurMarne,Paris,France),andMarianneH.Rasmussen(Univ.ofIceland, Univ.ofNewHampshire,POBox30,Mailstop3510D,StateCollege,PA
Husavik,Iceland) 16804,[email protected])
TwoecologicalacousticrecordersweredeployedinSouthernSriLanka Knowledge of source levels is essential for determining the range of
to study the presence of the assumed resident population of pygmy blue effective fin whale communication and for estimating fin whale density
whales.Amajorshippinglanerunsthroughthisfeedingareaofthewhales frompassiveacousticrecordings.Sourcelevelcalculationswereperformed
and it has been recognized by the International Whaling Commission as onvocalizationsautomaticallydetectedfromspectrogramsofComprehen-
wellasInternationalMaritimeOrganizationasariskareaforshipstrikes. siveNuclearTest-BanTreatyOrganizationdatarecordedatWakeIslandin
Toimplementanymanagementpracticestomitigateshipstrikes,asolidsci- theEquatorialPacificOcean.Receivedlevelswerecalculated,andtransmis-
entificbasisisneeded.Suchdatamustincludeinformationonmigrationand sion loss (TL) was determined using a season- specific OASIS Peregrine
movementpatternsofthewhalepopulation.Therefore,combiningthepas- parabolicequation model fora 20 Hz signal.Themodel incorporatedthe
sive acoustic monitoring data with existing visual transect survey results location of the sensor in the deep sound channel, bathymetry of the area,
givesfurtherinsighttochoosingsuitablemanagementpracticestoaddress andlocalsoundspeedprofiles.TLwasmodeledfor360bearingswitha1o
theissue.Passiveacousticmonitoringdataindicatethatatleastpartofthe resolution.TLvaluesbetweenthesensorandsourcewerefoundforindivid-
population is indeed resident in the area throughout the year but there is ual vocalizationsusing ranges and bearings calculatedthroughhyperbolic
both seasonal and inter-annual variation in the acoustic activity of the localization.Theexactwhaledepthswereunknownbutassumedtobe50
whales. The acoustic data were further combined with data from oceano- m.Over7500localizationsofthefinwhale20Hzcallwereidentifiedfrom
graphicmodelsandtheresultsindicatethereisnosingleparameterexplain- 2007to2009withanaveragesourcelevelof184.8dB+/-8.6dB.When
ingthevariation,althoughtheacousticactivityhas weakcorrelationwith the 7500 calls were subsampled at 6 hour intervals to reduce the bias of
rainfall patterns. The pygmy blue whale call detections also appear to loud,persistentsingers,theaveragesourcelevelwas168.5dB+/-4.4dB
increaseduringperiodsofstrongerupwellinginSouthernSriLanka. (n=174).[WorksupportedbyONR.]
3019 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,Vol.140,No.4,Pt.2,October2016 5thJointMeetingASA/ASJ 3019
TUESDAYMORNING,29NOVEMBER2016 NAUTILUS1,8:45A.M.TO11:45A.M.
Session2aABb
AnimalBioacousticsandSignalProcessinginAcoustics:AnthropogenicTransientNoiseSoundField
andItsEffectsonAnimalCommunicationI
ShaneGuan,Cochair
OfficeofProtectedResources,NationalMarineFisheriesService,1315East-WestHighway,SSMC-3,Suite13700,Silver
Spring,MD20902
SatokoKimura,Cochair
FieldScienceEducationandResearchCenter,KyotoUniv.,Kyoto,Japan
Chair’sIntroduction—8:45
InvitedPapers
8:50
2aABb1. Quantitative measurements of seismic airgun reverberation in the shallow-water Beaufort Sea. Aaron Thode (SIO,
UCSD,9500GilmanDr.,MC0238,LaJolla,CA92093-0238,[email protected]),MelaniaGuerra(APL,Univ.ofWashington,Seattle,
WA),SusannaBlackwell(GreeneridgeSci.,SantaBarbara,CA),andA.MichaelMacrander(ShellExplorationandProductionCo.,An-
chorage,AK)
Shallow-waterairgunsurveyactivitiesofftheNorthSlopeofAlaskagenerateimpulsivesoundsthathavebeenthefocusofmuch
regulatory attention. Reverberation from repetitive airgun shots, however, also increases the background noise levels, which can
decrease the detection range of nearby passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) systems and potentially mask communication signals
betweenanimals.Typicalacousticmetricsforimpulsivesignalsprovidenoquantitativeinformationaboutreverberation.Twometrics
aresuggestedhereforquantifyingreverberation:a“minimumlevel”metricthatmeasuresreverberationlevelsbetweenairgunpulse
arrivals,anda“reverberationmetric”thatestimatestherelativemagnitudeofreverberationvs.expectedambientlevelsinthehypotheti-
calabsenceofairgunactivity,usingsatellite-measuredwinddata.Themetricswereappliedtoacousticdatameasuredbyautonomous
recordersintheAlaskanBeaufortSeain2008.Theydemonstratehowa3000cu.inchseismicsurveyin50mdeepwatercanincrease
thebackgroundnoiseovernaturalambientlevelsby30-45dBwithin1kmoftheactivity,by10-25dBwithin15kmoftheactivity,and
byafewdBat128kmrange.Shallow-waterreverberationcanthussubstantiallyreducetheperformanceofPAMsystemsseveralkilo-
metersofshallow-waterseismicsurveys.Otherimpulsiveactivitiessuchaspiledrivingmayfacesimilarissues.
