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Tropical Science AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMICS APPLIED TO RENEWABLE NATURAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT VOLUME 34 1994 ISSN 0041-3291 PUBLISHED BY WHURR PUBLISHERS LTD. Tropical Science Incorporating Tropical Stored Products Information EDITOR Prof. R. A. Lawrie formerly Professor of Food Dr G. Ames 26 Hurstleigh Drive, Redhill, Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Surrey RHI 2AA, UK Bonington, Leics, UK Mr J. A. McFarlane Grain Technology Dept, INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL BOARD Natural Resources Institute, Chatham Maritime, Dr B. L. Amla Director, Central Food Technological Kent, UK Research Institute, Mysore, India Prof. J. R. McWilliam Director, Australian Centre for Dr R. O. Arunga Director, Kenya Industrial Research International Agricultural Research, Canberra, and Development Institute, Nairobi, Kenya Australia Dr R. H. Booth Assistant Director General Dr J. Nabney Deputy Director, Natural Resources (International Cooperation ), International Center Institute, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas Professor P. O. Ngoddy Professor of Food (ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria Engineering and Processing, University of Nigeria, Dr Mary E. Carter Associate Administrator, Nsukka, Nigeria Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Dr Mohamed A. Nour Regional Director, UN Washington DC, USA Development Programme, New York, USA Dr E. Chalutz Head, Institute for Technology and Mr T. J. Perfect Deputy Director, Natural Resources Storage of Agricultural Products, Agricultural Institute, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK Research Organization, Israel Dr R. O. Teixeria Neto Director, Engineering and Dr R. D. Cooke, Deputy Director, Natural Resources Planning Division, Instituto de Tecnologia de Institute, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK Alimentos, Campinas, Séo Paulo, Brazil Dr A. Huijsman Coordinator, Royal Tropical Prof. A. K. Thompson Professor of Post-Harvest Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Technology, Silsoe College, Cranfield, UK Prof. Adel A. Kader Professor of Postharvest Prof. L. A. Wilson Professor of Crop Science, Physiology, Dept of Pomology, University of University of the West Indies, St Augustine, California, Davis, CA, USA Trinidad Mr Riidiger Kaske, formerly Senior Planning Officer, International Agricultural Research Division, GTZ, Eschborn, Germany Tropical Science publishes information about Advertising: enquiries should be directed to Whurr advances in science and technology and their Publishers Ltd. application in making better use of the tropical Submission of papers: intending contributors are environment and its products. Tropical Science is asked to consult the Guide for Authors on the inside international both in its sources of articles and its back cover of each issue. readership. 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Matural Resources brstitute Guide for suthorse Tropical Science aims to disseminate scientific, techno- authors names and the year of publication should be given logical and economic information of practical value to at the first mention, e.g. (Brown, Smith and Williams 1975), those concerned with the development of renewable natural but subsequently abbreviated (Brown ef al. 1975) unless resources in the Tropics and Sub-Tropics (and particularly there are more than two authors, when et al. should be used in developing countries). Formerly, its scope was restricted every time. The reference list should be at the end of the to the post-harvest sector of plant and animal production. paper. Now it extends into the pre-harvest and planning aspects of References should be arranged in alphabetical order agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry and fisheries so according to the first author and all authors’ surnames and that, renewable natural resources development activities initials should be included up to a max. of six authors. If can be reported as a whole or be examined from particular there are more than six authors use the first author’s details angles e.g. integrated operations, socio-economic effects, only plus ef al. The year of publication should follow; then environmental impact, etc. the title of the paper, report, book, conference etc. (as used The Editor will consider articles within