Troubleshoot of Pharmaceutical Calculations

503 Pages·2·29.335 MB·English

by  MD. Sohel Rana

TROUBLESHOOT OF
PHARMACEUTICAL
CALCULATIONS
A guidebook of Pharmaceutical Calculations (by Howard C.
th
Ansel (14 Edition))

MD. SOHEL RANA
Department of Pharmacy
UNIVERSITY OF ASIA
PACIFIC
"Troubleshoot of Pharmaceutical Calculations"
Md. Sohel Rana

Publisher: Md. Sohel Rana ([phone]) [email protected]

Typing: Md. Zahid Hasan & Cover Photo designed by: Jitu Shahed

All right reserved by the Author

Price: Taka 450 , US$. 10

Sole distributor:

KEYA MEDICAL BOOK CENTRE

136, Islamia Market, Nilkhet , Dhaka-1205

Mobile: [phone]

Phone: [phone]

ISBN: 978-984-33-7873-6
Dedicated to

Parents and all of my teachers
INTRODUCTION

“Troubleshoot of Pharmaceutical Calculation” is a book in which solutions of
almost all the pharmaceutical mathematics calculation (by Howard C. Ansel 13th
edition) is available. This is the second edition of the 14th edition (Howard C.Ansel).
I Hope that it will be helpful and very effective for all the students of Pharmacy
department as well as in health practice. Each chapter contains basic concept and
solution of problems. In basic concept, there are some primary definitions and
equations that are required to solve the common problems, and questions with
solutions are also available. Chapter 1 to 24 contains queries and answers based on
the book pharmaceutical calculation (by Howard C. Ansel 13th edition). There are
additional two new chapters named “Capsule related calculation: selection of shell
size, weight capacity and minims per gram calculation” and “Molarity, Normality
and Molality”. That will be also helpful and very effective for Pharmacy students as
well as in case of Pharmaceutical production.
To calculate the drug quantity, the specification of drugs, and required amount of
drugs for the individual, for different dosage forms like, tablet, capsule, solution,
suspension intravenous infusion etc. this book will be very effective and helpful.
Best of hap from the core of the author’s heart goes to the buyer of this book.

If any mistakes are found, like, typing, calculation related mistakes etc. please inform page
number and problem number to the author via email ([email protected]).
Insha Allah all the mistakes will be overcome in next edition.

Author
Md. Sohel Rana
Student, Pharmacy Department
University of Asia Pacific
Acknowledgments

The author gratefully professes the contribution for revision and associated help of
this book: Ikramul Hassan (Lecturer, DU) and Dr. Abdul Mazid (Professor,
University of Dhaka). I want to especially thank my advisor Ms. Sayeeda Fahmee
Chowdhury for her continuous support. Also, thanks to my teacher, parents and
friends for encouraging me in completing such a huge task. Novel additional
chapter named @Capsule related Calculation: selection of capsule shell, weight
capacity and minims per gram calculation@ I want to especially thank my
honorable teacher SM Ashraful Islam, Associate prof. , UAP. His excellent advice
has helped me to compile everything necessary. I am grateful to my head of the
dept. Prof. Dr. Swarnali Islam Khandaker, and Professor Dr. Muhiuddin Ahmed
Bhuiyan, a great mentor and has always inspired me behind writing this book.

Author
Md. Sohel Rana
Contents
CHAPTER CHAPTER NAME PAGE NO
NO
01 FUNDAMENTALS OF PHARMACEUTICAL 01-19
CALCULATION
02 INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNIT 20-46
03 PHARMACEUTICALMEASUREMENT 47--53
04 INTERPRETATION OF PRESCRIPTIONS AND 54--57
MEDICATION ORDERS
05 DENSITY, SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND SPECIFIC 58-72
VOLUME
06 PERCENTAGE, RATIO STRENGTH, AND 73-116
OTHER EXPRESSION OF CONCENTRATION
07 CALCULATION OF DOSES: GENRAL 117-136
CONSIDERATION
08 CALCULATION OF DOSES: PATIENT 137-173
PARAMETERS
09 SOME CALCULATIONS INVOLVING 174-189
MEASURES OF POTENCY
10 SELECTED CLINICAL CALCULATIONS 190-201
11 ISOTONIC AND BUFFER SOLUTION 202-222
12 ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION: 223-264
MILLIEQUIVALENT, MILLIMOLES, AND
MILLIOSMOLES
13 INTRAVENOUS INFUSION, PARENTERAL 265-292
ADMIXTURES, AND RATE OF FLOW
CALCULATION
14 ENTERAL AND PARENTERAL NUTRITION , 293-315
BODY MASS INDEX AND THE FOOD
NUTRION LABEL
15 ALTERING PRODUCT STRENGTH, USE OF 316-354
STOCK, AND PROBLEM SOLVING BY
ALLIGATION
16 REDUCING AND ENLARGING FORMULA 355-368
17 SELECTED CALCULATION IN 369-406
CONTEMORARY COMPOUNDS
18 SELECTED CALCULATIONS INVOLVING 407-417
VETERINARY PHARMACEUTICALS
19 SELECTED CALCULATIONS ASSOCIATED 318-425
WITH PLANT EXTRACTIVES
20 CALCULATION OF ACTIVE DRUG MOIETY 426-434
21 SELECTED CALCULATIONS INVOLVING 435-450
RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS
22 BIOAVAILABILITY AND 451-459
PHARMACOKINETICS CALCULATIONS

23 SELECTED PHARMACOECONOMICS
CALCULATIONS
460-470
24 COMMON SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENT AND 471-480
Apendix-A CONVERSION
25 CAPSULE RELATED CALCULATION: 481-487
SELECTION OF SHELL SIZE, WEIGHT
CAPACITY AND MINIMS PER GRAM
CALCULATION
26 MOLARITY, NORMALITY AND MOLALITY 488-491
Success, getting fast is serendipity, but getting last is achievement.
(Sohel Rana)
TROUBLESHOOT OF PHARMACEUTICAL CALCULATION

CHAPTER: 01
FUNDAMENTALS OF PHARMACEUTICAL CALCULATION

Basic concept:
Decimal Fractions :
A decimal fraction is a fraction where the denominator (the bottom number) is power
of ten. (such as 10, 100, 1000 etc) . You can write decimal fraction with a decimal
point (and no denominator) , which make easier to do calcation like addition and
multiplication on fractions.
Example:
43/100 is a decimal fraction and it can be shown as 0.43
51/1000 is a decimal fraction and it can be shown as 0.051

Percent :
A percentage is a number or ratio as a fraction of 100. It is often denoted using
the percent sign, “%”, or the abbreviation “pct.” For example, 45% (read as “forty-
five percent”) is equal to 45/100, or 0.45.
Example: Convert 3/8 as a percentage.
3/8 × 100 = 37.5 % (answer)

Exponential Notation:
The exponential notation (sometimes called the "scientific" notation) greatly
simplifies calculations, especially with very large and very small numbers. It uses
positive and negative exponents to write multiples
and submultiples of 10:
Any number raised to the
1000 = 10 x 10 x 10 = 103
zeroth power equals one.
100 = 10 x 10 = 102
10 = 10 = 101
1 = 100
0.1 = 1/10 = 10-1
0.01 = 1/100 = 10-2

Ratio proportion and variation:
A ratio is a comparison of two similar quantity by the other. Ratio are written with the :
symbol
Example: the ratio of 6 to 3 is 6÷ 3 = 6/3 = 6: 3 = 2
The ratio of 3 to 6 is 3÷6 = 3/6 = 3:6 = 1/2
A proportion is the expression of the equality of two ratios. It may be written in any one
of
1