TREBACOSA EUROPAEA, A NEW WOLF SPIDER FROM HUNGARY (ARANEAE, LYCOSIDAE)

2007·7 MB·

by  Cs Szinetár

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2007. The Journal of Arachnology 35:153-158
TREBACOSA EUROPAEA, A NEW WOLF SPIDER
FROM HUNGARY (ARANEAE, LYCOSIDAE)
Cs. Szinetar and B. Kancsal: Department of Zoology, Berzsenyi College, Karolyi
Caspar ter 4, Szombathely, H-9700 Hungary. E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT. A new species of Lycosidae, Trebacosa europaea, is described from male specimens
collected within reed beds of Lake Velencei from Hungary. The species represents the Palearctic sister
species ofthe Nearctic Trebacosa marxi (Stone 1890), and occurs in a very specialized habitat ofPhrag-
mitetum communis.
Keywords: Palearctic sister species, lycosid spider, reed beds, scanning micrographs
During a faunal survey of reed beds within MATERIAL AND METHODS
Hungary we found male specimens of a pre- This study is primarily based on Barberpit-
viously unnamed species of lycosid spider on fall trappings that were carried out in the reed
the southern shore of Lake Velencei. The pe- beds of Lake Velencei between November
culiarmorphology ofthe spider suggested that 2003 and June 2005. Traps consisted of 400
it could not be placed in any genus currently ml, 85 mm double cups, with 70% ethylene
known from Europe or Asia, and we eventu- glycol used as preservative. We placed 28
ally surmised that itbelonged within the genus traps in 7 rows, with 4 traps in each row
Trebacosa Dondale & Redner 1981. Although amongst the coastline reeds. All specimens are
this genus was previously known from a sin- deposited in the Soil Zoological Collection
gle named species, T. marxi (Stone 1890), (former Arachnoidea Collection) of the De-
which is restricted to North America (Dondale partment of Zoology, Hungarian Natural His-
& Redner 1981; Paquin & Duperre 2003), tory Museum (Budapest). The electron micro-
there have been two recentreports ofa species graphs were prepared in the Hungarian
of Trebacosa from Europe. Villepoux (1995) Natural History Museum, Budapest (courtesy
reported the capture of a new species of this of Dr. Krisztina Buczko) with a Hitachi SN
2600 scanning electron microscope. The
gfeonuunsd afrnoemwFsrpaencciee,s ainndBeZlhaurukso.veTthses(e20t0w3o) drawings were made using a Leica MZ6 ste-
reo microscope by Bela Kancsal. The new
conference abstracts did notprovide adescrip-
& species was compared with specimens of Tre-
tion of either species. Dondale Redner bacosa marxi: 1 $, 1 d, CANADA, Ontario,
(1981) provided a detailed appraisal ofthe ge- Oliver Bog June, July 1987, D. Blades (det.
nus, and suggested that Trebacosa can be re- J. Redner) (These two specimens are depos-
liably distinguished from the very similar ge- ited in the collection ofthe first author (CSz =
nus Pirata Sundevall 1833. The median coll. Szinetar).) The following abbreviations
apophysis ofthe male palp, which in males of were used in the manuscript: PME = posterior
Pirata is rather small and pointed, is massive median eyes; AME = anterior median eyes;
and armed with two large, pointed processes ALE = anterior lateral eyes. Measurements
in Trebacosa (Dondale & Redner 1981). (mm) are expressed as means ± SE.