9:10
2aABb2.Inter-pulsesoundfieldfromamarineseismicsurveyintheArcticanditspotentialeffectsonmarinemammalacoustic
masking.ShaneGuan(OfficeofProtectedResources,NationalMarineFisheriesService,1315East-WestHwy.,SSMC-3,Ste.13700,
SilverSpring,MD20902,[email protected])andJosephF.Vignola(Dept.ofMech.Eng.,TheCatholicUniv.ofAmerica,Wash-
ington,DC)
Ithasbeendocumentedthatreverberantfieldsfrommarineseismicsurveyselevatesoundlevels,andthushasthepotentialtomask
acousticsignalsthatareimportanttomarinemammals.Inthisstudy,weinvestigatedone-third-octave(OTO)bandsofairguninter-pulse
soundfieldsfromashallowwater(<15m)seismicsurveyintheBeaufortSea.Theresultsshowthatatclosedistanceslessthan3km,
peakenergyoftheOTObandlevelswereconcentratedaround80-110Hzandthemediansoundlevelswere40-50dBaboveambient.
Thehigherfrequencycomponents(>3kHz)ofinter-pulsesoundfieldattheseclosedistancesranged5-20dBaboveambient.Atdistan-
cesbeyond3km,thereceivedacousticenergybecomesmoreuniformupto1000Hz.ThemedianOTObandlevelsatthesedistances
wereapproximately10-20dBaboveambient.Forhigherfrequencies,soundlevelsatthesedistanceswereapproximatelythesameas
ambient.Theseresultsimplythatlow-frequencybowheadwhalescouldbeaffectedbyacousticmaskingfromseismicairguninter-pulse
soundfields,especiallyatrelativelyclosedistances.However,potentialacousticmaskingeffectstomid-frequencybelugawhaleecholo-
cationsignalsareexpectedtobelessprofound.
3020 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,Vol.140,No.4,Pt.2,October2016 5thJointMeetingASA/ASJ 3020
9:30
2aABb3.Longrangeairguninter-pulsenoisefieldinoffshorenorthernAustralianwaters.CraigMcPherson(JASCOAppl.Sci.
(Australia) Pty, Ltd., Unit 4, 61-63 Steel St., Capalaba, QLD 4157, Australia, [email protected]), Bruce Martin (JASCO
Appl.Sci.(Canada)Ltd.,Dartmouth,NS,Canada),MichaelWood(JASCOAppl.Sci.(UK)Ltd.,Droxford,Hampshire,UnitedKing-
dom),andAlexanderMacGillivray(JASCOAppl.Sci.(Canada)Ltd.,Victoria,BC,Canada)
Elevatedambientnoiselevelshavebeenshowntoaffectmarinefaunacommunication.Theeffectsduetoincreasednoiselevels
fromthemultipathpropagationandreverberationofairgunpulsesoverlargedistancesisarelativelynewareaofinterest.Thisresearch
examinesadistantseismicsurveyopportunisticallyrecordedattwolocationsduringalong-termmonitoringprogramintheTimorSea,
Australia.Duringtheanalyzedperiod,thesurveywasbetween168and235kmfromtheAutonomousMultichannelAcousticRecorders
(AMAR).Thenoiselevelsbetweenairgunpulseswereexaminedusinganincrementalcomputationmethodbasedoncalculatingthe
root-mean-squaresoundpressurelevelin125mssub-intervals.Thesewerecomparedtoambientnoiselevelsfromthemonthpriorto
commencementoftheseismicsurveyandduringlineturns.Thereceivedpulselevelsandlengthdifferences,andthereforeinter-pulse
noisefield,betweentherecordersweregreaterthanexpectedgiventheproportionaldistancetosourcedifference.Theambientsound-
scapeincludedbiologicalcontributorssuchasOmura’swhale,fishandbenthiccrustaceans.Propagationmodelingwasconductedto
examinetheeffectofthepropagationpathbetweensourceandreceiveronthereceivedsignals.
M
9:50 A
2aABb4.Influenceoftheocean-bottomstructureinthelong-distancepropagationbyseismicsurveysource.ToshioTsuchiya(Ja- E.
U
panAgencyforMarine-EarthSci.andTechnology/TokyoUniv.ofMarineSci.andTechnol.,2-15Natsushimacho,Yokosuka,Kana-
T
gawa 2370061, Japan, [email protected]), Shinpei Gotoh, Yukino Hirai, and Etsuro Shimizu (Tokyo Univ. of Marine Sci. and
a
Technol.,Koto-ku,Tokyo,Japan) 2
AsourceofMulti-ChannelSeismicsurveysystem(MCS)istheair-gunarraywhichgeneratesahighlevelandshortpulsesound.
However,therewasanxietywhichhasaninfluenceonbehaviorofamarinemammalbyveryhighacousticpressure.Therefore,JAM-
STEChavedecidedguidanceofregulationalongaguidelineofNOAA(TTS)insafepurposeofamarinemammal.We’llhopefora
MCSinvestigationbyanewJAMSTECR/V“KAIMEI”(5,500GT)intheHawaiiIslandsoffingjointlywithanU.S.researchinstitute
bygeologicalinterestinthefuture.So,long-distancepropagation(about100km)fromairgunsourcewascalculatedbyaParabolic
Equationsimulationforsafetyensuringofmarinemammals.Thesimulationresultsareasfollows:1)Whentheocean-bottomofthe
long-distancetransmissionpathisbasalt,forareflectedpulsestopileupfromthebottominvariouscourses,areceivedpulsewidth
becomesverylong.2)ThereceivedlevelwaslowerthantheTTSlevelinthewatchpossibledistancefromthemarinemammalwatch
roominstalledinR/V“KAIMEI.”3)However,whenthelowrestrictionlevel(thebehaviorobstructionlevel)wasappliedformarine
mammalprotectioninthefuture,wehavetolowertheairguntransmissionlevelsubstantially.
