Tribology for energy conservation: proceedings of the 24th Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology, held in the Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine, London, UK, 4th-6th September 1997 PDF
Preview Tribology for energy conservation: proceedings of the 24th Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology, held in the Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine, London, UK, 4th-6th September 1997
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"' . . ,.~ , : ',, .-~,l .- ,. ,.'+. •.~ j~.,-4,t~~ ,I+,.:§~., : + +.+: .."+.+ .+++:+.~"+.. : +. + r,.: "_+! ."~ m ~ - + ~ , . :~.-++~ • .~. ~ : ' ~ l[~,: ' i ~:- ".::.,+~.;~ : . : ::,.7-- .." : , ? ' ~ ,';." . ~ . , ,.7. • ; . ': " ":~" . . . . : ' ~ TRIBOLOGY SERIES, 34 EDITOR: D. DOWSON TRIBOLOGY FOR ENERGY C O N S E RVATIO N edited by D. DOWSON*, C.M. TAYLOR, T.H.C. CHILDS; G. DALMAZ, Y. BERTHIER, L. FLAMAND, J.-M. GEORGES, A.A. LUBRECHT * Principal Editor Proceedings of the 24th Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology held in the Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK 4th - 6th September, 1997 ELSEVIER Amsterdam • Lausanne • New York • Oxford • Shannon • Singapore • Tokyo 1998 For the Institute of Tribology, The University of Leeds and Institut National des Sciences Appliquees de Lyon ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. Sara Burgerhartstraat 25 P.O. Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands Libary of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A Catalog record from the Library of Congress has been applied for. ISBN 0 444 50033 2 (Vol. 34) ISBN 0 444 41677 3 (Series) © 1998 ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Elsevier Science B.V., Copyright & Permissions Department, P.O. Box 521, 1000 AM Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Special regulations for readers in the U.S.A.- This publication has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. Information can be obtained from the CCC about conditions under which photocopies of parts of this publi- cation may be made in the U.S.A. All other copyright questions, including photocopying outside of the U.S.A., should be referred to the copyright owner, Elsevier Science B.V., unless otherwise specified. No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or pro- perty as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. E~The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). Transl~rred to digital prhating 2006 Introduction The 24th Leeds-Lyon Symposium was held in London from 4th-6th September 1997, where it was hosted by the Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine. This is the first occasion on which the meeting has been held neither in Leeds nor Lyon and the change in venue was brought about by a potential clash of dates with the 1st World Tribology Congress. The latter meeting took place from the 8th-12th September and by moving the venue of the Leeds-Lyon Symposium also to London, it was hoped to minimise the wear, fatigue and stress of delegates who wished to attend both conferences. The Institute of Tribology at the University of Leeds and the Laboratoire de Mecanique des Contacts of the Institut National des Sciences Appliqures de Lyon are most grateful to Professors Hugh Spikes and Professor Brian Briscoe, who head the Tribology Groups at Imperial College, for agreeing to have the meeting in London. The Symposium was, by necessity, shorter than usual. The meeting addressed the topic of "Tribology for Energy Conservation" and attracted a wide range of stimulating papers and speakers. Some 150 delegates from nineteen countries attended and about sixty papers were presented in fifteen sessions. On the night of Thursday 4th September the Symposium was formally opened with a Keynote Address presented by Professor Roland Clift, OBE, who spoke to the title "The Role of Tribology in Life Cycle Design". This stimulating address was followed by an informal reception welcoming everybody to Imperial College. At this reception Professor Hugh Spikes graciously acknowledged the tremendous contribution of Professor Alastair Cameron to tribology research at Imperial College and the delegates were delighted to add their warm support and congratulations to Alastair. The sessions of the Symposium covered the topics of Lubricants, Wear, Friction Reduction, Hydrodynamics, Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication, Surface Roughness, Manufacturing, Component Life (including Condition Monitoring), and Automotive aspects. The delegates were particularly pleased to enjoy six invited lecture presentations by Professor Wilfrid Bartz, Dr Stefan Korcek, Professor Hugh Spikes, Dr Peter Dearnley, Mr Mervyn Jones and Professor John Beynon. Once again we are delighted to record our thanks to the many colleagues who acted in the role of Chairman or Chairwoman for the Symposium, and their names are recorded in this Volume. On the evening of the 5th