Tropical Zooplankton

332 Pages·1984·13.07 MB·English

by  R. D. Tait, R. J. Shiel, W. Koste (auth.), H. J. Dumont, J. G. Tundisi (eds.)

Tropical Zooplankton
Developments in Hydrobiology 23
Series editor
H. J. Dumont
Tropical Zooplankton
Edited by
H. J. Dumont and J. G. Tundisi
Reprinted from Hydrobiologia, vol. 113 (1984)
~·
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. 1984 ''
Library of Conlress Catalolinl in Publication Data
Main entry under tit~e:
Tropical ZO:JPlankton.
(Deve~opnents in hydrobio~ogy ; 23)
~. Freshwater zooplankton--Tropics--Congresses.
r. Dumont, H. J. (Henry J.) II. Tundisi, J. G.
III. Hydrobio~ogia. IV. Series.
QLl43.T67 ~984 5~ 84-826
ISBN 978-90-481-8522-1 ISBN 978-94-017-3612-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-3612-1
Cover design: Max Velthuijs
Copyriaht
@ 1984 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1984
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 1984
AII rights reserved. N o part of this publication may be repro
duced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or
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wise, without the prior written permission of the publishers.
Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.
Top left and right, two views of the participants to the symposium in the meeting room;
bottom, closing ceremony.
Preface
Our knowledge of the limnology of the waters situated, roughly, between the tropics of cancer and of
capricorn, has depended for a long time on the expedition-approach, and therefore developed in a rather
irregular, haphazard way, with the personal incentive of a small number of individuals as the main driving
force.
Things slowly started to change in the 1950s, and at an accelerating rate in the 1960s and 1970s. The IBP,
and later the SCOPE and MAB programs, whatever their shortcomings are or may have been, promoted
in-depth research of a small number of tropical lakes. For one thing, they showed the need for the creation of
in situ limnological research institutes.
When, in the 1970s, limnological research facilities or their nuclei began to appear in the tropical zones of
all continents, an interesting phenomenon occurred: while most of the young native limnologists had received
their training in advanced centres or courses held in the temperate (and developed) climatic zones, quite a few
of their former supervisors or their associates became interested in warm lakes and rivers as well, using the
new or newly expanded local institutes. We are, today, still in this phase and it is, apparently, expanding even
further. Although not all experiments of this kind lead to happy marriages, a few were quite successful, and
several papers contained in the present volume are hoped to reflect this.
Because tropical limnology has now become as fashionable as tropical tourism, there has been a boom in
the number of manuscripts offered for publication. The number of cryptic local journals that accommodate
some of the weaker of these has increased too, and consequently, the need for a quality control of some kind
has become acute.
Not only should one stimulate research, training and motivation (quite a few newly trained lirnnologists are
drained away into bureaucracy on return to their horne countries), but also the most immediate needs and
priorities should be defined, and duplication of efforts prevented. To achieve this, some amount of organisa
tion and coordination on a world scale is necessary. As a minimum requirement, information should
circulate: the different workers and groups active in tropical limnology should be aware of each other's
activities.
When at the SIL-conference in Kyoto in 1980 a special session was devoted to tropical limnology, both its
success and its heterogeneity were striking. It was evident to all who were present that more and diversified
efforts were needed to promote this relatively new field. It was thus decided to greatly emphasize tropical
limnology at the SIL-conference in Lyon in 1983, and also to stimulate smaller meetings on selected topics,
preferably to be held in a tropical country.
When the editors of the present volume met in July 1981 in the USSR during a SCC>PE-meeting on
problems of shallow lakes, the idea of having a symposium on tropical zooplankton was born.
Limnology in South America, and especially in Brazil, is developing rapidly, and therefore the latter
country seemed extremely appropriate to host this meeting. It was agreed upon that the term zooplankton
should be broadly taken, to accommodate not only the lirnnetic community, but also the littoral, and groups
that may occur as planktonts only sporadically, or in the larval stage only. Contributors were invited to focus
on taxonomy, ecology, distribution, and managemental aspects of the zooplankton community.
VIII
About 60 scientists replied to our first circular, and the final attendance was in that order, with approxi
mately 35 oral and poster presentations of original research work, time for formal and informal discussions,
and half a day of workshop meetings in small discussion groups. While the meetings, by their location,
certainly highlighted South American limnology, the four tropical continents were all represented.
A midweek excursion took the participants to the reservoir of Barra Bonita in the centre of Sao Paulo state,
and a small group stayed for a week in the magnificent environment of the Pantanal lakes of Matto Grosso, a
truly unforgettable experience.
