Triangular Diplomacy among the United States, the European Union, and the Russian Federation: Responses to the Crisis in Ukraine

241 Pages·2018·2.39 MB·English

by  Vicki L. Birchfield

Edited by
Vicki L. Birchfield and Alasdair R. Young
TRIANGULAR DIPLOMACY AMONG THE
UNITED STATES, THE EUROPEAN UNION,
AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
RESPONSES TO THE CRISIS IN UKRAINE
Triangular Diplomacy among the United States,
the European Union, and the Russian Federation
Vicki L. Birchfield
Alasdair R. Young
Editors
Triangular Diplomacy
among the United
States, the European
Union, and the
Russian Federation
Responses to the Crisis in Ukraine
Editors
Vicki L. Birchfield Alasdair R. Young
Sam Nunn School of International Sam Nunn School of International
Affairs Affairs
Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, GA, USA Atlanta, GA, USA
ISBN 978-3-319-63434-0 ISBN 978-3-319-63435-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-63435-7
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017952173
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A
cknowledgments
This volume grew out of a Jean Monnet workshop organized by the
Center for European and Transatlantic Studies at the Georgia Institute of
Technology on May 1–2, 2015. The workshop was supported under the
European Union’s Erasmus+ Program (Jean Monnet Center of Excellence
2014–1842). The contributions to this volume reflect the views only of
the authors, and the European Commission cannot be held responsible
for any use which may be made of the information contained herein.
Some of the participants in that workshop did not end up contributing
to the volume—Dina Khapaeva, Nikolay Kopsov, Jeff Mankoff, and
Richard Whitman—but their insights and comments contributed greatly
to the volume. We are grateful to Aarij Abbas, Simeon Bruce, Joshua
Jacobs, Zoe Larrier, Allison Stanford, and Daniel Yoon for their research
and editorial assistance. We would also like to thank Marilu Suarez for
providing excellent logistical support for the workshop and the Sam Nunn
School of International Affairs at Georgia Tech for funding some of our
research assistants. We are grateful to Scott Brown, Richard Whitman, the
Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics series editors, and an anony-
mous reviewer for their comments on the manuscript. We also owe a debt
of gratitude to Palgrave’s Politics editorial team—Ambra Finotello and
Imogen Gordon Clark—for their support and encouragement. All short-
comings remain our own.
Sam Nunn School of International Affairs, Vicki L. Birchfield
Georgia Institute of Technology, GA, USA Alasdair R. Young
v
c
ontents
1 Introducing Triangular Diplomacy 1
Alasdair R. Young and Vicki L. Birchfield
2 Empirical Scene Setting: The Contours
of the Crisis and Response 21
Alasdair R. Young and Vicki L. Birchfield
3 Outsourced Diplomacy: The Obama
Administration and the Ukraine Crisis 55
Deborah Welch Larson
4 ‘Crowdfunded Diplomacy’? The EU’s
Role in the Triangular Diplomacy Over
the Ukraine Crisis 77
Hiski Haukkala
5 Democracy and Progressive Modernity
in Constructions of Community: Europe,
the United States, and the Russian ‘Other’ 95
Grainne Hutton, Sara Morrell, and Jarrod Hayes
vii
viii CONTENTS
6 Russia Plays the (Triangular) Sanctions Game 119
Christopher Patane and Cooper Drury
7 Ukraine and Triangular Diplomacy: Kyiv’s
Legitimacy Dilemmas in the Midst of the Crisis 143
Valentina Feklyunina and Valentyna Romanova
8 Whose International Law? Legal Clashes
in the Ukrainian Crisis 169
Mikulas Fabry
9 Triangular Diplomacy and Europe’s Changing
Gas Network: From “Trying- Angles” to Stable
Marriage 189
Adam N. Stulberg
10 Conclusions: Comparison and Triangulation 217
Vicki L. Birchfield and Alasdair R. Young
Index 227
A
bbreviAtions
BBC British Broadcasting Corporation
CE Council of Europe
CFSP Common Foreign and Security Policy
CIA Central Intelligence Agency
CIS Commonwealth of Independent States
CSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe
CSDP Common Security and Defence Policy
DCFTA Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area
ECU Eurasian Customs Union
EEAS European External Action Service
EEU Eurasian Economic Union
EPP Eastern Partnership Program
EU European Union
EUAM European Union Advisory Mission for Civilian Security
Sector Reform Ukraine
G7 Group of Seven
GDP Gross Domestic Product
IMF International Monetary Fund
KIIS Kyiv International Institute of Sociology
MH17 Malaysian Airlines Flight 17
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NFIUs NATO Force Integration Units
NRF NATO Response Force
ix
x ABBREVIATIONS
OHCHR Office of the United Nations Commissioner for Human
Rights
OSCE Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
PCA Partnership and Cooperation Agreement
START Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
UK United Kingdom
UN SC United Nations Security Council
UN United Nations
UNGA UN General Assembly
US United States
VEB Volkseigener Betrieb
VJTF Very High Readiness Joint Task Force
WTO World Trade Organization
l f
ist of igures
Fig. 1.1 Triangular diplomacy in the Ukraine crisis 8
Fig. 2.1 Spectrum of EU member states’ attitudes toward Russia 30
Fig. 6.1 Changes in Monthly Public Approval since the Onset
of Sanctions 133
xi