Tuberculosis

389 Pages·1995·11.459 MB·English

by  Larry I. Lutwick (auth.), Larry I. Lutwick (eds.)

Tuberculosis
Piglet sidled up to Pooh from behind,
'Pooh,' he whispered. 'Yes, Piglet?'
'Nothing,' said Piglet, taking Pooh's paw.
'I just wanted to be sure of you.'
A.A. Milne
This book is dedicated to those whom
1 always want to be sure of:
Suzanne
Rachel
Zach
Arielle
Jonina
Tuberculosis
Edited by Larry J. Lutwick
Springer-Science+Business Media, B.Y.
First edition 1995
© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1995.
Typeset in Times 10/12 pt by Florencetype Ltd, Stoodleigh Court, Devon
ISBN 978-0-412-60740-0 ISBN 978-1-4899-2869-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-2869-6
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study,
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The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard
to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
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ANSIINISO Z39.48-1992 and ANSIINISO Z39.48-1984 (Permanence of Paper).
Contents
List of contributors VI
Acknowledgements ix
1 Introduction 1
Larry I. Lutwick
2 A history of tuberculosis 5
Edward L. Pesanti
3 Epidemiology of tuberculosis 20
Ida M. Onorato, Joseph H. Kent, Kenneth G. Castro
4 Tuberculosis in the adult 54
Elfatih I.M. Abter, Orlando Schaening, Ronald L. Barbour,
Larry I. Lutwick
5 Tuberculosis in mv- infected individuals 102
Douglas V. Sepkowitz
6 Pediatric aspects of tuberculosis 117
Amin Hakim, J oyce R. Grossman
7 The microbiology of tuberculosis 154
Michael H. Levi
8 TubereuIin skin testing 183
Larry I. Lutwick
9 Infection control issues in tuberculosis 207
Suzanne M. Lutwick
10 Ethical and legal aspects of tuberculosis control 238
Sheldon H. Landesman
11 Antitubercular drugs 252
Peter G. Barber, William M. Goldman,
Annette J. Stahl Avicolli, Rosemary Smith, Neal Rairden,
Octavio Maragni, J eneane Chirico, Constance Mangone
12 Antituberculous therapy 295
Jeremy D. Gradon
13 Treatment of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis 317
Livette S. J ohnson, Kent A. Sepkowitz
14 Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections 331
Edward K. Chapnick
Index 370
Contributors
Elfatih I.M. Abter
Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Medical Center, 1st Avenue
and 16th Street, New York, NY 10003, USA
Peter G. Barber
Department of Pharmacy, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 Tenth
Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
Ronald L. Barbour
Division of Infectious Diseases, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 Tenth
Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
Kenneth G. Castro
Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for Prevention
Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health
Service, United States Department of Health and Human Services, 1600
Clifton Road, E-lO, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Edward K. Chapnick
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Maimonides
Medical Center, 4802 Tenth Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
Jeneane Chirico
Department of Pharmacy, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 Tenth
Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
William M. Goldman
Department of Pharmacy, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 Tenth
Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
Jeremy D. Gradon
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Sinai Hospital,
2401 West Belvedere Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215, USA
----'I I
'-----__________C _O__NT_ R_ IB_U_T_O_R_S_ ________ vii
Joyce R. Grossman
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Maimonides
Medical Center, 4802 Tenth Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
Amin Hakim
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Maimonides
Medical Center, 4802 Tenth Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
Livette S. Johnson
Infectious Diseases Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center,
1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
Joseph H. Kent
Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for Prevention
Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health
Service, United States Department of Health and Human Services, 1600
Clifton Road, E-lO, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Sheldon H. Landesman
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, State University
of N ew Y ork, Health Science Center at Brooklyn, 450 Clarkson Avenue,
Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
Michael H. Levi
Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology,
Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111
East 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
Larry 1. Lutwick
Division of Infectious Diseases, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 Tenth
Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
Suzanne M. Lutwick
Department of Infection Control, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 Tenth
Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
Constance Mangone
Department of Pharmacy, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 Tenth
Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
Octavio Maragni
Department of Pharmacy, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 Tenth
Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
I LI __________
viii C_O_N_T_R_IB_U_T_O_R_S_ ________- ----'
[da M. Onorato
Surveillance and Epidemiologic Investigation Branch, Division of
Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for Prevention Services,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service,
United States Department of Health and Human Services, 1600 Clifton
Road, E-lO, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Edward L. Pesanti
Medical Service Veterans Administration Medical Center, Newington, CT,
and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Connecticut Health
Center School of Medicine, Farrington, CT, USA
Neal Rairden
Department of Pharmacy, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 Tenth
Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
Orlando Schaening
Division of Infectious Diseases, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 Tenth
Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
Douglas V. Sepkowitz
Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 Tenth Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219,
USA
Kent A. Sepkowitz
Infectious Diseases Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center,
1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
Rosemary Smith
Department of Pharmacy, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 Tenth
Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
Annette J. Stahl A vicolli
Department of Pharmacy, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 Tenth
Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
Acknowledgements
Infectious disease is one of the great tragedies of living things - the
struggle for existence between different forms of life. Man sees it from
his own prejudiced point of view, but clams, oysters, insects, fish, flow
ers, tobacco, potatoes, tomatoes, fruit, shrubs, trees, have their own
varieties of smallpox, measles, cancer or tuberculosis. Incessantly, the
pitiless war goes on, without quarter or armistice - a nationalism of
species against species.
But however secure and well-regulated civilized life may become,
bacteria, Protozoa, viruses, infected fleas, lice, ticks, mosquitoes and
bedbugs will always lurk in the shadows ready to pounce when neglect,
poverty, famine, oe war lets down the defenses. Even in normal times
they prey on the weak, the very young and the very old, living along
with us, in mysterious obscurity waiting their opportunities. About the
only genuine sporting proposition that remains unimpaired by the
relentless domestication of a once free-living human species is the war
against these ferocious little creatures, which lurk in the dark corners
and stalk us in the bodies of rats, mice and all kinds of domestic ani
mals; which fly and crawl with the insects, and waylay us in our food
and drink and even in our love.
Hans Zinsser (1934) Rats, Lice and History. Little, Brown and Co.,
Boston, MA, pp. 7, 13-14.
The literary example of Hans Zinsser is gratefully acknowledged by the
editor. Dr Zinsser's ability to communicate medical information in an easily
readable form sets an example of what should be aimed for, to generate a
product which can be read, not just studied.
The authors wish to thank the following individuals for their collective
assistance in the preparation of the chapters in this book: Nilda Barberi,
Joyce Harris, Maria Rodriguez, Toby Sahm, Rosie Sanchez, Patricia
Scurvin and Sanell Sickles. Acknowledgement must also be given to Lydia
Friedman, James Verlander, Richard Patrimonio and Mary Doherty for
their help in finding old journals and confirming citations and to Willie