Trends in the Transport Sector, 1970-1997: 1999 Edition.

71 Pages·1999·0.511 MB·English

by  OECD

TRENDS T
R
IN THE
O
TRANSPORT SECTOR
P
S
N
How has the situation in the transport A
sector – passenger and freight transport – R
TRENDS
changed? What about road safety? This T
publication gives the latest statistics on the
F
situation of the transport market in Europe O IN THE
and presents charts which help show what

changes have occurred between 1970 S TRANSPORT SECTOR
R
and 1997.
E
T
Because it is published earlier than any
S
other comparable study, this book provides
I
the reader with first-hand figures about N
transport trends. It presents an analysis of the I
M
transport situation in western and eastern

European countries, as well as the Baltic F
States and the CIS. O

E
C
N
E
R
E
F
N
O
C

N
A
1970-1997
E
P
O
9:HSTCSC=VVWYXY: R
U
(75 1999 03 1 P) FF 60 E
ISBN 92-821-1243-8
European Conference
of Ministers of Transport
TRENDS
IN THE
TRANSPORT
SECTOR
1970-1997

EUROPEAN CONFERENCE OF MINISTERS
OF TRANSPORT (ECMT)
The European Conference of Ministers of Transport
(ECMT) is an inter-governmental organisation established
by a Protocol signed in Brussels on 17 October 1953. It is
a forum in which Ministers responsible for transport, and
more specifically the inland transport sector, can co-operate on
policy. Within this forum, Ministers can openly discuss current
problems and agree upon joint approaches aimed at improving
the utilisation and at ensuring the rational development of
European transport systems of international importance.
At present, the ECMT’s role primarily consists of:
– helping to create an integrated transport system
throughout the enlarged Europe that is economically
and technically efficient, meets the highest possible
safety and environmental standards and takes full
account of the social dimension;
– helping also to build a bridge between the European
Union and the rest of the continent at a political level.
The Council of the Conference comprises the Ministers of
Transport of 39 full Member countries: Albania, Austria,
Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
(F.Y.R.O.M.), Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, the Russian
Federation, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine and the United Kingdom. There
are five Associate member countries (Australia, Canada, Japan,
New Zealand and the United States) and three Observer
countries (Armenia, Liechtenstein and Morocco).
A Committee of Deputies, composed of senior civil
servants representing Ministers, prepares proposals for
consideration by the Council of Ministers. The Committee is
assisted by working groups, each of which has a specific
mandate.
The issues currently being studied – on which policy
decisions by Ministers will be required – include the
development and implementation of a pan-European transport
policy; the integration of Central and Eastern European
Countries into the European transport market; specific issues
relating to transport by rail, road and waterway; combined
transport; transport and the environment; the social costs of 3
transport; trends in international transport and infrastructure
needs; transport for people with mobility handicaps; road
safety; traffic management; road traffic information and new
communications technologies.
Statistical analyses of trends in traffic and investment are
published yearly by the ECMT and provide a clear indication
of the situation in the transport sector in different European
countries.
As part of its research activities, the ECMT holds regular
Symposia, Seminars and Round Tables on transport economics
issues. Their conclusions are considered by the competent
organs of the Conference under the authority of the Committee
of Deputies and serve as a basis for formulating proposals for
policy decisions to be submitted to Ministers.
The ECMT’s Documentation Service is one of the
world’s leading centres for transport sector data collection. It
maintains the TRANSDOC database, which is available on
CD-ROM and accessible via the telecommunications network.
For administrative purposes the ECMT’s Secretariat is
attached to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD).
Publie´ en franc¸ais sous le titre :
E´VOLUTION DES TRANSPORTS 1970-1997
Further information about the ECMT is available on Internet at
the following address:
http://www.oecd.org/cem/
(cid:211) ECMT 1999 – ECMT Publications are distributed by:
OECD Publications Service,
4 2, rue Andre´-Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction ...........................................................................7
Trends in the transport sector
in Western European Countries..........................................9
Freight transport...........................................................13
Passenger transport......................................................23
Road accidents..............................................................24
Trends in the transport sector
in ECMT countries in transition.........................................27
General situation ..........................................................28
Freight transport...........................................................36
Passenger transport......................................................46
Road accidents..............................................................49
LIST OF CHARTS
Passenger and freight transport trends............................11
Freight transport trends.....................................................13
Rail container transport......................................................15
Short-sea shipping..............................................................21
Passenger transport trends................................................23
Road safety trends..............................................................25
Freight transport trends in Eastern Europe
and the Baltic States.......................................................36
Freight transport trends in CIS countries.........................38
Rail container transport in Eastern Europe
and the Baltic States.......................................................40
Sea container transport in Eastern Europe
and the Baltic States.......................................................44
Passenger transport trends in Eastern Europe
and the Baltic States.......................................................46
Passenger transport trends in CIS countries....................47
Road safety trends in Eastern Europe