Although Dr W. Junk Publishers agreed to publish the proceedings of our symposium in Hydro
biologia/ Developments in Hydro biology, the whole undertaking would not have been possible without the
financial assistance of CAPES (Coordonacao de Ajerjeicamento do Pessoal de Nivel Superior), FAPESP
(Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo), and CNPq (Conselho Nacional de
Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico), who provided general support and travel expenses.
Facilities provided by the University of Sao Carlos should also be acknowledged. Brazilian limnology first
developed in the Amazon region under the auspices of the Max Planck Gesellschaft. In southern Brazil,
limnology has always been connected with sanitary engineering and water quality control. However, in the
last decade, a considerable effort was made at the Federal University of Sao Carlos to organize limnological
research with an aim to creating a centre of excellence in this field, and to create possibilities for training
people at an advanced level. For these reasons, Sao Carlos seemed the most appropriate site for the
symposium to take place. The local organising committee did an outstanding job in organising the sessions,
and Mrs N. Wendell Magalhaes was a perfect guide in the post-symposium excursion.
Finally, we thank all participants in the group discussions for permitting us to use the results of their
deliberations in the epilogue to this volume.
Caraguatatuba, December 1982 Henri J. Dumont & Jose G. Tundisi
Contents
Preface ...................................... . VII
I. Structure and dynamics of zooplankton communities, Alligator Rivers Region, N .T., Australia
by R. D. Tait, R. J. Shiel & W. Koste ........................ .
2. Feeding in adult females of Argyrodiaptomusfurcatus (Sars, 190 I), Copepoda-Calanoida, of Lobo
Reservoir (Broa), Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
by L. H. S. Tavares & T. Matsumura-Tundisi 15
3. Some Crustacea Copepoda from Venezuela
by B. H. Dussart . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
:
4. Some remarks on the latitudinal distribution of Cladocera on the Indian subcontinent
by C. H. Fernando & A. Kanduru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
