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Tropical Science AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMICS APPLIED TO RENEWABLE NATURAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT VOLUME 32 1992 ISSN 0041-3291 PUBLISHED BY WHURR PUBLISHERS LTD. Tropical Sciences Incorporating Tropical Stored Products Information EDITOR Mr Riidiger Kaske, formerly Senior Planning Officer, Dr P. C. Spensley Whurr Publishers Limited, International Agricultural Research Division, GTZ, 19b Compton Terrace, London NI 2UN Eschborn, Germany DEPUTY EDITOR Prof. R. A. Lawrie formerly Professor of Food Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Dr P. Prevett Bonington, Leics, UK INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL BOARD Mr J. A. McFarlane Grain Technology Dept, Natural Dr B. L. Amla Director, Central Food Technological Resources Institute, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK Research Institute, Mysore, India Prof. J. R. McWilliam Director, Australian Centre for Dr R. O. Arunga Director, Kenya Industrial Research International Agricultural Research, Canberra, and Development Institute, Nairobi, Kenya Australia Dr R. H. Booth Assistant Director General Mr A. M. Morgan Rees formerly Deputy Director, International Cooperation ), International Center Tropical Development and Research Institute, for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas London, UK ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria DrJ . Nabney Deputy Director, Natural Resources Dr Mary E. Carter Associate Administrator, Institute, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Professor P. O. Ngoddy Professor of Food Washington DC, USA Engineering and Processing, University of Nigeria, Dr E. Chalutz Head, Institute for Technology and Nsukka, Nigeria Storage of Agricultural Products, Agricultural Dr Mohamed A. Nour Regional Director, UN Research Organization, Israel Development Programme, New York, USA Dr R. D. Cooke, Deputy Director, Natural Resources Mr T. J. Perfect Deputy Director, Natural Resources Institute, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK Institute, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK DrJ . D. Geeson Head, Vegetable and Soft Fruit Dr R. O. Teixeria Neto General Director, Instituto de Storage Group, AFRC Institute of Food Research, Tecnologia de Alimentos, Campinas, Sado Paulo, Norwic h, UK Brazil Dr A. Huijsman, Coordinator, Royal Tropical Prof. A. K. Thompson Professor of Post-Harvest Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Technology, Silsoe College, Cranfield, UK Prof. Adel A. Kader Professor of Postharvest Prof. L. A. Wilson Professor of Crop Science, Physiology, Dept of Pomology, University of University of the West Indies, St Augustine, California, Davis, Ca., USA Trinidad Tropical Science publishes information about Advertising: enquiries should be directed to Whurr advances in science and technology and _ their Publishers Ltd application in making better use of the tropical Submission of papers: intending contributors are asked environment and its products. Tropical Science is to consult the Guide for Authors on the inside back international both in its sources of articles and its cover of each issue. readership. Tropical Science now incorporates Copyright: © 1992 NRI, Overseas Development Tropical Stored Products Information. Administration. All rights reserved. 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Guide for authors Tropical Science aims to disseminate scientific, techno- authors names and the year of publication should be given logical and economic information of practical value to at the first mention, e.g. (Brown, Smith and Williams 1975), those concerned with the development of renewable natural but subsequently abbreviated (Brown ef a/. 