Trends in Colloid and Interface Science VIII

332 Pages·1994·6.37 MB·English

by  R. H. Ottewill, B. A. Noskov, D. O. Grigoriev (auth.), A. R. Rennie (eds.)

Progress in Colloid & Polymer Science, Vol. 97 (1994)
PROGRESS IN COLLOID & POLYMER SCIENCE
Editors: E Kremer (Leipzig) and G. Lagaly (Kiel)
Volume 97 (1994)
Trends in Colloid
and Interface
Science VIII
Guest Editors:
R. H. Ottewill (Bristol) and
A. R. Rennie (Cambridge)
STEINKOPFF DARMSTADT
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Trends in colloid anti int~rla~ science.
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8 (1994)
(Progress in colloid & polymer science ; Vol. 97)
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The VII Conference of the European Colloid and Interface Society (ECIS)
was held at the School of Chemistry of the University of Bristol, England, from
the 12th-16th September 1993. The Scientific Sessions were opened by the Pres-
ident, Professor Dominic Langevin and Plenary Lectures on the main themes of
the Conference were given by H. WennerstrOm (Lund), H. N. W. Lekkerkerker
(Utrecht), H. Hoffmann (Bayreuth), P. Botherel (Pessac), E Candau (Stras-
bourg) and M. N. Jones (Manchester). In all, 35 papers were presented orally
and 102 posters were displayed during the 4 days of the meeting. Lively discus-
sions took place during the sessions and around the posters. Our thanks go to all
of those who contributed to the cordial scientific atmosphere of the meeting. 159
people attended the meeting from 20 different countries including, from outside
Europe, participants from Canada, Russia and Taiwan.
The members of the Scientific Committee for the meeting were: E Candau,
M. Corti, H. E Eicke, H. Hoffmann, K. Holmberg, P. Laggner, A. R. Rennie
and C. Solans, with R. H. Ottewill acting as Chairman and Th. E Tadros as Co-
Chairman.
Generous donations, which helped to finance the meeting were made by
Academic Press Limited, Brookhaven Instruments, Camtel Services, Malvern
Instruments Limited, J. Wiley and Sons Limited, University of Bristol and
Zeneca PLC. Out warmest thanks to these organisations, as well as to a number
of people who helped with the day to day organisation of the meeting; Paul
Bartlett, Julia Cutler, Grahame Johnson, Phil Taylor and especially to Mrs Jean
Proctor, who acted as Secretary for the Conference, before, during and after the
meeting.
This volume contains a selection of the papers and posters presented at the
meeting sub-divided into the six principle sessions: Applications of the Princi-
ples of Colloid Science, Suspensions, Surfactants, Emulsions and Rheology,
Microemulsions and Bio-Colloids.
R. H. Ottewill (Bristol)
A. R. Rennie (Cambridge)
P r. . . . . . e. . . . . . f. . . . . . a. . . . . . c. . . . . . e. . . . . . . . . . . . V
Application of the principles of colloid science
Noskov BA, Grigoriev DO: Capillary wave propagation on solutions of surfactants: a new method
for kinetic studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Dynarowicz P: Interaction between molecules in adsorbed films at the air/water inter-
face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
May S: Position of the neutral surface in charged monolayers . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Caminati G, Margheri E, Complexation of metal ions at the monolayer-water interface . . . . . . . 12
Gabrielli G:
Siegel S, Vollhardt D: Morphological structures in monolayers of long chain alcohols . . . . . . 16
Kiss E, Bert6ti I: Preparation and characterization of PEO grafted surfaces by wettability
measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Stettin H, M6gel H-J: Amphiphilic molecules with a structured head on a water surface: a
Monte Carlo simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Stettin H, M6gel H-J: Branched amphiphilic molecules on a water surface: a Monte Carlo
simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Johner C, Graf C, HoB U, Static light scattering by aqueous, salt-free solutions of charged poly-
Kramer H, Martin C, styrenesulfonate at different molecular weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Overbeck E, Weber R:
Kramer H, Martin C, Graf C, Electro-optic effects of electrostatically interacting rodlike polyelectro-
Hagenbiichle, M, Johner C, Weber R: lytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Bilinski B, Dawidowicz AL, The surface properties of controlled porosity glasses of various porosity 46
W6jcikW:
Suspensions
Rosenholm JB, Manelius F, Surface and bulk properties of yttrium stabilized ZrO2 powders in
Fagerholm H, GrOnroos L, dispersions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Byman-FagerhotmH :
Smalley MV: One phase and two phase regions of colloid stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Pfefferkorn E, Ouali L: Polymer induced fragmentation of colloids: mechanism and k ine t i c s . . . 65
Cabuil V, Hochart N, Synthesis of cyclohexane magnetic fluids through adsorption of end
Perzynski R, Lutz PJ: functionalized polymers on magnetic particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Cabuil V, Perzynski R, Phase separation induced in cyclohexane magnetic fluids by addition of
Bastide J: polymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Contents