and the Baltic States.......................................................50
5
LIST OF TABLES
A.Freight transport............................................................55
A1 Rail..............................................................................55
A2 Roads..........................................................................56
A3 Inland waterways......................................................57
A4 Pipelines....................................................................58
A5 Total freight (A1 + A2 + A3 + A4).............................59
B.Passenger transport......................................................61
B1 Rail..............................................................................61
B2 Private cars................................................................62
B3 Buses and coaches...................................................63
B4 Total road transport (B2 + B3).................................64
B5 Total passengers (B1 + B4)......................................65
C.Road accidents...............................................................67
C1 Number of accidents................................................67
C2 Casualties (killed + injured)....................................68
C3 Killed..........................................................................69
6
TRENDS IN THE TRANSPORT
SECTOR
1970-1997
INTRODUCTION
1. The main aim of this publication is to describe developments
in the transport sector in Europe in␣1997 and to show, primarily
by means of charts, how the situation has changed since 1970.
2. The analysis of recent trends in the European transport sec-
tor is based on data supplied by 37␣ECMT Member countries1 in
the form of statistics expressed in passenger and tonne-kilometres.
To ensure that the overall trends are representative of as many
countries as possible, the indices used in several of the charts
include estimates for countries which do not as yet have figures
available for 1997.
3. The report has been divided into two parts. The first part describes
the situation in the transport sector of countries which have well-
established market economies and which are long-standing mem-
bers of the ECMT. These are the 15 Member States of the EU together
with Norway, Switzerland and Turkey. To simplify matters, these coun-
tries are referred to hereinafter as “Western European countries”.
The second part describes recent trends in 19 “transition countries”
and for the first time includes information on Albania, Azerbaijan,
the Russian Federation and Ukraine. Given that the transport systems
of these countries are highly distinctive and are currently undergoing
radical change, it was decided to compile aggregate indicators: one
set for the 11 Central and Eastern European Countries and 3␣Baltic
1.Albania (AL), Austria (A), Azerbaijan (AZ), Belarus (BY), Belgium (B), Bosnia␣Herzegovina␣(BIH),
Bulgaria (BG), Croatia (HR), the Czech Republic (CZ), Denmark (DK), Estonia (EST),
Finland (FIN), the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (MK), France (F), Germany␣(D),
Greece (GR), Hungary (H), Ireland (IRL), Italy (I), Latvia (LV), Lithuania (LT),
Luxembourg␣(L), Moldova (MD), the Netherlands␣(NL), Norway (N), Poland (PL),
Portugal (P), Romania (RO), the Russian Federation (RUS), the Slovak Republic (SK),
Slovenia (SLO), Spain (E), Sweden (S), Switzerland (CH), Turkey (TR), Ukraine (UA) and
the United Kingdom (UK). Georgia, which has been a member of the ECMT since 1997,
was unable to supply data. Iceland, which joined the ECMT in 1998, does not fall within
the scope of this study. 7
States (ECMT/CEECs), and a second set for the 5 members of the
Commonwealth of Independent States (ECMT/CIS).
4. Data for the former Czechoslovakia (CS) have been taken into
account up to 1992 to ensure a degree of continuity in the series
over a lengthy period of time; from 1993 onwards the data pro-
vided by the Czech and Slovak Republics have been used. Fur-
thermore, German reunification produced a break in the series
due to the incorporation, from 1991 onwards, of data relating to
the new Länder, resulting in a similar increase in the results for the
ECMT as a whole.
8
TRENDS IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR
IN WESTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
5. The rate of growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Western
economies (Western Europe and North America) in 1997 was the
highest reported since 1989 and more than offset the worrying
economic trend in the economic situation in Eastern Asia. This
encouraging result was largely attributable to the strength of the
US economy, where strong domestic demand, driven by house-
hold consumption and fixed investment, led to 3.8␣per␣cent growth
in GDP, a growth rate that had not been seen in the United States
since 1988.
The somewhat hesitant recovery observed in Western Europe
since 1994 accelerated significantly in 1997, with growth remain-
ing buoyant in countries already well into an expansionary phase
and gaining strength in those at the start of their cycle. Average
growth in GDP in Western European countries in real terms
amounted to around 2.7␣per␣cent, markedly higher than the pre-
vious year (+1.9%).
Although the rate of growth in the economy of Western Europe
as a whole increased, there were nonetheless some fairly marked
differences between individual countries that were clearly at dif-
ferent stages in their economic cycle. Among the major industrial
countries, the United Kingdom continued to enjoy strong economic
growth and the economic climate also began to improve in Germany,
France and Italy, whose economies had been flat over the past few
years. This trend led to a more balanced form of growth among the
larger economies, although once again one of the general features
of the growth in economic activity in Western Europe in 1997 was
the remarkable performance of some of the smaller economies. This
trend, which in several countries has remained unbroken since the
recession of 1993, was particularly marked in 1997 in the Netherlands
(+3.3%), Denmark (+3.3%), Norway (+3.5%), Finland (+5.9%), and most
of all Ireland (+10.6%) whose economy has grown by over 40␣per␣cent
over the past four years. Turkey, whose economy is more volatile,
again enjoyed strong growth in GDP (+6.3%). The Spanish and
Portuguese economies also recovered, while Switzerland finally
emerged from a fairly lengthy period of economic stagnation, even
though growth in GDP (+0.7%) still remains the lowest in the Western
European area. 9