Trends in Artificial Intelligence: 2nd Congress of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence, AI*IA Palermo, Italy, October, 29–31, 1991 Proceedings

489 Pages·1991·8.65 MB·English

by  Wolfgang Wahlster

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 549
Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Edited by J. Siekmann
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Edited by G. ,Goos and J. Hartmanis
E. Ardizzone .S Gaglio E Sorbello ).sdE(
Trends m
Artificial Intelligence
2nd Congress of the Italian Association for
Artificial Intelligence, AI* IA
Palermo, Italy, October, 29-31, 1991
Proceedings
galreV-regnirpS
Berlin Heidelberg NewYork
London Paris Tokyo
Hong Kong Barcelona
Budapest
Series Editor
JOrg Siekmann
Institut f~ir Informatik, Universit~it Kaiserslautern
Postfach 3049, W-6750 Kaiserslautern, FRG
Volume Editors
Edoardo Ardizzone
Salvatore Gaglio
Filippo Sorbello
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Palermo
Viale delle Scienze, 1-90128 Palermo, Italy
CR Subject Classification (1991): 2.1
ISBN 3-540-54712-6 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York
ISBN 0-387-54712-6 Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of
the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of
illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way,
and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted
(cid:12)9 only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its
current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag.
Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law.
(cid:14)9 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1991
Printed in Germany
Typesetting: Camera ready by author
Printing and binding: Druckhaus Beltz, Hemsbach/Bergstr.
45/3140-543210 - Printed on acid-free paper
Foreword
The second Congress of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence (AI*IA)
(Palermo, October 29-31, 1991), organized by the CRES (Centro per la Ricerca
Elettronica in Sicilia), can be considered an outstanding event in artificial intelligence in
Europe. The high number of submitted papers and the international participation
witness a high interest in the activities of AI*IA.
The Congress is organized into 8 sessions, in which 39 papers are presented. A poster
session is also taking place with the presentation of 61 further short papers. The
distribution of the papers in the various subfields of AI clearly reflects an international
trend, which has in the subject of knowledge representation the present focus of
attention.
Besides contributed papers, the program consists of three outstanding invited talks and
special sessions devoted to Italian special projects of the National Research Council
(CNR), industrial experiences and applications, and applications in finance and
banking.
Invited speakers are Wolfgang Wahlster, Jack Rahaim and Federico Faggin, who are
giving talks, respectively, on intelligent user interfaces, on the DIGITAL project
IMKA, and on neural chips.
The 8 sessions are subdivided among the conference themes as follows: 4 sessions for
knowledge representation, 1 for knowledge acquisition, 1 for natural language under-
standing, 1 for perception and robotics, and 1 for architectures and technologies.
Many people have worked hard for the success of the Congress. I want to express my
gratitude to all of them.
First of all, many thanks to the members of the Program Committee and of the Com-
mittee for the Industrial Exhibition, in particular to the President of the AI*IA, Prof.
Luigia Carlucci Aiello, for their help in solving with constant attention all the problems
that have emerged. It is worth mentioning their care in the evaluation of papers and their
initiative in finding valid additional reviewers.
Thanks to all people who have accepted to be chairmen of the various sessions:
L. Carlucci AieUo, G. Attardi, G. Berini, M. Del Canto, M. Di Manzo, L.Lesmo,
E. Pagello, R. Petrioli, P. Salamone, G. Semeraro, F. Sorbello, M.Somalvico,
L. Spampinato, O. Stock, L. Stringa, and P. Torasso.
I am grateful to the Organizing Committee for its activity concerning the local
arrangements. I am especially grateful to the CRES, and to its president and its vice-
president, Prof. Stefano Riva Sanseverino and Prof. Ignazio Romano Tagliavia, for
having accepted the burden of the overall organization. Invaluable has been the support
of the Congress Secretariat: Lia Giangreco, Ina Paladino, and Giusy Romano.
The last word is for my colleagues of the Scientific Secretariat, Edoardo Ardizzone and
Filippo Sorbello, who have shared with me all the anxieties of scientific and non-
scientific nature in preparing all the events of the Congress.
Palermo, August 1991 Salvatore Gaglio
Preface
The book collects the scientific papers presented at the 2nd Congress of the Italian
Association for Artificial Intelligence. It represents the state of the art of both Italian and
European scientific research in AI.