10:10–10:25Break
10:25
2aABb5.AnattempttoestimateshipnoiseeffectonhumpbackwhalesinJapan.TomonariAkamatsu(NationalRes.Inst.ofFish-
eriesSci.,FisheriesRes.Agency,7620-7,Hasaki,Kamisu,Ibaraki314-0408,Japan,[email protected]),RyosukeOkamoto(Ogasa-
waraWhaleWatchingAssoc.,Ogasawara,Japan),KyoichiMori(TeikyoUniv.ofSci.,Uenohara,Yamanashi,Japan),YokoMitani,
KoukiTsujii(HokkaidoUniv.,Hakodate,Japan),ToshioTsuchiya(JAMSTEC,Yokosuka,Japan),TakahiroKijima(MinistryofLand,
Infrastructure,TransportandTourism,Tokyo,Japan),andNaoyaUmeda(OsakaUniv.,Osaka,Japan)
Oceannoisepollutionisgettingtobeamajorissuefortheenvironmentalassessmentofmaritimetransportationandengineering.
Evidencestoestimatetheeffectofnoiseonmarinecreaturesareurgentlyrequired.AJapaneseteamconsistofgovernmentagency,uni-
versities,andresearchinstitutionslaunchedanewprojecttoobservepossibleeffectsofshipnoiseonhumpbackwhalesinOgasawara
archipelago.RadiatednoisefromashipwasmeasuredaccordingtotheISOstandardprotocolindeepwater.Thepositionandopera-
tionalconditionsoftheshipduringthedailyvoyageswerepreciselymonitoredonboard.Soundfieldwithin10kmfromthevoyage
routewascalculatedbynumericalsimulation.Inparallel,land-basedvisualobserverstrackedhumpbackwhalesbyatheodolitetolocate
surfacepositionsothattheexposurelevelattheanimalcanbeestimated.Twoautonomousstereorecordingsystemsweredeployedin
thefocalareatomonitorthephonationbehaviorofsingingwhalessimultaneously.Asthefirstyearresult,temporalterminationofsong
sequencewasoccasionallyobservedalthoughavoidancebehaviorfromtheshipwasnotquiteclear.Thisprojectwould[NU1]lasttwo
moreyearstoprovideascientificevidenceoftheminimumexposureleveltoelicitbehavioralreactionofthewhales.
10:45
2aABb6.EffectsofanthropogenicnoiseonmigratingbowheadwhalesintheBeaufortSea.KatherineH.Kim,SusannaB.Black-
well(GreeneridgeSci.,Inc.,GreeneridgeSci.,Inc.,90ArnoldPl, Ste.D,SantaBarbara,CA93117,[email protected]),and
AaronM.Thode(ScrippsInst.ofOceanogr.,LaJolla,CA)
GreeneridgeSciences,Inc.(Greeneridge),hasconductedmulti-year,underwater,acousticmeasurementsattwostudyareasoffshore
oftheNorthSlopeofAlaskaintheBeaufortSea.Theprimaryobjectiveofthesestudieswastomeasureindustrialsounds,e.g.,those
producedbyoilproduction,seismicexploration,anddrillingactivities,andtoassesstheirpotentialeffectsonthebehaviorofbowhead
whalesduringtheirannualfallmigration.Tomeetthisobjective,duringopen-waterseasoneveryyearfrom2001to2016(BP,Hilcorp)
and2007to2014(Shell),Greeneridgedeployedpassiveacousticrecordersequippedwithdirectionalsensors(DASARs)alongtheconti-
nentalshelf.Overthecourseofthesestudies,millionsofbowheadcallswerelocalized,whileambientnoiseandvarioustypesofanthro-
pogenicnoise,suchastonalsoundsassociatedwithmachineryandvesselsandseismicairgunpulses,werequantified.Thelocalization
capabilitiesoftheDASARs,largenumbersofobservations,andmulti-yeartimeseriesmeasurementstogetherpermitted,withhighsta-
tisticalpower,quantitativeevaluationoftheeffectsofanthropogenicnoiseonbowheadbehavior.Here,we’llreviewsomeofourmajor
findings, including the apparent displacement of calling bowhead whales and changes in their calling rate in response to industrial
3021 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,Vol.140,No.4,Pt.2,October2016 5thJointMeetingASA/ASJ 3021
activities,consistencyintheircallsourcelevels,andashiftinthefrequencycontentoftheircallrepertoire.[WorksupportedbyBPEx-
plorationAlaska,ShellAlaskaVenture,andHilcorpAlaska.]
11:05
2aABb7.Predictingmaskingbyimpulsivenoisesources:Anexperimentalevaluation.JillianM.Sills(LongMarineLab.,Inst.of
MarineSci.,Univ.ofCaliforniaatSantaCruz,100ShafferRd.,SantaCruz,CA95050,[email protected]),BrandonL.Southall(SEA,
Inc.,Aptos,CA),andColleenReichmuth(LongMarineLab.,Inst.ofMarineSci.,Univ.ofCaliforniaatSantaCruz,SantaCruz,CA)
Impulsivenoisesourcesposesignificantchallengesintermsofpredictingauditorymaskingusingconventionalmethods.Asidefrom
theirobvioustime-varyingstructure,anothercomplicatingfactoristheinfluenceofpropagationonthespectralandtemporalcharacteris-
ticsofthenoise,especiallyinwaterwheresuchsoundsmaytravelconsiderabledistances.Toaddressthis,wedevelopedapsychophysi-
calparadigmtoquantifymaskinginArcticsealsduringdifferenttimeintervalsofseismicmaskers,whichwererecordedeithercloseto
(1km)orfarfrom(30km)anoperationalairgunarray.Signal-to-noiseratiosatthreshold(50%correctdetectionrate)wereobtained
behaviorallyfortrainedseals,andwerecomparedtoconventionalmaskedthresholdpredictionsbasedonaveragenoiselevelsandcriti-
calratiomeasurementsforthesameindividuals.Theexperimentaldatashowedthatmaskingpredictionswerepoorestinthetimeinter-
valswherenoiseexhibitedthegreatestamplitudevariation.Thesefindingsprovideinsightintowhetherandhowthedynamicsound
fieldsurroundingseismicsurveysconstrainstheabilityofsealstodetectrelevantsignals,andshowhowpredictivemodelsofmasking
fortransientnoisesourcescanbeimprovedbyincorporatingtime-basedanalysesofsignalsandnoise.[WorksupportedbyOGP-JIP.]
