Trichinella and Trichinosis PDF
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Trichinella and Trichinosis Trichinella spiralis Posterior end of male worm (T. spiralis nativa) by scanning electron microscopy. Courtesy of Drs. ]. R. Lichtenfels and K. D. Murrell, U. S. Department of Agriculture. Trichinella and Trichinosis Edited by William C. Campbell Merck Institutefor Therapeutic Research Rahway, New Jersey Plenum Press. New York and London Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Trichinella and trichinosis. Bibliographv: p. Includes index. 1. Trichinosis. 2. Trichinella spiralis. 1. Campbell, William C. (William Cecil), 1930- . [DNL:vl: 1. Trichinella. 2. Trichinosis. WC 855 T8225] RCI86.T815T7:l 1983 616.9'654 83-2390 ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-3580-1 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-3578-8 DOT: 10.1007/978-1-4613-3578-8 © 1983 Plenum Press. New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1983 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York. N. Y. 10013 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording. or otherwise. without written permission from the Publisher DEDICATED To Dr. J. Desmond Smyth, who kindled a parasitological fire; to Dr. Arlie C. Todd, who fanned the flames; to Dr. Ashton C. Cuckler, chemotherapist par excellence, who suggested testing a drug against Trichinella and thereby induced an addiction to the affairs of that worm; to the late Dr. S. Emanuel Gould and Dr. Zbigniew Kozar, whose en couragement kept the addiction from waning; to S.J.C. and the late R.J .C., who made it all possible; and to Mary, Jenifer, Peter, and Betsy, who make it all worthwhile. Contributors Lyndia Slayton Blair Merck Institute for Therapeutic Research Rahway, New Jersey 07065 Graham A. Bullick Department of Physiology and Cell Biology University of Texas Medical School at Houston Houston, Texas 77025 William C. Campbell Merck Institute for Therapeutic Research Rahway, New Jersey 07065 Gilbert A. Castro Department of Physiology and Cell Biology University of Texas Medical School at Houston Houston, Texas 77025 David A. Denham London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London WCIE 7HT, England Dickson D. Despommier Division of Tropical Medicine School of Public Health Columbia University New York, New York 10032 Terry A. Dick Department of Zoology University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2 vii VIII CONTRIBUTORS Anneke Elgersma Rijks Instituut Voor de Volksgezondheid 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands Charles W. Kim State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook, Long Island, New York I1794 Jack C. Leighty Dunkirk, Maryland 20754 Inger Ljungstrom Department of Parasitology National Bacteriological Laboratory S-I052I Stockholm, Sweden Zbigniew S. Pawlowski Clinic of Parasitic and Tropical Diseases Medical Academy of Poznan Poznan, Poland and Parasitic Diseases Programme Wo rid Health Organization Geneva 27, Switzerland E.Joost Ruitenberg Rijks Instituut Voor de Volksgezondheid 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands David S. Silberstein Department of Microbiology Columbia University New York, New York 10032 George L. Stewart Laboratory of Parasitology Department of Biology University of Texas Arlington, Texas 76019 Frans van Knapen Rijks Instituut Voor de Volksgezondheid 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands Derek Wakelin Department of Zoology University of Nottingham Nottingham, England CONTRIB UTORS IX Norman F. Weatherly Department oj Parasitology and Laboratory Practice School oj Public Health University oj North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514 William J. Zimmermann Veterinary Medical Research Institute Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 50011 Preface I have cured the Empress of Boolampoo of a Cramp she got in her tongue by eating Pork and buttered parsnips .... The Earl of Rochester-17th Century As the modern outpouring of biological information continues at ever increasing pace, two kinds of reviews are needed to keep the torrent in manageable form. The one assumes a working knowledge of the field in question and tries to bring the reader up to date by reporting and assessing the recent developments. The other attempts to assimilate the recent developments into a coherent restatement of the whole subject. This book falls in the latter category. Trichinella spiralis infection has been in the medical and biological limelight for more than a century, and interest in it continues una bated-as evidenced by what Norman Stoll called the "perennially exuberant" research on trichinosis. The infection seems to offer some thing for almost everyone. For the physician, it offers a patient with painful and sometimes fatal disease; for the public-health official, a threat to the commonweal; for the experimental biologist, a life cycle that is unique yet easily and rapidly maintained in the laboratory; for the field ecologist, a symbiont with an affinity for an extraordinary range of wildlife species; for the pork producer, a poorer profit; for the cook, a culinary constraint; and for the diner, a dietary danger. Yet, despite this breadth of interest, and the cascade of new data, the only comprehensive books on the subject in English are those of S.E. Gould, published in 1945 and 1970. Although his work on trichinosis Xl PREFACE XII was virtually an avocation, Dr. Gould's passion for the subject enabled him to produce landmark treatises. His 1970 volume, Trichinosis in Man and Animals, with contributions from many authors, remains a treasure house of information. But the past dozen years have brought major new findings in all aspects of trichinosis, and it is time for another stock-taking. This volume offers a fresh synthesis of old and new information, and it is hoped that the work will serve as a succinct yet comprehensive source of information on Trichinella as parasite and pathogen. The use of the term trichinosis, rather than trichinellosis, will dismay some readers. Adoption of trichinellosis would have been baffling to others. It can be argued that as Trichinella was gradually becoming accepted as the correct name for the nematode genus Trichina, so trichinosis should have become superseded by trichinellosis. But trichinosis had already spread from the technical language to the vernacular, and, as in the case of malaria and coccidiosis, a new lexicon was not needed to clarify what was already perfectly clear to the scientist and layman alike. (In 1911, Ambrose Bierce's The Devil's Dictionary contained the entry: Trichinosis, n. The pig's reply to proponents of porcophagy.) We have two defensible words for disease caused by Trichinella, and with some misgiving we have chosen to stick with the one that is shorter and more venerable. W.c.c.
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