True Truffle (Tuber spp.) in the World: Soil Ecology, Systematics and Biochemistry PDF
Preview True Truffle (Tuber spp.) in the World: Soil Ecology, Systematics and Biochemistry
Soil Biology Alessandra Zambonelli Mirco Iotti Claude Murat Editors True Truffl e (Tuber spp.) in the World Soil Ecology, Systematics and Biochemistry Soil Biology Volume 47 Series Editor AjitVarma,AmityInstituteofMicrobialTechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP, India More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/5138 Alessandra Zambonelli (cid:129) Mirco Iotti (cid:129) Claude Murat Editors True Truffle (Tuber spp.) in the World Soil Ecology, Systematics and Biochemistry Editors AlessandraZambonelli MircoIotti DepartmentofAgriculturalScience DepartmentofLife,Health UniversityofBologna andEnvironmentalSciences Bologna,Italy UniversityofL’Aquila L’Aquila,Italy ClaudeMurat INRA,Universite´deLorraine InteractionsArbres-Microorganismes LabofExcellenceARBRE Champenoux,France ISSN1613-3382 ISSN2196-4831 (electronic) SoilBiology ISBN978-3-319-31434-1 ISBN978-3-319-31436-5 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-31436-5 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016945975 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAGSwitzerland Preface As we were writing this preface, the COP21 international conference on climate change was being held in Paris, highlighting the importance of all initiatives to protectthefutureoftheplanet.Forests,andmoregenerallytrees,playakeyrolein carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas mitigation. Many trees live in strict symbiosiswithectomycorrhizalfungithatareimportantforecosystems’function- ing. Some ectomycorrhizal species, such as boletes and truffles, are also famous becausetheyformediblefructifications,andtrufflesbelongingtotheTubergenus, the so-called “true truffles,” are gourmet delicacies worldwide. The genus Tuber includesaround180species,mostofwhicharenaturallydistributedinthenorthern hemisphere. Some Tuber species, such as Tuber magnatum (the Italian white truffle), T. melanosporum (the Perigord black truffle), T. aestivum (the Burgundy truffle),andT.borchii(thebianchettotruffle),arethemosteconomicallyimportant fungi, but other Tuber species are edible and locally appreciated as well. Besides their economic and culinary importance, many truffle species play a key role in forest ecosystems, including disturbed forests, where they are often common ectomycorrhizal symbionts. Moreover, the cultivation of some truffle species such as T. melanosporum and T. aestivum has spread worldwide in the last two decades and has diversified crops and incomes for local farmers. In this context, manybookshavebeenwrittenontruffles,butmostoftheminFrenchandItalian,or theyarefocusedonafewspeciesorspecificaspects. Inthisbook,wedecidedtocovermuchofthetaxonomicdiversityofthegenus Tuber, in addition to economically important species, and include information generated from more recent technological innovations (e.g., second-generation DNA sequencing). The book is divided into five parts and comprises chapters written by experienced and internationally recognized scientists. The aim is to provide an inventory of the knowledge on truffle systematics, interactions with abiotic and biotic environments, strategies for spore dispersal, and biochemistry. Suchmultidisciplinaryapproachprovidesauniqueinsightandabetterunderstand- ing of the truffle ecology and the role these fungi play in natural and managed ecosystems. v vi Preface Wearegratefultothemanyscientistswhogenerouslyassistedusinwritingand reviewingthecontentofthisbook.Itwouldbetoolongtociteallthecontributors, but we would like to highlight all the corresponding authors of the chapters: Antonella Amicucci, Elena Barbieri, Niccolo` Benucci, Gregory Bonito, Gilberto Bragato, Zoltan Bratek, Milan Gryndler, Benoit Jaillard, Chen Juan, Enrico Lancellotti,Franc¸oisLeTacon,FrancisMartin,CristinaMenta,VirginieMolinier, Giovanni Pacioni, Francesco Paolocci, Xavier Parlade´, Federica Piattoni, Claudio Ratti,ChristopheRobin,MatthewSmith,RichardSplivallo,andAlexanderUrban. Peer review by contributors to this volume and by external internationally recognized scientists helped to maintain the rigor and high quality of material presented. We would like to thank especially all the colleagues who helped us in reviewing the chapters: Antonella Amicucci, Niccolo` Benucci, Gilberto Bragato, Aure´lie Deveau, Lorenzo Gardin, Milan Gryndler, Ian Hall, Benoit Jaillard, AnnegretKohler,VirginieMolinier,GiovanniPacioni,FrancescoPaolocci,Xavier Parlade´,FedericaPiattoni,MariaAgneseSabatini,ElenaSalerni,MassimoTurina, GiulianoVitali,andYunWang.WearealsogratefultoJoeySpataforawhokindly revisedthisPreface. We would like also to thank Ajit Varma, series editor, who gave us this great opportunity, Jutta