Ilett SM, PoonWCK, Pusey PN, An experimental study of a model colloid-polymer mixture exhibiting
Orrock A, Semmler MK, Erbit S: colloidal gas, liquid and crystal phases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Schulz SE Sticher H: Surface charge densities and electrophoretic mobilities of aqueous
colloidal suspensions of latex spheres with different ionizable groups . . 85
Despotovic R, Despotovic LA, On polycomponent colloid systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Nemet Z, Biskup B:
M6gel H-J, Brand P, Aggregation processes in solutions of basic aluminium chlorides . . . . . 93
AngermannT:
Rogan KR, Bentham AC, Sodium polyacrylate mediated dispersion of calcite . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Beard GWA, George IA,
Skuse DR:
~rlnctnais
Hoffmann H, Hofmann S, Phase behavior and properties of micellar solutions of mixed zwitterionic
Illner JC: and ionic surfactants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Penders MHGM, Nilsson S, Mixtures of gelling agarose with non-ionic surfactants or block-copoly-
Piculell L, Lindman B: mers: clouding and diffusion properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Lunkenheimer K, Holzbauer H-R, Novel results on adsorption properties of definite n-alkyl oxypropylene
Hirte R: oligomers at the air/water interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Mallamace F, Micali N, Raman, depolarized and BriUouin scattering studies on nonionic miceUar
Vasi C, Trusso S, solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Corti M, DegiorgioV:
LinT-L, HuY, Chen S-H, Studies of 1-C16-2-C6-PC and 1-C6-2-C16-PC rodlike micelles by small-
Roberts MF, Samseth J, angle neutron scattering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Mortensen K:
Staples E J, Thompson L, Adsorption from mixed surfactant solutions containing dodecanol . . . . 130
Tucker I, Penfold J:
Edlund H, LindholmA, Phase equilibria in dodecyl pyridinium bromide - water surfactant
Carlsson I, Lindstr6m B, systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Hedenstr6m E, Khan A:
SagerW, Strey R, AOT, influence of impurities on the phase behaviour . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Ktihnle W, Kahlweit M:
Khan A, Regev O, Mixed surfactants: sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulphosuccinate-d idodecyl-
Dumitrescu A, Caria A: dimethylammoniumb romide - water system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Terech P, RodriguezV: Surfactant aggregation in organic solvents: physical gels and "living
polymers" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
D'Angelo M, Onori G, Study of micelle formation in aqueous sodium n-octanoate solutions . . 154
SantucciA:
D'Angelo M, Onori G, Structure and state of water in reversed aerosol OT micelles: an infrared
SantucciA: study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Tsiourvas D, Paleos CM, Monomeric and polymeric bola amphiphiles based on the succinic and
MalliarisA: maleic anhydrides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Micali N, Trusso S, Vasi C, Aggregation properties of a short chain nonionic amphiphile (C4E1)
Mallamace E Lombardo D, in water solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Onori G, Santucci A:
Contents
Anghel DE Bobica C, The effect of cationic surfactant micelles upon the hydrolysis of p-nitro-
Moldovan M, Albu C, Voicu A: phenyl esters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Lin CH, Gabas N, Surfactant effects in crystallization: nucleation and crystal habit of
Canselier JP, Tanori J, 3,-aminobutyric acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Pezron I, Clausse D, P~pe G:
Emulsions and rheology
Heyes DM, Mitchell PJ, Viscoelasticity and near-Newtonian behavior of concentrated dispersions
Visscher PB: by Brownian dynamics simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Kr~igel J, Siegel S, Surface shear rheological studies of protein adsorption layers . . . . . . . 183
Miller R:
Miller R, Joos P, FainermanVB: Dynamic studies of soluble adsorption layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Lundsten G, Backlund S, Solubility limits of water in systems of aromatic oils and non-ionic
Kiwilsza G: surfactants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Taylor P, Ottewill RH: Ostwald ripening in O/W miniemulsions formed by the dilution of
O/W microemulsions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Chen L-J, Hsu M-C, Lin S-T: Salt effects on interracial behaviors at liquid-liquid interfaces in the
water + N-tetradecane + C6E2 system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Morantz D J: Entropic aspects of the viscosity of a polymer resin monolayer . . . . . . 210
Microemulsions
Renoux D, Selb J, Candau F: Aqueous solution properties ofhydrophobically associatingcopolymers. 213
Pileni MP, Michel F, Pitr6 F: Synthesis of hydrophobic enzymes using reverse miceUes. Enzymatic
study of derivatives in AOT reverse micelles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Sicoli E Langevin D: Shape fluctuations of microemulsion droplets: role of surfactant film
bending elasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
PapadimitriouV, Petit C, Structural modifications of reverse micelles due to enzyme incorporation