The high quality of the papers and the hard work of the researchers are witness of a
massive research activity mainly devoted to the theoretical aspects of AI, but clearly
aimed to consolidate the results that have already been achieved. However, the presence
of several contributions oriented to the technological aspects of AI must be pointed out.
Papers presented in sessions devoted to knowledge representation investigate logic
properties of formalisms. Some of them propose new logics for nonmonotonic
inference and introduce frameworks for autoepistemic logics and abductive reasoning.
Other papers present recent results concerning inheritance and approximate reasoning.
A great deal of attention is given to constraint based reasoning, which is presently one
of the most promising fields of investigation. Finally, a great effort is being made to
integrate various kinds of knowledge representation formalisms.
In the session on knowledge ,noitisiuqca some of presently most promising topics are
treated. In particular, attention is given to the learning of diagnostic knowledge by
using a priori knowledge and examples, and to the formation of default hierarchies in
learning classifier systems. The use of multiple concept languages to overcome
problems of version-space induction is also investigated. The construction of semantic
abstraction, defined as a mapping between models, is proposed by extending the
paradigm of inverse resolution. Finally, knowledge compilation is proposed to speed
up and increase the reliability of numerical optimization.
Papers on namra/language investigate syntactic disambiguation and efficient parsing
algorithms for context-free grammars and for dependency grammars. Other papers deal
with computational models of tense selection.
Papers presented in the session on perception and robotics era mainly devoted to
artificial vision. In particular, they focus on the recovery of high-level geometric
structures from images and on the integration between low-level and high-level repre-
sentations. In both cases, great attention is given to massively parallel algorithms,
mostly based on connection architectures. The last paper faces the problem of sensor-
based robot navigation, proposing an approach based on the integration between
analogic and symbolic representations.
In the session on serutcetihcra and ,seigolonhcet papers cover various aspects such as
the development of a system for supporting cooperative group-based design, the direct
interaction among active data structures aimed at building AI systems and the intro-
duction of knowledge representation techniques in database models. Finally, a system
focusing on the design of an intelligent training system in an industrial environment and
a new hardware digital architecture for Kohonen's self-organizing maps are presented.
At the end of the book, other interesting work, presented at the Congress in a poster
session, appears as short papers.
The editors would like to thank authors for their contribution and referees for their
cooperation to the realization of this book.
Palermo, August 1991 Edoardo Ardizzone, Salvatore Gaglio, Filippo Sorbello
iiiv
Program Committee
Chairman: S. Gaglio (University of Palermo)
G. Berini (DIGITAL) E. PageUo (University of Padua)
L. Carlucci Aiello D. Parisi (CNR)
(University of Rome, La Sapienza) L. Saitta (University of Turin)
S. Cerri )J!~ADID( G. Semeraro (CSATA)
M. Del Canto (ELSAG) R. Serra (DIDAEL)
G. Ferrari (University of Pisa) L. Spampinato (QUINARY)
G. Guida (University of Udine) L. Stringa (IRST)
F. Lauria (University of Naples) P. Torasso (University of Turin)
L. Lesmo (University of Turin) R. Zaccaria (University of Genoa)
Organizing Committee
Chairmen: S. Riva Sanseverino and I. Romano Tagliavia (CRES)
E. Ardizzone (University of Palermo) F. Lo Piparo (University of Palermo)
S. Battiato (CRES) T. Rairnondi (University of Palermo)
G. Bertini (DIGITAL) A. Restivo (University of Palermo
P. Buccheri (University of Palermo) P. Salamone (Sicilcassa)
V. Di Gesh (University of Palermo) M. Sannino (University of Palermo)
S. Gaglio (University of Palermo) F. Sorbello (University of Palermo)