11:25
2aABb8.NoisefieldcharacterizationinthehabitatoftheEastTaiwanStraitIndo-PacificHumpbackDolphinduringthepile
drivingactivityofdemonstrationoffshorewindfarm.Chi-FangChen(Dept.ofEng.Sci.andOceanEng./OceanTechnol.Res.Ctr.,
NationalTaiwanUniv.,No.1RooseveltRd.,Sec.#4,Taipei106,Taiwan,[email protected]),ShaneGuan(NOAA/NMFS,Officeof
ProtectedResources,SilverSpring,MD),Lien-SianChou(Inst.ofEcologyandEvolutionaryBiology,NationalTaiwanUniv.,Taipei,
Taiwan),RueyChangWei(Inst.ofUnderseaTechnol.,NationalSunYat-senUniv.,Kaohsiung,Taiwan),WilliamW.Hu,JeffC.Wu,
Nai-ChangChen,Wei-ShienHwang(Dept.ofEng.Sci.andOceanEng./OceanTechnol.Res.Ctr.,NationalTaiwanUniv.,Taipei,Tai-
wan),Sheng-FongLin(GEL,IndustrialTechnol.Res.Inst.,Hsin-Chu,Taiwan),andDerrickLin(SwancorRenewableEnergyCo.,Ltd.,
Taipei,Taiwan)
TheEasternTaiwanStrait(ETS)populationofIndo-Pacifichumpbackdolphin(Sousachinensis)islistedcriticallyendangeredin
theRedListofThreatenedSpeciesbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNatureduetoitssmallpopulationsizeandnarrow
distribution.ThehumpbackdolphinhabitatsoffthecoastofMiaoliandChanghuaaresitesselectedforfuturewindfarms,therefore,the
noiseimpactofpiledrivingonthiscriticallyendangeredpopulationisexpectedtobeserious.Thispaperpresentsworksdonein(1)
characterizingthesoundfieldduringthetestpiledrivingandassociatedactivitiesinthehumpbackdolphinhabitat;(2)identifyingdomi-
nantanthropogenicnoisesourcesofthedolphinhabitatduringtheconstructionofdemonstrationwindturbinesandassociatedactivities;
and(3)examiningtheimplicationsofthesoundfieldfromwindturbineconstructionandassociatedactivitiesinrelationtohumpback
dolphins’hearingandcommunication.Theresultsfromthestudycanprovidecriticalinformationandconservationrecommendations
foranenvironmentalimpactanalysisforthefullscalewindfarmconstructionin2017.
3022 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,Vol.140,No.4,Pt.2,October2016 5thJointMeetingASA/ASJ 3022
TUESDAYMORNING,29NOVEMBER2016 KAHILI,8:30A.M.TO11:10A.M.
Session2aAO
AcousticalOceanography:Twenty-FiveYearsofAcousticalOceanographyintheASAII
AndoneC.Lavery,Cochair
AppliedOceanPhysicsandEngineering,WoodsHoleOceanographicInstitution,98WaterStreet,MS11,Bigelow211,
WoodsHole,MA02536
MichaelJ.Buckingham,Cochair
ScrippsInstitutionofOceanography,UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,9500GilmanDrive,LaJolla,CA92093-0238
M
A
E.
InvitedPapers U
T
a
2
8:30
2aAO1.Acriticalreviewofgeoacousticinversion:Whatdoesitreallytellusabouttheoceanbottom?N.RossChapman(School
EarthandOceanSci.,Univ.ofVictoria,P.O.Box3065,Victoria,BCV8P5C2,Canada,[email protected])
Estimationofparametersofgeoacousticmodelsfromacousticfielddatahasbeenacentralthemeinacousticaloceanographyover
thepastthreedecades.HighlyefficientnumericaltechniquesbasedonBayesianinferencehavebeendevelopedthatprovideestimates
ofgeoacousticmodelparametersandtheiruncertainties.However,themethodsaremodel-based,requiringaccurateknowledgeofthe
acousticpropagationconditionsintheoceantocarryouttheinversion.Morerecentresearchhasrevealedfundamentallimitationsof
model-basedinversionmethodsinconditionsofunknowntemporalandspatialvariationsinthewater.Inaddition,theinversionscan
generateonlyeffectivemodelsofthetruestructureoftheoceanbottom,whicharegenerallyhighlyvariableoverrelativelysmallspatial
scales.Thereareotherquestionsaboutthetheoryforsoundpropagationinporoussedimentmediathatraisedoubtaboutthevalidityof
inversionresults.Inmostinversions,avisco-elastictheoryisused,butisthiscorrect?Thispaperreviewssuccessesandfailuresofgeoa-
cousticinversiontounderstandthelimitationofmodel-basedmethods.Researchdirectionsaresuggestedinconclusionthatshowprom-
isefordevelopmentofnewapproaches.[WorksupportedbyONR.]