Xenakis A, Pileni MP: studied by SAXS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Hammouda A, Pileni MP: Synthesis of small latexes by polymerisation of reverse micelles . . . . . . 229
Appell J, Porte G, Some experimental evidences in favour of connections in elongated
Berret JF, Roux DC: surfactant micelles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Koper GJM, Smeets J: Clustering in microemulsions: aggregation of aggregates . . . . . . . . . . 237
Lianos P, Papoutsi D: TiO2 microemulsion gels obtained by the sol-gel method using titanium
isopropoxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Papoutsi D, BrownW, Lianos P: Effect of polyethylene glycol of varying chain length on cyclohexane-
pentanol-sodium dodecylsulfate water-in-oil microemulsions . . . . . . . 243
Saidi Z, Boned C, Conductivity of ternary microemulsions: the pressure-percolation
Xans P, Peyrelasse J: effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Stamatis H, Xenakis A, Lipase localization in W/O microemulsions studied by fluorescence
Kolisis FN, Malliaris A: energy transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Contents
Bio-colloids
Jones MN, Kaszuba M: Molecular interactions and the targeting of vesicles to biosurfaces . . . . 256
Roefs SPFM, de Kruif CG: Heat-induced denaturation and aggregation of B-lactoglobulin . . . . . . 262
Egelhaaf S, Miiller M, The spontaneous vesiculation: mixed lecithin-bile salt solutions as a
Schurtenberger P: biologically relevant model system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Home DS, Leaver J, Brooksbank DV: Electrostatic interactions in adsorbed B-casein layers . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Durrer C, Trache JM, Duchene D, Study of the interactions between nanoparticles and intestinal mucosa 275
Ponchel G:
van Aken GA, Merks MTE: Dynamic surface properties of milk proteins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Aliotta F, Fontanella ME, Dynamic properties of lecithin reverse micelles: an investigation of the
La Manna G, Turco-Liveri V: sol-gel transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Angelova MI, Pouligny B, Stressing phospholipid membranes using mechanical effects of light . . . 293
Martinot-Lagarde G, Gr6han G,
Gouesbet G:
Regev O, Khan A: Vesicle-lamellar transition events in DDAB-water solution . . . . . . . . . 298
Gehlert U, Vollhardt D: The phase behaviour of an ether lipid monolayer compared with an ester
lipid monolayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Bottari E, Festa MR: Sodium salts of bile acids in aqueous micellar solutions . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Caminati G, Gabrielli G, Effect of valinomycin on PET partners in L-B mimetic membranes . . . 311
Ricceri R:
Heenan RK, White SJ , SANS studies of the interaction of SDS micelles with gelatin, and the
CosgroveT, Zarbakhsh A, effect of added salt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Howe AM, Blake TD:
Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Progr Colloid Polym Sci (1994) 97:1-5
© Steinkopff-Verlag1 994 \ l ' l ' l . l ( \ I
B.A. Noskov Capillary wave propagation on
D.O. Grigoriev
solutions of surfactants:
a new method for kinetic studies
Abstract It is well-known that water interface is essentially diffusion
Received: 16 September 1993
Accepted: 25 March 1994 adsorption kinetics influences the controlled. Above the Critical micelle
damping coefficient of capillary concentration (CMC) a slight
waves. However, only a few kinetic increase of the damping for solutions
studies of adsorption based on this of SDS is connected with
effect have been published in the a corresponding change of the shear
literature. We show that the method viscosity of the bulk phase. For DPB
of low-frequency capillary waves has solutions the results can be explained
certain advantages as compared with only if the micellization kinetics are
other methods traditionally used for taken into account. The estimated
this purpose. It can be applied also to values of the relaxation time for the
the investigation of the micellization slow stage of the micellization process
kinetics. are in agreement with the results
The damping coefficient and the obtained in the course of
wavelength of ripples on the surface investigations of bulk phases.
of aqueous solutions of sodium
B.A. Noskov (1~), • D.O. Grigoriev dodecylsulfate (SDS) and
Faculty of Chemistry dodecylpyridinium bromide (DPB) Key words Capillary waves - air-
St. Petersburg State University have been measured as a function of water interface - adsorption kinetics
Universitetskiy prospekt 2
198904 St. Petersburg-Stariy Petergof, surfactant concentration. For both - ionic surfactants - micellization
Russia systems the adsorption at the air- kinetics
Introduction It is noteworthy that kinetic studies of the adsorption
of surfactants at the liquid-gas interface have a long his-
In recent years experimental methods, based on the tory [10]. The interest in this question diminished some-
measurements of capillary wave characteristics, have be- times, but then revived again under the influence of new
come widespread in the physical chemistry of surface phe- experimental evidence or applied problems.