G. Grisanti (University of Palermo) S. Termini (University of Palermo)
U. Lo Faso (University of Palermo) S. Tropia (CRES)
Industrial Exhibition Committee
Chairmen: G. Berini (DIGITAL) and F. SorbeUo (University of Palermo)
F. Canepa )AILAT1REA( E. Morino (CSI Piemonte)
M. Del Canto (ELSAG) R. Simino (DIGITAL)
S. Gaglio (University of Palermo) L. Spampinato (QUINARY)
G. Guida (University of Palermo)
Scientific Secretariat
E. Ardizzone and F. Sorbello (University of Palermo)
Contents
Invited Paper
Knowledge-based media coordination in intelligent user interfaces
W. Wahlster, E. Andrd, .W Graf, T. Rist
(German Research Center for A.I., DFKI)
Topic :1 Knowledge Representation
Some notes on cumulative reasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
.G Amati (Fond. .U Bordoni, Roma)
A family of three-valued autoepistemic logics . . . . . . . . . . 28
P.A. Bonatti (Universitd di Pisa)
Viewpoints subsume beliefs, truths and situations . . . . . . . . 38
M. Simi (Universitd di Udine)
Automating meta-theory creation and system extension . . . . . . . 48
D. Basin (University of Edinburgh, UK), F. Giunchigia,
P. Traverso (IRST, Trento)
Implementing exceptions in inheritance by concept transforming actions. 58
B. Fronhofer (Technische Universitat Miinchen, FRG )
Approximate entailment . . . . . 68
M. Cadoli, M. Schaerf (Universitd di Roma, La Sapienza)
Negation as failure and constraints through abduction and defaults . . . . 78
L. Giordano, M. Martelli, M L. Sapino (Universitd di Torino)
A hybrid system with datalog and concept languages. 88
F. M. Donni, M. Lenzerini, D. Nardi , A. Schaerf
(Universitd di Roma, La Sapienza)
Optimal search for conjunctive goals using constraints . . . . . . 98
J. E llman (Conceptual services, Torino ,)
.G Mezzanatto (Aeritalia, Torino )
FSS-WASTL: interactive knowledge acquisition for a semantic lexicon 108
R. M. Jansen-Winkeln, A. Ndiaye,
N. Reithinger (Universit~t des Saarlandes, FRG )
Hybrid encoding: constraints on addressing structure . . . . . . . . 117
J.-M. Slack (IRST, Trento)
Uncertainty and cyclic dependencies: a proposal and a network implementation . 127
A. Bonarini, E. Cappelletti, A. Corrao (Politecnico di Milano)
IIX
Abductive reasoning in a multi-theory framework . . . . . . . . . 137
A. Brogi (Universitd di Pisa), E. Lamma (Universitd di Bologna),
P. Mancarelli (Universitd di Pisa), P. Mello (Universitd di Bologna)
The abstract interpretation of hybrid rule/frame-based systems . . . . . 147
R. Evertsz (Scientia, London, UK)
E. Motta (Open University, Milton Keynes, UK)
Taxonomic reasoning in configuration tasks . . . . . . . . . . 157
.C Bagnasco, P. P etrin, L. Spampinato ( Quinary, Milano )
Representation and use of teleological knowledge
in the multi-modeling approach . . . . . 167
G. Brajnik, L. Chittaro d'tisrevinU( di'Udine )i G.'Guida "
(Universitd di Brescia), C. Tasso, E. Toppano (Universitd di Udine)
Towards the integration of different knowledge sources
in model-based diagnosis . . . . . . . . 177
L. Console (Universitd di Udine), .D" d'rpu)l-rediesehrf (Universiui di Torino)
P. Torasso (Universitd di Udine)
Integrating statistics, numerical analysis and dependency-recording
in model-based diagnosis . . . . . . . 187
S. Cermignani, G. Tornielli (CISE, A~lano)
Topic :2 Knowledge Acquisition
Version-space induction with multiple concept languages . . . . . . . 198
C. Carpineto (Fond. .U Bordoni, Roma)
Knowledge compilation to speed up numerical optimization . . . . . . 208
G. Cerbone, T.G. Dietterich (Oregon State University, USA)
New perspectives about default hierarchies formation in learning
classifier systems . . . . . . . 218
M. Dorigo (Politecnico di Milano ")
Use of causal model to learn diagnostic knowledge in a real domain . . . . 228
M. Botta (Universitd di Torino), F. Brancadori (Sogesta, Urbino)
S. Ravotto, S.Sperotto (Universitd di Torino), L. Saitta (Universitd di Trento)
Extending inverse resolution to build up abstractions . . . . . . . . 238
A. Giordana (Universiui di Torino ), L. Saina (Universitd di Trento )
D. Roverso (University of Aberdeen, UK), R. Finelli, M.Paderni