8:50
2aAO2.Physics-basedinversionofmulti-beamechosounderdataforseafloorproperties.DarrellJackson,BrianT.Hefner,and
AnatoliyIvakin(Appl.Phys.Lab.,Univ.ofWashington,1013NE40thSt.,Seattle,WA98105,[email protected])
Thisisanextensionofworkonphysics-basedseafloorinversionforseafloorproperties,pioneeredbyPouliquenandLurtonandby
SternlichtandDeMoustier.Thisapproachfitsmodeltimeseriesforbackscatteredintensitytodata,withthebest-fitmodelparameters
constitutingtheinversionoutput.Inthepresentcase,useofmulti-beamsonarprovidesalargenumberoftimeseriesandconsequent
strongerconstraintsonmodelparameters.Themethodhasbeentestedattwoexperimentsites,onewithsandyandshellyareasandone
withathinlayerofmudoversand.Groundtruthdataweregatheredonseafloorroughnessusingalaserlinescanner,onlayeringusinga
conductivityprobe,ongrain-sizedistributionusingdivercores,andonsedimentsound-speedandattenuationusingacousticprobes.The
inversionprocessinvolvesthreestages.First,asonar-equationmodelisusedtogenerateechointensitytimeseriesincludingscattering
by both seafloor roughness and volume heterogeneity. Model-data fit provide estimates of acoustic attenuation, volume scattering
strength,andinterfacescatteringstrength.Next,physics-basedmodelsarefittedtotheinterfaceandvolumescatteringstrengths,and
finally,regressionrelationsareusedtoprovideasetofgeoacousticparameterssufficienttoconstrainstandardreverberationsimulations.
[WorksupportedbySERDP.]
ContributedPapers
9:10 wouldenableremotesensingofwatermassinterleavingandmixingfrom
intrusiveflowsatfronts,whichspawnDDI.Thefactorscontrollingthevisi-
2aAO3. Acoustic remote sensing of double-diffusive instabilities and
bilityofechoesfromDDIfeaturesisthestrengthofthefeaturesintermsof
intrusionsinoceanfrontalzones.TimothyF.DudaandAndoneC.Lavery
density and sound-speed anomaly, and the level of masking return from
(Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst., WHOI AOPE Dept. MS 11, Woods
plankton,whichmaymerelyinterfereoractaspassivetracersofthesefea-
Hole,MA02543,[email protected])
tures. Microstructuredatacollectedindouble-diffusiveinstabilityfeatures
Small-wavelength sound has been observed to scatter from turbulent are used to compute the expected monostatic backscatter signals. These
microstructure and plankton in the ocean. Additional scattering from salt resultssuggestthatDDImicrostructure,frombothsaltfingeringandcon-
fingers and diffusive-convective flows that result from double diffusive vection, would be acoustically observable in areas with low to average
instabilities (DDI) is also theoretically possible in this same wavelength plankton. The results also suggest that density interfaces (layering struc-
band,andhasbeenmeasuredinalaboratorysetting,thoughwithartificially tures)associatedwithDDIwouldbevisible.Acousticbackscatterdatashow
high gradient parameters. If measurable, small-wavelength backscatter echoes from both the interfaces and DDI microstructure in a frontal zone
3023 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,Vol.140,No.4,Pt.2,October2016 5thJointMeetingASA/ASJ 3023
across a range of wavelengths. [Work supported by the Office of Naval 10:10
Research.]
2aAO6.Detectionoflongtermtrendsinunderwaternoiselevels.Claire
9:25 F.Powell(Cefas,Cefas,PakefieldRd.,LowestoftNR330HT,UnitedKing-
dom, [email protected]) andNathan D. Merchant (Cefas, Lowes-
2aAO4. Correlation among multipaths for long rang propagation.
toft,Suffolk,UnitedKingdom)
Arthur B.Baggeroer(Mech.andElec.Eng.,MassachusettsInst. ofTech-
nol., Rm. 5-206, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, [email protected]) and Theriskofadverseimpacttomarineecosystemsfromunderwaternoise
JohnA.Colosi(Dept.ofOceanogr.,NavyPostgraduateSchool,Monterey, pollutionisincreasinglyrecognisedbyscientists,policymakers,andwider
CA) society.DeepwatermeasurementsfromtheNortheastPacificindicatethat
oceannoisehasincreasedsubstantiallyoverrecentdecades.Policymakers
Themultipatharrivalsinoceanacoustictomographyaretheimportant
are now considering establishing noise monitoring programs to determine
observationsfortheinversiontoasoundspeedprofileandthentotempera-
noiselevelsandtrendsintheirwaters.However,theabilityofnoisemoni-
ture.Theyarealsoimplicitinanymatchedfieldprocessingbeamforming.
toringtodetectstatisticallysignificanttrendsisafunctionofthetemporal
Whilethecovarianceofraypathtraveltimeshasbeenexamined(Flatteand
extent, variance, and autocorrelation of the time series. This has implica-
Stoughton, JGR 91, C6), the correlations among the waveforms of these
tionsforthefeasibilityofevaluatingquantitativepolicytargetswithinpre-
multipathshasneverbeendetermined.Therearetwoconflictinghypothe-
scribed time frames and hence should inform the formulation of such
ses:i)thepathsradiatefromasource,sotheymustbecorrelated.ii)Alter-
targets. The present work demonstrates that methods developed in other
natively,thesmallscaleoceaninhomogeneitiesrandomizethepathssince
environmentalsciencedisciplines(e.g.,atmospheric temperaturemeasure-
theytraversedifferentoceanmasses.Atshortrangesandlowfrequencies,
ment)todesignlong-termmonitoringnetworksandassesstheirstatistical
thepathsarecorrelated,whereasatlongrangesandhighfrequencies,they
power can be applied to noise monitoring programmes. Example datasets
areuncorrelated.Realityissomewhereinbetween.Wehaveapowerlaw
areusedtoshowtheapplicationofthesemethodsbothtoassessthesignifi-
mediumwhichatlargescalescorrelatespathsbutdecorrelatesthematsmall
canceoflong-termtrendsinambientnoise,andtherequiredmonitoringpe-
scales.ThekeyquantitydistinguishingthescalesistheFresnelzoneextent.
riod to detect a given magnitude of trend (e.g., 3 dB per decade). The
Weanalyzethecorrelationfromtwoperspectives.Atheoreticalonebased
implicationsforthedesignofnoisemonitoringnetworksandtargetsetting
onpathintegralformulationsandaexperimentaloneonnumericalMonte
forpolicypurposesarethendiscussed.