September, the Symposium Dinner was held at the Royal Garden Hotel in Kensington. This excellent occasion was graced by an after dinner speech by Professor Sir Hugh Ford, formerly of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Imperial College, and we are pleased to acknowledge the support of the following in association with both the Dinner and the Symposium as a whole: vi DePuy International Ltd, Elsevier Science Publishers BV, Kyodo Yushi, Industrial Lubrication and Tribology (MCB University Press), PCS Instruments, Shell Research Limited, SKF Engineering & Research Centre BV and Unilever PLC (Research Engineering, Divisions Appeals Committee). The final day of the Symposium, Saturday 6th September, coincided with the funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, and the cortege, after leaving Kensington Palace, passed close by Imperial College. The delegates listened to a short address from Professor Duncan Dowson in memory of Diana, and stood in appropriate silence. We are sincerely grateful to all who have helped in the detailed planning and execution of the Symposium. On this occasion it is our colleagues at Imperial College who have to be particularly recognised and in addition to Hugh Spikes and Brian Briscoe we would like to offer our thanks to Chrissy Stevens, Joyce Burberry, and the Tribology Research students of Imperial College. Sheila Moore and Cath Goulborn from Leeds, as ever, provided valient support. However, it is to Dr Philippa Cann that we owe the greatest acknowledgement for her detailed and careful planning of the Symposium and her generous support of the delegates in all their needs. The Editors would once again like to acknowledge the role of the international referees who reviewed the papers appearing in this Volume of Proceedings and also to record their thanks to the Publishers who have continued to provide proceedings with a high quality of presentation. The Leeds-Lyon series of tribology meetings has now covered an extensive range of topics as indicated below. 1. 'Cavitation and Related Phenomena in Lubrication' Leeds 1974 2. 'Superlaminar Flow in Beatings' Lyon 1975 3. 'The Wear of Non-Metallic Materials' Leeds 1976 4. 'Surface Roughness Effects in Lubrication' Lyon 1977 5. 'Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication and Related Topics' Leeds 1978 6. 'Thermal Effects in Tribology' Lyon 1979 7. 'Friction and Traction' Leeds 1980 8. 'The Running-In Process in Tribology' Lyon 1981 9. 'The Tribology of Reciprocating Engines' Leeds 1982 10. 2qumericala nd Experimental Methods Applied to Tribology' Lyon 1983 11. ~/lixedL ubrication and Lubricated Wear' Leeds 1984 12. 'Global Studies of Mechanisms and Local Analyses of Surface Distress Phenomena' Lyon 1985 vii 13. 'Fluid Film Lubrication - Osborne Reynolds Centenary' Leeds 1986 14. 'Interface Dynamics' Lyon 1987 15. 'Tribological Design of Machine Elements' Leeds 1988 16. 'Mechanics of Coatings' Lyon 1989 17. 'Vehicle Tribology' Leeds 1990 18. 'Wear Particles : From the Cradle to the Grave' Lyon 1991 19. 'Thin Films in Tribology' Leeds 1992 20. 'Dissipative Processes in Tribology' Lyon 1993 21. 'Lubricants and Lub I .°~ cat°~ on! Leeds 1994 22. 'The Third Body Concept: Interpretation of Tribological Phenomena' Lyon 1995 23 . 'Elastohydrodynamics - '96' Leeds 1996 24. 'Tribology for Energy Conservation' London 1997 We are looking forward to the next Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology, which on this occasion will be held in Lyon. The meeting will address the topic "Lubrication at the Frontier • The role of the interface and surface layers in the thin film and boundary regime" and will be held from 8th - 1 l th September, 1998. We look forward to giving a warm welcome both to old friends and to new delegates to the meeting. This Page Intentionally Left Blank ix CONTENTS INTRODUCTION SESSION I Keynote Address A Role for Tribology in Life Cycle Design R. CLIFT SESSION II Invited Lectures 11 Fuel Economy Improvement by Engine and Gear Oils 13 W.J. BARTZ Engine Oil Fuel Efficiency - Practical Issues 25 S. KORCEK Some Challenges to Tribology Posed by Energy Efficient Technology 35 H.A. SPIKES SESSION III Lubricants (1) 49 Nano-rheology of Polyisoprene Solutions Confined Between Two Solid Surfaces 51 J.-.M. GEORGES, S. MILLOT, A. TONCK, R.C. COY, A.G. SCHLIJPER and B.P. WlLLIAMSON Boundary Conditions in Fractionated Lubication 63 M.-H. MEURISSE Thermal Degradation of Greases and the Effect on Lubrication Performance 75 S. HURLEY, P.M. CANN and H.A. SPIKES SESSION IV Wear 85 Wear Due to Debris Particles in Rolling Bearing Contacts 87 R.W. HAMILTON, R.S. SAYLES and E. IOANNIDES Wear Behaviour of Synchronisers in Relation to a Duty Parameter 95 T. LOSCHE, E.G. PALAND and G. POLL Preliminary Study of the Tribological Performance of Surface Coatings Under Different Slide-to Roll Ratios and Lubricated Condition 103 C.W. CHAN, L.K.Y. LI, J.H.W. SIU and G.T.Y. WAN
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