dtisrevinU( di Torino )
Topic :3 Natural Language
Using word association for syntactic disambiguation . . . . . . . . 250
R. Basili, M.T. Pazienza (Universitd di Roma, Tor Vergata),
P. Velardi (Universitd di Ancona)
(cid:141)
A computational model of tense selection and its experimentation within an
intelligent tutor . . . . 261
D. Fum (Universitd di Trieste), C I Tasso,'L .A',olopeTff initnonrarT
lctisrevinU( di )enidU
An efficient context-free parsing algorithm with semantic actions. 271
M. Piastra, R. Bolognesi (CARES, Pavia)
From scopings to interpretation: the semantic interpretation within the
AlFresco system . . . . . . . 281
.C Strapparava (IRST, Trento)
Parsing dependency grammars . . . . . . 291
V. Lombardo (Universitd di Torino )
Topic 4: Perception and Robotics
A system based on neural architectures for the reconstruction of 3-D shapes
from images . . . 302
E. ardizzone, A. Chella, R. eirrone, .~l Sorbeilo (Untversitd id" )omrela~l
Retrieval of high-level data structures from stereo vision data. 312
F. .C(,oUebruB Ricerche, Ispra), S. B. Pollard, J. Porrill,
J.E.W. Mayhew (University of Sheffield, )KU
High-level and low-level computer vision: towards an integrated approach 322
.G Adorni (Universitfl di Genova), A. Broggi, .G Conte, .V D aerdnA"
dtisrevinU( di Parma), .C dosnaS ocincetiloP( di )oniroT
An associative link from geometric to symbolic representations
in artificial vision 332
E. ardizzone, F. Callari, a l C/tella d'tisrevinU( di'Paierr~ ,) "
F. Frixione (Universitd di )avoneG
A theory of sensor-based robot navigation using local information . . . . 342
.G Vercelli, R. Zaccaria, P. Morasso (Universitd di Genova)
Topic 5: Architectures and Technologies
Insights into cooperative group design: experience
with the LAN designer system . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
M. Klein (Boeing, USA), S. C.-Y. Lu (University of lllinois, USA)
Direct interaction among active data structures:
a tool for building AI systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
F. Abbruzzese, E. Minicozzi (Universitd di Napoli)
Introducing knowledge representation techniques in database models 375
A. Artale, F. Cesarini, .G Soda (Universitd di Firenze)
Self-organizing maps: a new digital architecture . . . . . . . . . 385
M. Gioiello (Universitd di Palermo), .G Vassallo, A. Chella
,SERC( ,)omrelaP-elaernoM F. Sorbello dtisrevinU( di Palermo)
VIX
Electrical equipment maintenance training and its application
in industrial environment . . . . . . . . . 399
A. Bertin, F. Buciol, G. Dondossola, .C" i,anza "
(Tecnotogie Innovative, Milano )
Short Papers
Temporal and spatial data and default assumptions in DIPSY-E system . 410
M. Kantardzic, V. Okanovic, S. Rizvic, A. Filipovic, H. Glavic
(University of Serajevo, YU)
Visual indexing with an attentive system . 415
R. Milanese, J.-M. Bost, T. Pun (University of Geneva,'Cti)
On neural network programming . 420
P. de Pinto, M. Sette (CNR, Napoli)
A logic for the representation of spatial knowledge 425
M. Abbati, S. Odoardi (Universitd di Ancona)
Truth maintenance in approximate reasoning . . 430
B. Fringuelli, S. Marcugini, A. Milani, S. Rivora
dtisrevinU( di Perugia)
A strategy for design and development of complex knowledge-systems . 435
A. Mclntyre (Knowledge Tec., Brussels, BE)
Efficient compilation of In'st order predicates. 440
G. Attardi, M. Gaspari, P. Iglio (Universitd di Pisa)
A flexible tool for assumption-based user modeling . 445
G. Brajnik, C. Tasso, A. Vaccher (Universitd di Udine)
KL: a neural model for capturing structure in speech . . . . 450
P. Frasconi, M. Gori, M. Maggini, G. Soda (Universitd di Firenze)
Lexical discrimination within a multilevel semantics approach 455
G. Lavelli, B. Magnini (IRST, Trento)
Metalevel representation of analogical inference 460
S. Costantini, G. A. Lanzarone (Universitd di Miiano)
Semantic interpretation of copulative sentences 465
L. Ardissono, P. Terenziani (Universitd di Torino)
Typicality for plausible reasoning . . . . 470
S. Badaloni, A. Zanardo (Universiui di Padova)
A distributed image-understanding system 475
V. Roberto (Universitd di Udine )