the above scope in in the original, with the English language translation if the following categories: necessary); then the source of the publication. For papers, the journal title should be expressed in full, followed by the Research Papers covering original work which has good journal volume number and the issue number (if pagination potential for practical application. starts afresh in each issue) and the first and last page Reviews on specific topics of practical importance, not numbers of the article concerned. For books, please provide available elsewhere in up-to-date form. As well as covering the town of publication, then the publisher, the edition recent literature, these should reach conclusions about number (if not the first), and the total number of pages in gaps in knowledge and the need for further research and the book. development. Space limitations dictate conciseness. Development Reports describing the application of science, Examples: technology and economics in real life situations, particu- 1. Chang Y. S. and Smith J. B. (1973) Characterization of larly in developing countries, where there has been some peach pectin. Journal of Food Science 38, 646-648. novelty of approach and the findings may be of wider . Coursey D. G. (1967) Yams, pp. 172-178. London: interest and benefit. Accounts of multi-disciplinary develop- Longman. 230 pp. ment projects in the field are especially sought. . Adams J. M. and Schulten G. G. M. (1978) Losses Short Communications in which advances in knowledge or caused by insects, mites and microorganisms. In: Post- experience of practical significance are briefly announced. harvest Grain Loss Assessment Methods pp. 83-93 (Harris K. L. and Lindblad C. J. eds). New York: Two copies of the material for publication should be sent American Association of Cereal Chemists. 150 pp. to the Editor, Tropical Science, 26 Hurstleigh Drive, Redhill, Surrey RH! 2AA, United Kingdom. The author is Illustrations. 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Headings should be clearly presented in a should be returned immediately. Alterations in the text at descending sequence from the first to third level. Encircled this stage, other than essential corrections, may be charged numbers 1-3 should be penciled in the margin against each to the author, if considered excessive. heading to confirm the level. References within the text Twenty-five offprints of each paper will be supplied, free should be presented according to the Harvard sysem. All of charge, to the senior author. Tropical Science Volume 34, 1994 CONTENTS Number 1: Special issue on African Cassava Mosaic Germinivirus Editor’s note African cassava mosaic virus disease: an under-estimated and unsolved problem J. M. Thresh, L. D. C. Fishpool, G. W. Otim-Nape and D. Fargette Properties, relationships and distribution of cassava mosaic geminiviruses M. M. Swanson and B. D. Harrison Effects of African cassava mosaic geminivirus on the yield of cassava J. M. Thresh, D. Fargette and G. W. Otim-Nape The effects of African cassava mosaic geminivirus on the growth and yield of cassava in Uganda G. W. Otim-Nape, M. Shaw and J. M. Thresh Bemisia tabaci: the whitefly vector of African cassava mosaic geminivirus L. D. C. Fishpool and C. Burban Genetic polymorphism amongst Ugandan populations of Bemisia tabaci (Genna- dius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), vector of African cassava mosaic geminivirus J. P. Legg, R. W. Gibson and G. W. Otim-Nape Transmission of African cassava mosaic geminivirus by the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) J. Dubern The spread of African cassava mosaic geminivirus in coastal and western Kenya K. R. Bock Control of African cassava mosaic geminivirus by using virus-free planting material K. R. Bock Breeding for resistance to African cassava mosaic geminivirus in East Africa D. L. Jennings The epidemiology of African cassava mosaic geminivirus: reversion and the concept of equilibrium D. Fargette, J. M. Thresh and G. W. Otim-Nape Studies on cassava brown streak virus disease in Kenya K. R. Bock Sanitation techniques for cassava E. A. Frison Long-term absence of symptoms in heat-treated African cassava mosaic geminivirus-infected resistant cassava plants R. W. Gibson Number 2 159 NRIs second century 161 Changes in quality of fresh cassava tubers during storage Joseph B. George and Cecilia B. Browne Purification and characterization of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase