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ISBN 939017551-8 9 789390 175512 Tropical and Subtropical Vegetable Crops About the Authors Dr. Dipika Sahoo (b 1976) obtained B.Sc. (Ag.) and M.Sc. (Ag.) in Horticulture from Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar in 1998 and 2000 respectively, and Ph.D. from Utkal University, Bhubaneswar in 2012. She has qualified ICAR-NET two times in 2004 and 2006 in Vegetable Science. She has done PGDAEM from MANAGE, Hyderabad in 2011 and Diploma course in Agri-clinic & Agribusiness Centers, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Govt. of India in 2004. She started her carrier in the Water Technology Centre for the Eastern Region (now Indian Institute of Water Management), Bhubaneswar as Research Assistant in 2001 and as Research Associate in 2004.She joined Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology in 2006, and worked as Subject Matter Specialist (Horticulture) in KVKs andAssistant Professor (Horticulture) at College of Agriculture, Bhawanipatna and is presently working as Associate Professor (Vegetable Science) at College of Horticulture, Chiplima since 2015.She has been awarded for her contribution to teaching, research and extension in the field of Horticulture like Best Extension Scientist, Best Oral Paper Presentation Award, K C Das Memorial Award-2012, Rajiv Gandhi Excellence Award, Odisha Women’s Conclave 2015,etc. She has guided four M.Sc. (Ag) students and presently guiding two PhD students. She has been selected as External Examiner for Final Viva-Voice of M.Sc. (Ag) students of different Agriculture Universities and question setter for several State Level and National Level Competitive Examinations. She has published 32 research papers in national and international journals, and 25 abstracts in national and international conferences, seminars and symposiums. She has to her credit 4book chapters in the book “Vegetable Crop Science”edited by M. K. Rana CRC Press,Taylor and Francis Group, New York in 2018 along with 5 book chapters in different books of national repute, two practical manuals of OUAT along with several leaflets and popular articles for farmers of Odisha. She has also delivered several radio and television talks. Prof. Bhimasen Naik (b.1961) hails from an agri-horticultural family of Western Odisha (Village: Jamtalia, Tehsil: Sundargarh, District: Sundargarh). He obtained B.Sc. (Ag. & A.H.) and M.Sc. (Ag.) in Genetics and Plant Breeding from Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur in 1981 and 1983, respectively, and Ph.D. from Utkal University, Bhubaneswar in1999. He has been awarded ICAR Junior Research Fellowship and CSIR Senior Research Fellowship during his studies. He is a Fellow of the Indian Society of Genetics & Plant Breeding, New Delhi; and life member of the Crop Improvement Society of India, Ludhiana; the Indian Society of Plant Breeders, Coimbatore; the Society for Advancement of Rice Research, Hyderabad; the Indian Society of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad and the Society for Plant Biochemistry & Biotechnology, New Delhi. He has worked on breeding and genetics of ginger, turmeric, mungbean and linseed, and presently working on rice. He has 36 years of research and teaching experience, and is presently working as Professor of Plant Breeding and Genetics at Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station of the Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology at Chiplima, Sambalpur, Odisha. He has 52 research papers published in peer-reviewed national and international journals, 23 abstracts of symposia, one book chapter (Springer- Nature) and 20 popular articles to his credit. He has guided one M.Sc. (Ag.) and one Ph.D. student. He is associated in the development of five cultivars in ginger (Suruchi), turmeric (Surama, Ranga and Rashmi) and linseed (Arpita); collaborated in development of three cultivars in rice (Ashutosh, Gobinda and Hasanta) and registered one genetic stock of mungbean (BSN 1, INGR 00011). Tropical and Subtropical Vegetable Crops Dipika Sahoo Associate Professor of Vegetable Science Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology Chiplima Campus, Sambalpur-768 025, Odisha Bhimasen Naik Professor of Plant Breeding and Genetics Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology Chiplima Campus, Sambalpur-768 025, Odisha ® NEW INDIA PUBLISHING AGENCY New Delhi-110 034 ® NEW INDIA PUBLISHING AGENCY 101, Vikas Surya Plaza, CU Block, LSC Market Pitam Pura, New Delhi – 110 034, India Email: [email protected] Web: www.nipabooks.com For customer assistance, please contact Phone: + 91-11-27 34 17 17 Fax: + 91-11- 27 34 16 16 E-Mail: [email protected] © 2021, Publisher ISBN 978-9390175-51-2 E ISBN : 978-93-90512-82-9 All rights reserved. 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New Delhi “Errors, like straws, upon the surface flow; He who would search for pearls, must dive below.” —John Dryden (1631–1700): “All for Love” Prologue To Anshuman Debashis Abhipsa by Dipika Bhimasen Preface The Fifth Deans’ Committee of Indian Council of Agricultural Research has recently revised the syllabus of B.Sc. (Hons) Horticulture which is uniform throughout the country. The course ‘Tropical and Subtropical Vegetable Crops’ is taught in the second semester. The present textbook covers the entire syllabus in two parts. Part-I deals with General Considerations and Part-II with Production Technology. The Part-I has two chapters and the Part-II is spread over six sections covering production technology of 33 crops. Simple and lucid language has been followed for easy understanding of the beginners. The information contained in the book has been gathered from various published sources and internet websites which are mentioned at the end of the book under bibliography. Attempts have been made to provide latest information; still some valuable information might have been missed. Questions are set at the end of each chapter to assess the understanding of the students. We have tried our best to remove the errors, typographical or otherwise, from the text; still there might be some. We would highly appreciate if it is brought to our notice for rectification in next edition. We cherish the encouragement and cooperation received from our family members during preparation of the manuscript. We congratulate M/S New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi for their support and publishing in a short time. Though the book is primarily written for B.Sc. (Hons) Horticulture students, the counterparts of B.Sc. (Hons) Agriculture also may be benefitted. It may serve as a help book for post-graduate students. We seek suggestions from learned teachers and students for further improvement of the book. Chiplima Authors