Carlo simulations on the massively parallel MIT Lincoln Laboratory
LLGridusingadaptivebeamformingforpathresolution. 10:25
9:40 2aAO7. Lateral diffraction of underwater sounds between Japan and
Chile: experimental results and modeling. Kevin D. Heaney (OASIS,
2aAO5.Reconstructionofthedynamicsurfaceroughnesswithacoustic
Inc.,11006ClaraBartonDr.,FairfaxStation,VA22039,oceansound04@
imagingtechnique.GiulioDolcettiandAntonKrynkin(Mech.Eng.,Univ.
yahoo.com), Tomoaki Yamada (Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan), Mario
ofSheffield,MappinSt.,SheffieldS13JD,UnitedKingdom,gdolcetti1@
Zampolli,andGeorgiosHaralabus(CTBTO,Vienna,Austria)
sheffield.ac.uk)
Onehundredshallowunderwaterexplosionsona300-kmprofilealong
Wepresentanoveltechniquewhichrecoversthethreedimensionalpro-
anisolineof500mseadepthaboveaslopezoneofoffthecoastofJapan
fileofthefreesurfacebasedonthescatteringofthenarrow-bandultrasonic
are received at a water-column hydrophone triplet with 2-km intervals in
waves recorded by a two-dimensional array of receivers. The method is
Chile.Theover16,000-kmpropagationsfromthenorthwesttothesoutheast
based on the inversion of the discretized Kirchhoff integral. The inverse
PacificOceanareclassifiedintotwogroups.Oneisfromthesouthernexplo-
techniqueimplementstheTikhonovregularisationandthegeneralisedcross
sions. The data show highsound pressure levelsand normal travel times.
validationtechniqueinordertoobtainsolutiontoanunder-determinedsys-
Ontheotherhand,datafromthenorthernonesreveal6.5dBlowersound
tem of equations. Using airborne ultrasound, the technique has been vali-
pressurelevelsand6.6straveltimedelaysonaverage.Someislandsand
dated experimentally to reconstruct a two-dimensional composite static
seamountsinthecentralPacificarelocatedonthehalfwayfromthenorth-
surfaceandnumericallytorecoverthethree-dimensionaldynamicsurface.
ernexplosions.Theyaffectreceivedsoundpressurelevelsandarrivaltimes,
Theapplicationtothetypicalthreedimensionalpatternsfoundonthefree
but do not block completely, based on the observation. Modeling of this
surfaceofshallowturbulentflowsisillustratedanddiscussed.Themethod
propagation path, using in-plane 2D modeling, shows nearly complete
has important applications for the remote monitoring of natural rivers,
blockageofthesoundbytheNorthernHawaiianIslandchain.Threedimen-
where recent studies confirm the direct link between the fundamental hy-
sionalparabolicequationmodelingshowsthatthisshadowisfilledinfrom
draulicpropertiesoftheflowandthedynamicbehaviorofthefreesurface.
diffraction caused bythe Midway Islands.Modelingresults quantitatively
Thepotentialsignificanceintheoceanicenvironmentisalsodiscussed.
matchthemeasurementsforbothenergylevelandtraveltime.
9:55–10:10Break
10:40–11:10PanelDiscussion
3024 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,Vol.140,No.4,Pt.2,October2016 5thJointMeetingASA/ASJ 3024
TUESDAYMORNING,29NOVEMBER2016 CORAL1,7:50A.M.TO9:35A.M.
Session2aBAa
BiomedicalAcousticsandPhysicalAcoustics:CavitationinTherapeuticUltrasoundII:General
LawrenceCrum,Cochair
CenterforIndustrialandMedicalUltrasound,UniversityofWashington,AppliedPhysicsLaboratory,1013NE40thStreet,
Seattle,WA98105
Shin-ichiroUmemura,Cochair
GraduateSchoolofBiomedicalEngineering,TohokuUniversity,Aoba6-6-05,Aramaki,Aoba-ku,Sendai980-8579,Japan
M
TatianaD.Khokhlova,Cochair
A
UniversityofWashington,3259thAve.,HarborviewMedicalCenter,Box359634,Seattle,WA98104
E.
U
ZhenXu,Cochair T
a
BiomedicalEngineering,UniversityofMichigan,2200BonisteelBlvd.,Rm1107GerstackerBldg.,AnnArbor,MI48109 2
ContributedPapers
7:50 giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) were used as cell models to quantify
changes in membrane properties as a result of the interaction with ultra-
2aBAa1.Optimisationofultrasoundexposureparametersforextrava-
sound (1 MHz, 150 kPa, and 60 s continuous wave) and phospholipid-
sation and drug delivery using submicron cavitation nuclei. Christo-
shelled microbubbles (DSPC-PEG40S 9:1 molar ratio), either alone or in
phorosMannaris,MeganGrundy(Inst.ofBiomedicalEng.,Eng.Sci.,Univ.
combination.Thespatialquantificationofthevesiclelipidorderwasper-
ofOxford,OldRd.CampusRes.Bldg.(offRooseveltDrive),OxfordOX3
formedviaspectralmicroscopeimaging,bymeasuringthecontoursofgen-
7DQ, United Kingdom, [email protected]), Margaret
eralized polarisation (GP) from the emission spectrum of c-Laurdan, a
Duffy,LenW.Seymour(ClinicalPharmacology,Dept.ofOncology,Univ.
polarity-sensitive dye. Preliminary data show synergistic mechanical and
of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom), Robert Carlisle, and Constantin C.
chemicaleffectsonmembranes:ultrasoundexposureandshearflowalone
Coussios (Inst. of Biomedical Eng., Eng. Sci., Univ. of Oxford, Oxford,
generally decrease the vesicle lipid packing, while exposures involving
UnitedKingdom)
microbubbles reveal contrasting effects depending on the initial vesicle
Sub-micron cavitation nuclei with the ability to passively extravasate composition and acoustic regime. Results from the present mechanistic
throughtheleakytumorvasculaturehavebeenshowntoenhancebothex- study provide an insight into the mechanisms of microbubble-membrane
travasation and penetration of pharmaceuticals in tumors. The aim of the interactions,potentiallybenefittingthe design of effectiveand predictable
present work is to optimize the acoustic parameters and maximize drug microbubble-basedultrasoundtreatments.