5. A review of systematics, distribution and ecology of tropical freshwater zooplankton
by B. H. Dussart, C. H. Fernando, T. Matsumura-Tundisi & R. J. Shiel 77
6. Zooplankton associations in the swamps of southern Sudan
by J. Green .......................... . 93
7. Ecological studies of Cladocera in the ricefields of Tanjung Karang, Malaysia, subjected to
pesticide treatment
by R. P. Lim, M. F. Abdullah & C. H. Fernando . . . . . . . 99
8. The freshwater zooplankton of Central America and the Caribbean
by Carmen Collado, C. H. Fernando & Dawn Sephton . . . . . 105
9. A study of the zooplankton community of Billings Reservoir- Sao Paulo
by S. Sendacz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
10. Species composition and seasonal abundance of zooplankton in two Ethiopian Rift Valley lakes
-Lakes Abiata and Langano
by Kassahun W odajo & Amha Belay . . . . . . . . . . 129
II. Zooplankton composition of ten reservoirs in southern Brazil
by Marlene Sofia Arcifa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
12. The distribution of brackish water Calanoida (Copepoda) along the coasts of Brazil
by M.S. de Almeida Prado Por & F. A. Lansac Toha ........... . 147
13. An outline of the distribution patterns of the freshwater Copepoda of Israel and surroundings
by F. D. Por ................................. . 151
14. Some comments on tropical littoral Cladocera, with a description of Alona incredibilis sp. nov.
by N. N. Smirnov ................................ . 155
15. Attempt at ecological prognosis of the plankton in the man-made lake 'Parana Medio (Chapeton
Transect)', Argentina
by N. N. Smirnov ................................ . 159
16. Physiological responses of the early zoeal stages of Palaemon panda/iformis Stimpson and
Palaemon northropi (Rankin) to salinity variation
by Gloria S. Moreira & John C. McNamara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
X
17. Consumption of zooplanktonic organisms by Astyanax fasciatus Cuvier, 1819 (Osteichthyes,
Characidae) in Lobo (Broa) Reservoir, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
by Paulina Maria Maia Barbosa & Takako Matsumura-Tundisi ............ . 171
18. Spatial structure of the zooplankton community in the Cabo Frio region (Brazil) influenced by
coastal upwelling
by Jean L. Valentin . . . . . . ......................... . 183
19. Assessment of factors influencing the composition, body size and turnover rate of zooplankton in
Parakrama Samudra, an irrigation reservoir in Sri Lanka
by A. Duncan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
20. Zooplankton feeding in the fish Trichogaster pectoralis Regan
by Jiamjit Boonsom . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 217
21. The freshwater zooplankton of Thailand (Rotifera and Crustacea)
by Jiamjit Boonsom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·. . . . . . . 223
22. Tropical lakes - functional ecology and future developments: The need for a process-oriented
approach
by Jens Petter Nilssen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
23. Influence of predation by fish and water turbidity on a Daphnia gessneri population in an
Amazonian floodplain lake, Brazil
by Mirian Leal Carvalho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
24. The impact of zooplankton status on the management of Lake Kinneret (Israel)
by M. Gophen ................................. . 249
25. The free-living inland aquatic nematodes of Africa- a review
by Ludo J. Jacobs ................................ . 259
26. The effect of Cyanophyta upon zooplankton in a eutrophic tropical lake (Lake Valencia,
Venezuela)
by Aida Infante & Wendula Riehl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
27. Diel migration and vertical distribution of Cladocera in Lake D. Helvecio (Minas Gerais, Brazil)
by T. Matsumura-Tundisi, J. G. Tundisi & L. S. Tavares ............... . 299
28. Biomass and production of Argyrodiaptomus furcatus, a tropical calanoid copepod in Broa
Reservoir, southern Brazil
by Odete Rocha & Takako Matsumura-Tundisi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · . · 307
29. The nature and origin of the crustacean zooplankton of Sahelian Africa, with a note on the
Limnomedusa
by Henri J. Dumont & Hans M. Verheye ........ . 313
30. Description of Alana broaensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Cladocera)
by T. Matsumura-Tundisi & N. N. Smirnov ..... . 327
Epiloque: The future of tropical zooplankton studies
by H. J. Dumont and J. G. Tundisi 331
General index 335
Author index . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Structure and dynamics of zooplankton communities, Alligator Rivers Region, N.T.,
Australia
R. D. Tait1, R. J. Shiel2 & W. Koste3
1 Pancontinental Mining Ltd., Jabiluka Division. Environmental Laboratory, Northern Territory, Australia
Present address: Esso Australia Ltd. . P.O. Box 4047. Sydney 2001, Australia
2Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3GJ, Canada
Present address: Department of Botany, University of Adelaide, 500/ South Australia
3Ludwig Brill Strasse5, Quakenbriick D-4570, Federal Republic of Germany
Keywords: tropical zooplankton, Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepoda, tropical Australia
Abstract
Biological monitoring in the Alligator Rivers region, northern Australia, provides baseline ecological
information to assess the impact of uranium mining and milling and settlement in the area. Spatial and
temporal variations 1978-1980 in zooplankton communities of the Magela Creek, a tributary of the East
Alligator River, are described. Extremely diverse plankton assemblages occur late in the wet season
{Dec.-May), with up to 80 taxa of rotifers and microcrustacea in some billabongs {=ox-bows), while there is
a decrease in diversity but increase in population density as the dry season progresses. Natural fluctuations in
water quality may be extreme, and limiting to plankters common elsewhere in the tropics. The plankton is
composed largely of littoral or epiphytic taxa, with endemic species in all groups.
Introduction published information on floodplain plankton com
munities for the continent, and only a single study
A continuing water quality and biological moni of littoral microcrustacea in a billabong (Shiel,
toring programme in the Alligator Rivers region of 1976).
northern Australia is providing basic ecological in To extend these reports, we summarise seasonal
formation against which to assess the impact of fluctuations in water quality in the study area, pro
mining and milling of uranium in the catchment. vide a checklist of all taxa (excluding Protozoa)
Most of the limited data on tropical freshwater recorded in the zooplankton, and give examples of
zooplankton from the Australian continent have spatial and seasonal variation in community com
derived from this area {see review by Dussart eta/, position. Data on the littoral microfauna will be
1984). published elsewhere {Shiel & Tait, in prep.).
This report is drawn from a two year study of the
species composition and population dynamics of
plankton and littoral microfauna and billabongs {= The study area
ox-bows, cut off meanders or pools isolated from a
river) on the Magela Creek, particularly the micro Magela Creek {Fig. I) is an ephemeral tributary
crustacea (Tait, 1982). A preliminary report docu of the East Alligator River 250 km east of Darwin,
mented extreme natural perturbations in the zoo N .T. The region receives 97% of the annual rainfall
plankton {Tait, 1981 ), and seasonal extremes in {X 1350 mm) Oct.-May, during which the flood
rotifer communities were described by Koste { 1981) plain may be submerged to a depth of 2-3 m. Be
and Koste & Shiel {1982). There is no comparable tween May and December, the floodplain dries out
Hydrobiologia 113, 1-13 (1984).
© Dr W. Junk Publishers, The Hague.