nomena. It is well-known that the data on the damping of There are two main difficulties hindering kinetic sur-
surface waves can be used in the studies of the structure of face studies. Firstly, there is a very high sensitivity of the
insoluble monolayers [1, 2]. Although it was shown in the results to the presence of minor surface-active impurities.
classical works that the method of low-frequency capillary Secondly, there is a relatively high adsorption rate of
wave permits evidence to be obtained concerning the ad- conventional surfactants which forces measurements to be
sorption mechanism of surfactants at the gas-liquid inter- made at time intervals essentially less than a second. Ex-
face [3, 4], only a few attempts have been made to apply perimental methods used in the case of small adsorption
this method to kinetic studies [5-9]. times (0.001 sq).l s) (the oscillating jet method, the max-
B.A. Noskov and D.O. Grigoriev
Capillary wave propagation on solutions of surfactants
imum bubble pressure method, and some others) are usu- ~i is the chemical variable, Ai is the corresponding reaction
ally connected with a strong external perturbation of the affinity. The low index ~ means that the derivative corres-
system under study. This leads to the appearance of non- ponds to a non-equilibrium process but is taken at the
linear hydrodynamic phenomena. The account of these equilibrium values of the thermodynamic variables, in
makes the task more complicated [11]. particular at ~ = 0. The low index Ai indicates equilibrium
In the case of the capillary wave method these external conditions for a normal process i.
perturbations can be easily minimized. In this work, for For solutions of surfactants the main relaxation pro-
example, the ratio of the amplitude to the wavelength is cess is adsorption (or desorption). In this case the condi-
about 0.001. Then the system can be described by linear tion of homogeneous concentration corresponds to
hydrodynamic equations and the boundary problem cor- pure adsorption kinetics (the largest value of the ad-
responding to the experimental conditions allows an exact sorption barrier). Then (dtr/t31nS)A = O, (Oa/alnS)¢=
solution to be obtained. - ~a/OlnF, where F is the adsorption.
The main purposes of this work were to show the In a more general case it is necessary to take into
further applicability of the capillary wave method to kin- account the diffusion of the surfactant to and from the
etic studies at the water-air interface and to determine the surface and the expression for the dynamic surface elastic-
adsorption mechanism of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) ity becomes more complicated. In the case of an arbitrary
and dodecylpyridinium bromide (DPB), which were number of surfactants this quantity takes a relatively
chosen as examples of anionic and cationic surfactants. simple form only at small rates of the surface coverage:
The results presented below, apparently can be con-
&r
sidered also as a first experimental confirmation of the
t~tr
influence of micellization kinetics on the damping of the
surface transverse waves. This means that the capillary
,=1 1 + i oT, + (1 + i)x/
wave method can be successfully applied for the investiga-
2D~ \ dci Ja,
,#
tion of various processes, not only in the surface layer, but
(2)
in the bulk phase close to the interface as well.
where z~ = 1/~q is the relaxation adsorption time, ~ is the
kinetic coefficient of the desorption process, c~ is the sub-
surface concentration and N' is the number of surfactants
in the system.
The main result of an analytical investigation of linear However, in the important particular case of a single
surface waves propagating along a fiat interface is a disper- surfactant it is possible to obtain an expression for e which
sion equation, connecting the wave characteristics (the is justified for an arbitrary surface coverage and concentra-
wavelength 2, the damping coefficient ~, the angular fre- tion, [12]:
0a
quency to) with the properties of the bulk phase (the
density p, the shear viscosity #) and the surface properties da ~lnF
e - + , (3)
(the static surface tension a and the complex dynamic OlnF ~ 8F
surface elasticity ~) [4, 8]. For conventional soluble surfac- 1 + ico'ci + (1 + i ) /~ -~ ~c
tants the surface shear viscosity is small and the dynamic
surface elasticity is reduced to the dilational dynamic sur- where the relaxation time is determined already by a more
face elasticity e. This quantity can be calculated with the general relation z = [~ + flc/Foo]-t, fl is the kinetic coef-
help of non-equilibrium thermodynamics [12]. In particu- ficient of the adsorption, F~ is the maximum value of the
lar, if the concentration in the bulk phase can be con- adsorption.
sidered as homogeneous, the quantity e takes the following Micellization makes the system even more compli-
form [12]: cated. However, progress in the kinetic theory of this
phenomenon [13] allows an analytical investigation of
this case also [14]. When the rate of the real adsorption
process is high (fl >> coD1) and the frequency is close to the
- 6InS = ~--~nS) i= 1 1 + ic~zi ' inverse relaxation time of the slow stage of the micelli-
zation process z 21, the folowing relation can be obtained
(1)
[14]:
where N is the number of normal relaxation processes in
the surface layer, S is the area of a surface element, zi is the &r (1 i D l t ( d - - ~ c ) - ' ) - '
e - dlnF co (4)
isothermal relaxation time of a normal reaction (process) i,