deliverymediatedbycavitationalmicrostreaming.Eitherlipid-shellmicro-
8:20
bubbles,orgas-stabilizingpolymericsubmicroncupsofmeandiameter480
nmareco-administeredwithamodeldrugthroughaflowchannelformedin 2aBAa3. Low intensity pulsed ultrasound and lipid-coated microbub-
agarosegel.Theeffectofultrasoundfrequency,pressureamplitude,pulse bles enhance chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in 3D
duration,dutycycle,andpulserepetitionfrequencyonthedeliveryofthe bioprintedscaffolds.MitraAliabouzar,LijieG.Zhang,andKausikSarkar
drugisfirstevaluated,usingbothasingle-layerandadual-layerflowphan- (GeorgeWashingtonUniv.,80122ndSt.NW,Washington,DC20052,sar-
tomthatbetterrepresentstheleakytumorvasculatureanddenseextracellu- [email protected])
lar matrix. The optimal parameters at 0.5 MHz and 1.6 MHz are then
selected and used to deliver an oncolytic virus, genetically modified to Annually, over 6 million people visit hospitals in the United States for
expresstheRFPreportergene,thusallowingthequantificationofthedeliv- issuesarisingfromcartilagedamagesduetoosteoarthritis,acutetrauma,rheu-
ery,infection,andsubsequentspreadingofthevirusunderfluorescencemi- matoidarthritis,andsportsinjury.Articularcartilageisatissuenotoriously
croscopy. We hypothesize that while inertial cavitation within the hardtoregenerate.Theobjectiveofthisstudyistoinvestigatethepossibility
vasculatureleadstoextravasation,enhancedpenetrationisachievedbysub- of facilitating cartilage regeneration using low intensity pulsed ultrasound
sequentcavitationeventsofthesub-micronnucleithatpassivelyextravasate (LIPUS)stimulationandmicrobubbles.Wehaveinvestigatedeffectsoflipid-
andpropelthedrugdeeperintothetumor. coatedmicrobubbles(MB)preparedin-housealongwithLIPUSonprolifera-
tion and chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
8:05 (hMSCs)ina novel3Dprinted poly(ethyleneglycol) diacrylate(PEG-DA)
hydrogelscaffold.OurresultsdemonstrateforthefirsttimethatLIPUSstimu-
2aBAa2. Giant vesicles as cell models to quantify bio-effects in ultra-
lationinthepresenceof0.5%(v/v)MBgreatlyenhancesMSCproliferation
soundmediateddrugdelivery.ValerioPereno,DarioCarugo,andEleanor
forupto40%after5daysoftreatment.Thisvalueisonly18%whenexcited
P.Stride(Univ.ofOxford,OldRd.CampusRes.Bldg.,OxfordOX37DQ,
withLIPUS alone. Furthermore, we optimized acousticparameters such as
UnitedKingdom,[email protected])
excitation intensity, frequency andpulse repetition period forchondrogenic
The biophysical mechanisms that underpin the interaction between differentiationstudies.SynthesisoftypeIIcollagenandGAG,whicharetwo
microbubblesandcellsinthecontextofultrasound-mediateddrugdelivery keycartilagebiomarkers,increased78%and17%,respectively,inthepres-
arestillpoorlyunderstood.Toaidtheidentificationofthesemechanisms, enceofLIPUSandMBs,whencomparedtothecontrols.
3025 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,Vol.140,No.4,Pt.2,October2016 5thJointMeetingASA/ASJ 3025
8:35 9:05
2aBAa4.Ultrasound-stimulatedmicrobubbleenhancedlow-doseradia- 2aBAa6.Useofpulserepetitionfrequencytoaugmentacousticdroplet
tionresponse.GregoryCzarnota(SunnybrookHealthSceincesCtr.,2075 vaporization in vivo. Robinson Seda, Jonah Harmon (Biomedical Eng.,
BayviewAve.,Toronto,ONM4N3M5,Canada,gregory.czarnota@sunny- Univ. of Michigan, 2225 Lurie Biomedical Eng., 1101 Beal Ave., Ann
brook.ca) Arbor, MI 48105, [email protected]), Jeffrey B. Fowlkes (Radiology,
Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI), and Joseph Bull (Biomedical Eng.,
Wehaverecentlydemonstratedthatmechanicalperturbationofendothe-
Univ.ofMichigan,AnnArbor,MI)
lial cells from ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles (USMB) results in
enhancedtumorradiosensitivityatlow2Gydosesofradiation.Ourhypoth- Tumorinfarctionshowspromiseasacancertreatment.Gasembolother-
esisisthatUSMB-basedendothelialmembraneperturbationsproducecer- apytriestoachievethisbylocallyoccludingbloodvesselssupplyingtumors
amide via a sphingomyelinase (ASMase) pathway, and act synergistically using bubbles resulting from vaporization of liquid droplets. Sufficient
withradiationtoenhanceoveralltumorresponse.Here,weinvestigatethe occlusionmaybenecessaryinordertostarvetumorstodeath.Thepurpose
roleoftheSMase-ceramidepathwayonUSMB-basedendothelialradiosen- ofthisstudyistoincreasevaporizationofdropletsinvivobychangingthe
sitization. Experiments were carried out in wild type (C57BL/6) and pulserepetitionfrequency(PRF)inordertoimprovethetherapy.Onemilli-
ASMase knockout mice, implanted with a fibrosarcoma line (MCA-129). literofasolutioncontaining3x107lipid-coatedperfluorocarbondroplets
Animalsweretreatedwithradiationdosesvaryingfrom0to8Gyalone,or wasinjectedthroughthetailveinofaratatarateof0.1mL/min.Acoustic
in combination with ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles. Treatment dropletvaporization(ADV)wasinducedinthefeedervesseloftheexposed
responsewasassessedwithDopplerultrasoundvascularityindexacquiredat cremastermuscleusingafocused,7.5MHztransducerand3MPararefac-
3,24,and72hrsusingaVEVO770preclinicalultrasoundsystem.Staining tionalpressure.Apulselengthof1lswasused,whilethePRFwasvaried
usingISEL,ceramide,andCD31immunohistochemistryoftumorsections from10to1000Hz.RecordingsofADVshowedsubstantialvaporizationin
wasusedtocomplementresults.Incontrasttowildtypeanimals,ASMase botharterialandvenoussidesathigherPRFs.VesselruptureandRBCex-
knockoutmice,orwild-typemicereceivingS1P,werefoundtobegenerally travasation were also observed. In other instances, blood vessels experi-
resistanttotheanti-vascular effects of radiation andUSMB.Minimalcell encedanarrowingofthelumenatthesiteofvaporization(25%reduction),
deathandnovascularshutdownwasobservedfollowingtreatmentsinthose suggestinganultrasound/droplet/bubbleinteractioneffect.Bubblesresulting
experimental groups. Overall conclusions drawn from this work suggest a fromvaporizationathighPRFweremorelikelytooccludesmallbloodves-
mechanotransduction-likeeffectthatresultsinendothelialradiosensitization. sels,possiblyduetocoalescing.