from the liver of pearl spot (Etroplus suratensis) P. T. Mathew and K. Gopakumar Effects of slice thickness on the acceptability of fish crackers (“keropok’) S. Y. Yu Improvement of onion storage in the Sudan S. K. Musa, Y. M. Abdalla, E. Haimoura and Y. Sulieman Social issues in trypanosomiasis control J. Salmon and J. C. Barrett Production of fermented cassava starch (polvilho azedo) in Brazil A. Westby and M. P. Cereda Influence of site and fruit position on the pulp colour and texture of bananas P. A. Hughes and H. Wainwright Quantitative methods for assessing the severity of anthracnose on yam (Dioscorea alata) S. A. Simons and K. R. Green Clonal variations in the response of black tea quality parameters to time of the year in western Kenya highlands P. Okinda Owuor Behaviour of malate, isocitrate and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenases in germinating rice in relation to salt tolerance Sadhana Katiyar and R. S. Dubey RAFS Bookshelf Pest Management Bookshelf Number 3 249 Obituary: Philip Spensley 251 A multidisciplinary approach to needs assessment in agricultural extension: the Caribbean experience Joseph Seepersad Effects of boiling on the texture of cassava clones: a comparison of comparative strength, intercellular adhesion and physicochemical composition of the tuberous roots G. Eggleston and R. Asiedu Effect of home food processing methods on the nutritional value of plantains in Céte D'Ivoire Aboua Firmin Soil characteristics and their relation to fusarium wilt of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) S. K. Sugha, S. K. Kapoor and B. M. Singh Experimental studies on storage of paddy in different traditional structures B. K. Bala, M. A. Zaman, B. K. Biswas and A. R. Khondokar 297 Modelling water absorption characteristics of some Nigerian varieties of cowpea during soaking P. A. Sopade, E. S. Ajisegiri and G. N. Okonmah Trap cropping and its effect on yield and Orobanche crenata Forsk. infestation on following pea (Pisum sativum L.) crops H. Schnell, K.-H. Linke and J. Sauerborn Susceptibility of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (coleoptera: bostrichidae) and Tribo- lium castaneum (Herbst) (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) to cyanogens in dried cassava products P. Rajamma, J. A. McFarlane and N. H. Poulter DEVELOPMENT REPORT 321 The performance of a timber drying kiln fuelled by sawdust and a solar kiln R. C. Marder, A. P. Robinson and H. C. Coote REVIEW 335 Physiological deterioration in cassava: possibilities for control J. R. Beeching, A. D. Dodge, K. G. Moore, H. M. Phillips and J. E. Wenham Number 4 Effects of pasteurization and packaging on properties of wine from over-ripe mango (Mangifera indica) and banana (Musa acuminata) juices J. O. Akingbala, G. B. Oguntimein, B. A. Olunlade and J. O. Aina Mycoflora of developing sorghum grains with special reference to Aspergillus flavus C. M. Usha, K. L. Patkar, H. S. Shetty, R. Kennedy and J. Lacey Stability for grain yield of soybean varieties in the predominant soybean belt of India P. S. Bhatnagar, S. P. Tiwari and S. K. Kamra Effect of postharvest treatments on the storage life of avocado pear (Persea americana, Mill.) M. I. Nwufo, M. I. Okonkwo and J. C. Obiefuna The physicochemical properties of starch of some accessions of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius S. N. Moorthy, M. Unnikrishnan and K. R. Lakshmi Chemical evaluation of the effects of cooking on the nutritive value of conophor seed (Tetracarpidium conophorum) D. O. Edem, E. S. Ekwere and O. U. Eka Enzymic hydrolysis of proteins from Aristichthys nobilis by protease P ‘Amano’ 3 S. Y. Yu and S Fazidah Utilization of cow dung in processing Nile perch in Eastern Lake Victoria B. S. Msuku and J. F. Rodgers 391 Effect of temperature regime on the toxicity of endosulfan and deltamethrin to tsetse flies, Glossinia morsitans morsitans Sandra C. Smith, Edward G. Harris and Kate Wilson 401 The use of plant materials to control insect infestation of cured fish A. R. Ward and P. Golob 409 Amino acid and sugar profiles of insect infested and uninfested plain-dried versus parboiled cassava chips G. Padmaja, T. Premkumar, Vanessa Plumb, Zoe Bainbridge and J. F. Wood Volatiles as indicators of fungal growth on cereal grains D. R. Twiddy REVIEW 429 Genetic and varietal improvement in the technological qualities of rice T. Srinivas and M. K. Bhashyam 441 AUTHOR INDEX 443 SUBJECT INDEX