1975) unless resources in the Tropics and Sub-Tropics (and particularly there are more than three authors, when ef al. should be in developing countries). Formerly, its scope was restricted used every time. The reference list should be at the end of the to the post-harvest sector of plant and animal production. paper. Now it extends into the pre-harvest and planning aspects of References should be arranged in alphabetical order agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry and fisheries so according to the first author and all authors’ surnames and that, renewable natural resources development activities initials should be included up to a max. of six authors. If can be reported as a whole or be examined from particular there are more than six authors use the first author’s details angles e.g. integrated operations, socio-economic effects, only plus et a/. The year of publication should follow; then environmental impact, etc. the title of the paper, report, book, conference etc. (as used The Editor will consider articles within the above scope in in the original, with the English language translation if the following categories: necessary); then the source of the publication. 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(1973) Characterization of larly in developing countries, where there has been some peach pectin. Journal of Food Science 38, 646-648. novelty of approach and the findings may be of wider . Coursey D. G. (1967) Yams, pp. 172-178. London: interest and benefit. Accounts of multi-disciplinary develop- Longman. 230 pp. ment projects in the field are especially sought. . Adams J. M. and Schulten G. G. M. (1978) Losses Short Communications in which advances in knowledge or caused by insects, mites and microorganisms. In: experience of practical significance are briefly announced. Postharvest Grain Loss Assessment Methods pp. 83-93 (Harris K. L. and Lindblad C. J. eds). New York: Two copies of the material for publication should be sent American Association of Cereal Chemists. 150 pp. to the Editor, Tropical Science, Whurr Publishers Ltd., 19b Compton Terrace, London NI 2UN, United Kingdom. Illustrations. 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Tropical Science Volume 32, 1992 CONTENTS Number1 RESEARCH PAPERS Moisture removal during the cooling of heated barley A. K. Gupta and J. L. Woods A comparison of quality characteristics of Pakistan wheat with the existing FAQ specifications: a proposal for a new grading system M. Ahmed, S. Shahid Shaukat and A. Ahmed Nutritive value of cassava and maize in the diets of dairy calves E. M. Aregheore Economic appraisal of an improved yam storage barn N. O. A. Ezeh Storage potential of short-day onion cultivars: contribution of water loss, diseases and sprouting N. C. Rajapakse, C. R. Andersen and L. M. Pike Anthocyanins from fruits of agai (Euterpe oleracea, Mart) and jucgara (Euterpe edulis, Mart) M. laderoza, V. L. S. Baldini, I dos Santos Draetta and M. L. A. Bovi Studies on the comparative susceptibility of varieties of bambarra groundnuts to infestation by Callosobruchus maculatus G. N. Mbata A comparison of the nutrient requirements and growth of young Radiata pine and Caribbean pine on 5 New Zealand soils Tan Hunter, Ria Sandberg and Jean Prince A simple membrane filter technique for the enumeration of sulphur-reducing bacteria in soils and water samples S. A. Traore and V. A. Jacq REVIEW 71 Termites (/soptera): a pest or resource for small farmers in Africa? J. W. M. Logan SPECIAL REPORT 81 Client-oriented research M. J. Hebblethwaite SHORT COMMUNICATIONS 91 Comparative evaluation of four exotic ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) cultivars with the Nigerian land races P. A. Okwuowulu Evidence for a forest origin of Sumatra disease of cloves C. J. Lomer, S. J. Eden-Green, E. R. Boa and Supriadi 99 Susceptibility of stored yam tubers (Dioscorea spp.) to infestation by Araecerus fasciculatus Degeer J. K. U. Emehute and N. T. C. Echendu BOOKSHELF 105 Resource Assessment and Farming Systems Bookshelf Number2 RESEARCH PAPERS 109 Chemical evaluation of the nutritive value of the fruit of Sapium ellipticum (Hochst.) Pax E. I. Udoessien and E. T. Ifon Chemical evaluation of some antinutritional constituents in four species of yam E. I. Udoessien and E. T. Ifon Method of corm preparation for storage of taro Marcelo A. Quevedo and Arsenia D. Ramos The effect of moisture content on the physical properties of groundnut kernels S. Kaleemullah Comparative evaluation of meat quality of four exotic strains of broilers A. O. Aduku, P. A. Ijiand N. I. Dim Amino acid composition and aspects of protein quality in expeller meals for pig feeding P. J. Thorne, J. Wiseman, D. J. A. Cole and D. H. Machin The prospects for retort pouch