8:50 9:20
2aBAa5.Magnetictargetingofoxygenloadedmicrobubblesforsonody- 2aBAa7.Enhancedchondrocytesgrowthin3-Dalginatescaffoldswith
namictherapy.EstelleBeguin(Univ.ofOxford,OldRd.CampusBldg., improved porosity and permeability induced by low intensity pulse
OxfordOX37DQ,UnitedKingdom),JasonSheng,HeatherNesbitt(Ulster ultrasound. JuanTu(Phys.,Inst.of Acoust.,NanjingUniv.,#22Hankou
Univ.,Coleraine,UnitedKingdom),JoshuaOwen(Univ.ofOxford,Oxordf, Rd., Nanjing 210093, China, [email protected]), Xiasheng Guo, Dong
UnitedKingdom),AnthonyMcHale,JohnCallan(UlsterUniv.,Coleraine, Zhang(Phys.,NanjingUniv,Inst.ofAcoust.,Nanjing,Jiangsu,China),Qin-
UnitedKingdom),andEleanorP.Stride(Univ.ofOxford,Oxford,United gyu Ma, Gepu Guo (Phys., Nanjing Normal Univ., Nanjing, China), and
Kingdom,[email protected]) HuanXu(NationalInst.ofMetrology,Nanjing,China)
Previousworkhasdemonstratedthattheefficacyofsonodynamicther- Recentdevelopmentinapplicationsofnewbiomaterialsandbiomedical
apy(SDT)canbesignificantlyenhancedbyconjugatingSDTdrugstooxy- engineeringenablethetissueengineeringtobecomeapromisingcartilage
gen filled microbubbles. For eventual clinical use however, achieving repair technique. Here, a 3-D alginatescaffoldwas fabricatedbya cross-
adequatemicrobubblestabilityandtargetingrepresentsaconsiderablechal- linkedmethod.Experimentswereperformedtoinvestigatehowtheporosity
lenge. This study investigated whether functionalizing microbubbles with and permeability of the 3-D scaffold, as well as the proliferation rate of
magneticnanoparticlescouldbothimprovetheirlongevityandenablelocal- seeded cells, were affected by the ultrasound exposure parameters. The
izationofthemicrobubblestoatargetsite.Phospholipidcoatedmicrobub- scanningelectronmicroscopyandfluorescenceimagingwereusedtoexam-
bles containing oxygen and 50 nm spherical magnetite particles were inethemicro-structure,porosity,andpermeabilityofthescaffolds,andbio-
producedbysonicationandconjugatedtotheSDTdrugRoseBengalviaan chemical analyses were applied to assess the cell growth in the scaffold.
Avidin-Biotin linker. The additionof the nanoparticles was foundto sub- The optimum low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPU) driving parameters
stantiallyenhancethestabilityofthemicrobubblestochangesinsizeand thatbenefittheenhancementofscaffoldporosityandcellproliferationwere
concentration.OrthotopictumorswereinducedinBALB/cSCIDmiceusing alsoexplored.Theresultssuggestthat,forthescaffoldexposedtoLIPU,its
the BxPc-3 human pancreatic cell line and exposed to ultrasound for 3.5 porosityandpermeabilitycouldbesignificantlyenhancedbytheincreasing
min (3.5 Wcm-2 at 1 MHz center frequency, 100 Hz pulse repetition fre- LIPUamplitude,whichmightbeinducedbythemicrostreamingshearstress
quency,and30%dutycycle)followingintravenousinjectionofthemicro- generated by ultrasound-driven microbubble oscillations. The assessments
bubbles with or without application of a 0.1 T magnetic field. 38 days ofcellproliferationandcollagenIIexpressionconfirmedthat,withappro-
postimplantation the tumors treated with both ultrasound and the magnet priatelyselectedLIPUSdrivingparameters,chondrocytesgrowthcouldbe
were50%smallerthanthecontroltumorsandexhibitedathreefoldincrease effectivelypromotedin3-DalginatescaffoldstreatedbyLIPU,becauseof
inactivecaspaseasamarkerofapoptosis.Therewasnostatisticallysignifi- theimprovedscaffoldporosityandpermeabilitymightbenefitcellgrowth
canteffectofultrasoundalone. spaceandnutritionsupply.
3026 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,Vol.140,No.4,Pt.2,October2016 5thJointMeetingASA/ASJ 3026