Linderborn, Editor Life Science of Springer, and Sumathy Thanigaivelu,fortheirhelpandpatienceinrespondingtoallthequeriesregarding the preparation of the book and for giving us the opportunity to include the color picturesprovided. Wehopethisbookwillserveasaprimaryresearchreferenceforresearchersand researchmanagersinterestedinmycology,ecology,andsoilsciences.Ouraimwas also to provide a reference book for farmers and foresters who are interested in truffle cultivation worldwide. We are convinced that truffles deserve to be pre- served in the context of climate change in order to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem functioning but also to allow future generations to appreciate these uniquenaturalresources. Bologna,Italy AlessandraZambonelli L’Aquila,Italy MircoIotti Champenoux,France ClaudeMurat December2015 Contents PartI Phylogeny 1 GeneralSystematicPositionoftheTruffles:Evolutionary Theories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 GregoryM.BonitoandMatthewE.Smith 2 TheBlackTrufflesTubermelanosporumandTuberindicum. . . . . 19 JuanChen,ClaudeMurat,PeterOviatt,YongjinWang, andFranc¸oisLeTacon 3 TheBurgundyTruffle(Tuberaestivumsyn.uncinatum): ATruffleSpecieswithaWideHabitatRangeoverEurope. . . . . . 33 VirginieMolinier,MartinaPeter,UlrichStobbe,andSimonEgli 4 Tuberbrumale:AControversialTuberSpecies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 ZsoltMere´nyi,TordaVarga,andZolta´nBratek 5 Taxonomy,BiologyandEcologyofTubermacrosporum Vittad.andTubermesentericumVittad.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 GianMariaNiccolo` Benucci,AndreaG(cid:1)oga´nCsorbai, LeonardoBaciarelliFalini,GiorgioMarozzi,EdoardoSuriano, NicolaSitta,andDomiziaDonnini 6 Tubermagnatum:TheSpecialOne.WhatMakesItsoDifferent fromtheOtherTuberspp.?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 ClaudiaRiccioni,AndreaRubini,BeatriceBelfiori, GianluigiGregori,andFrancescoPaolocci 7 ThePuberulumGroupSensuLato(WhitishTruffles). . . . . . . . . . 105 EnricoLancellotti,MircoIotti,AlessandraZambonelli, andAntonioFranceschini vii viii Contents 8 ABriefOverviewoftheSystematics,Taxonomy,andEcology oftheTuberrufumClade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 RosanneHealy,GregoryM.Bonito,andMatthewE.Smith 9 TruffleGenomics:InvestigatinganEarlyDivergingLineage ofPezizomycotina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 ClaudeMuratandFrancisMartin PartII TheAbioticEnvironment 10 InfluenceofClimateonNaturalDistributionofTuberSpecies andTruffleProduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Franc¸oisLeTacon 11 SoilCharacteristicsofTubermelanosporumHabitat. . . . . . . . . . . 169 BenoˆıtJaillard,DanielOliach,PierreSourzat, andCarlosColinas 12 SoilCharacteristicsforTubermagnatum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 GilbertoBragatoandZˇaklinaS.Marjanovic´ 13 SoilCharacteristicsforTuberaestivum(Syn.T.uncinatum). . . . . . 211 ChristopheRobin,Noe´mieGoutal-Pousse,andFranc¸oisLeTacon 14 SoilsandVegetationinNaturalHabitatsofTuberindicum inChina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Franc¸oisLeTacon,YongjinWang,andNoe´mieGoutal-Pousse PartIII TheBioticEnvironment 15 ToolstoTraceTrufflesinSoil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 249 JavierParlade´,HerminiaDelaVarga,andJoanPera 16 TrueTruffleHostDiversity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 MilanGryndler 17 Truffle-InhabitingFungi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 GiovanniPacioniandMarcoLeonardi 18 Truffle-AssociatedBacteria:ExtrapolationfromDiversity toFunction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 ElenaBarbieri,PaolaCeccaroli,DeborahAgostini, SabrinaDonatiZeppa,AnnaMariaGioacchini,andVilbertoStocchi 19 BiodiversityandEcologyofSoilFaunainRelationtoTruffle. . . . 319 CristinaMentaandStefaniaPinto 20 MycovirusesInfectingTrueTruffles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 ClaudioRatti,MircoIotti,AlessandraZambonelli, andFedericaTerlizzi Contents ix PartIV SporeDispersal 21 TrufflesandSmallMammals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 AlexanderUrban 22 InterrelationshipsBetweenWildBoars(Susscrofa) andTruffles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 FedericaPiattoni,FrancescaOri,AntonellaAmicucci,ElenaSalerni, andAlessandraZambonelli PartV Biochemistry 23 TheSmellofTruffles:FromAromaBiosynthesis toProductQuality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 RichardSplivalloandLauraCullere´ 24 AProteomicViewofTruffles:AspectsofPrimary MetabolismandMolecularProcessesDuringTheir LifeCycle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 AntonellaAmicucci,MarselinaArshakyan,PaolaCeccaroli, FrancescoPalma,GiovanniPiccoli,RobertaSaltarelli, VilbertoStocchi,andLucianaVallorani Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
Description:The list of books you might like