technology in the Indian seafood industry K. Gopakumar, P. K. Vijayan, C. D. Wood and G. R. Ames Flight behaviour of the larger grain borer Prostephanus truncatus in response to synthetic pheromone G. Farrell and G. E. Key DEVELOPMENT REPORT 171 Conservation, sustainability and the Cross River National Park, Nigeria J.G. Bennett REVIEW 179 Bivalve aquaculture in warm tropical and subtropical waters with reference to sanitary water quality, monitoring and post-harvest disinfection M. A. Rice SHORT COMMUNICATIONS 203 Starch extraction from Xanthosoma sagittifolium F. E. Pereira Pacheco and M. R. Molina Medina 207 The response of Azolla pinnata var pinnata to organic and inorganic nutrients L. T. Narteh and J. W. Oteng 210 Minimizing the dextran problem in sugarcane juice S. K. Batta, K. P. Sharma, Jagdeep Singh and Rangil Singh BOOKSHELF 203 Pest Management Bookshelf Number3 RESEARCH PAPERS 2a7 Dry matter, acidity and ascorbic acid contents of edible wild fruits growing in Malawi J. D. Kalenga Saka, Jerome D. Msonthi and Eston Y. Sambo 223 Stored grain insects found in sorghum stored in the central production belt of Sudan and losses incurred Y. E. Seifelnasr Effects of processing variables on cassava fermentation for ‘fufu’ production O. B. Oyewole and S. A. Odunfa Small-scale processing of sweet potato in Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China A. D. Marter and W. H. Timmins Extraction of oil from oilseeds using the hot water flotation method K. H. Southwell and R. V. Harris Proximate composition of the seeds of Acacia nilotica var Adansonii (Bagaruwa) and extraction of its protein D. E. Terry, A. S. Agbaji and E. B. Agbaji Effect of cadmium, cobalt and nickel salts on the survivability of sclerotia and plant infection by Sc/erotium rolfsii causing root-rot disease of barley R. K. Singh, R. P. Shukla and R. S. Dwivedi Effects of soil solarization on the survival of Macrophomina phaseolina in fungicide: amended and unamended soils R. C. Dubey 281 Alternative methods for preparing paper-making pulps from wood E. R. Palmer 289 Development of fish biscuits from Round Scad (Decapterus russelli Rupp.) S. Y. Yuand R. Kaur DEVELOPMENT REPORT 295 Potential for an expert system on pest control in tropical grain stores J. A. F. Compton, P. S. Tyler, J. D. Mumford, G. A. Norton, T. H. Jones and P. S. Hindmarsh REVIEW 305 Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) pericarp browning S.J. R. Underhill SHORT COMMUNICATIONS 313 Effects of protein source on cassava peel utilization by growing sheep E. M. Aregheore 319 Estimation of canavanine in the seeds of three Canavalia species B. F. Rodrigues and S. G. Torne BOOKSHELF 321 Livestock and Fisheries Bookshelf Number4 NEWS 325 European partnership to benefit developing countries 326 Bag or Bulk? RESEARCH PAPERS 327 Growth, yield and fruit quality of citrus (C. sinensis [L.] Osbeck) on acid and calcareous soils S. Tang and G. Tian Establishment of plantain nurseries as a means of rapid multiplication of planting materials and their subsequent performance in the field G. K. Hotsonyame The banana stalk as a source of inoculum of fungal pathogens which cause crown rot A. R. Finlay, C. Lubin and A. E. Brown Chemical changes in cassava tubers (Manihot esculenta Crantz) during production of placali A. Firmin Response of soyabean (G/ycine max (L.) Merrill) to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer levels U. F. Chiezey, J. Y. Yaycock and J. A. Y. Shebayan Effect of time of harvest and variety on the quality of boiled green field maize (Zea mays Linn) O. J. Osanyintola, J. H. Mareck and J. O. Akingbala Fungitoxic evaluation of essential oils extracted from higher plants against some sugarcane pathogens G. P. Rao, M. Singh and H_ N. Singh Performance of perennial fodder grasses under continuous growth in tropical islands A. K. Sharma, J. C. Dagar and R. N. Pal 389 Development of surimi noodles S. Y. Yuand R. A. Rahman DEVELOPMENT REPORTS 397 A decision model for sponsors of crop protection in the western Sahel A. R. Kremer and C. Lock 421 Evaluation of constraints affecting the performance of extension agents in the Lagos State Agricultural Development Project in Nigeria C. C. Asiabaka and A. I. Bamsile BOOKSHELF 429 Postharvest Bookshelf 433 AUTHOR INDEX 435 SUBJECT INDEX