Although our reed bed survey only cap- TAXONOMY
tured male specimens, we have decided to
present a species description because we be- Family Lycosidae Sundevall 1833
Genus Trebacosa Dondale & Redner 1981
lieve that the description will contribute to the
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knowledge on the species’ European distri- Type species. Pirata marxi Stone 1890,
bution and to the eventual discovery and de- by original designation.
scription of female specimens. Remarks. The only named species cur-
153
154 THE.JOUJUlNm.OFABL^CHMiOLOCiiY
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Fi^mes 1—4- MalepalpcjfTsiEbacosasp^esz I- Left ofT. etenrfmem^ vemial ¥iew;2- LeftpailHi
ofr. marsi^ venlial ¥iew;3. ApicaldSvisioiiofmalegemtoJ bulb€if 71 europaea,.¥eiitml Tiew;,4.Apical
cfi¥isi«iii ofmale^nitaf: bulbof71 nmnd^ ventiai view.
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SZlDNIlErAM& KAINCSAIL—MEMCOMEMMOPMEA Wmm IMJi<«yKY 1155
due cnmnreiiiitl]^' kmiowiOD dlosttiriih«iiltM)iii of the spe-
diesv
Diagpiio^i. Tmbmi£w>mm ewm^em canm foe
X
disttingiiiiished foromiii mmnnd as fohlows: the
mnediaiiiBaipophijsis((Kgs-5-S))is 1.2tomiiesBoini-
gerthianm iMoad hm T. mumndanmdl 11.7 thmies Doiiik
X
gorthianm llMoad hm ewmpm^my. anad the tower
pnocess oftdise imediiaiim aipoiprJiii^siis is simmillanrto
hm71 mmnrmfounttheapperprocessisshort-
eramd mmorepoaiiiitedL The upperforanmchi ofthe
tennniimiail apopiojsis isctoanrlly’reiiesedventiraill-
1^* whille irai 71 mmiwm it is fotonaitlly roiaiiiided
A
((KgSw. 13, 14). ceiiiittiraiB teguiBar process,
wfnkhi lies foehmd the imiediaiim apophiysis, is
X
sofontiriaiiiiigBiillar in emmipmem ((Kg. 3) and!
MMJiraded in 71 mnmarM ((Mg. 4). Also, the food^
dimensions of 71 ewmpmem aure one-thiiird
^onalllo' than those of 71 rnmansiz 71 ewr&pmem
{n = 10): total length 4.75 ± 0.2S mm; car-
apace length 23 ± 0.16 mm; carapace width
1.6 ± 0.1 mm;and71 mumnd((takenhromOon-
daJSe & IWl) {m = 20): total tomgth
6.25 mm; carapace tomgth 3.4 ± 032 mm;
cairapace widdn 1.6 ± 0.1 mm.
KgSMes 5-Su—fttodBamn rf tfne IJisseriptiim. Mmle: Carapace dark or-
pail^ofTmbmcmsm 5. Twe^Bmcvmmeman^msmy. ange. Three hght-cotoired stripes in median
'vemloll ¥iew; ^ H rmmxiy, ispontrall wiewr; X X line, lineandthelineofposteriorlateral
mpmem^li^toraifl S.T.mmn^l^l^giiall¥irw_ eyes; the M^btmedian Ime is fcmnd alkmig the
entire cairapace in some specimens, whille the
two lateral light stripesare limitedtothepars
cr^iohca. radial snipesandcarapceal
X
loid^infirlufilgdlin Tnebme^mmis mMsnmfifVMon margin dark forown. Eye held slightly darker
IMoHliAmork^|l>oiifilaile& Rednior 19^1; than remainder ofcarapace. FME row wider
quin ^ Dupoie 20IB|. Tlii^ disconw^^j dfEu- thanfimntaleyetow.AMEslighlilylargerthan
ropoiii efTwg'lmcmsafYillqioiiiiL 1995; ALE.
Zhiik€»wts 2003) ej^painds the ^eograipliic Oielicerae: with 3 prolateral and2letiolat-
distribntioii oftdie gonus^ and One dkssoiptkjfi eral teeth; color yeUow-lMownisli, similar to
ofanew^leoesfinomHnn^iypiesenledfaoe colorofstomam and 1^ coxae.
ison^ the second speciesofTtneba€*ma tohe Abdomen: tnrown, hearing a lanceolate
named. markonanterico'halfofdmsnm:hhinedtight-
Ttwbacosaeuwttpe^a new species color^ small spots form a pattern towards
Kgs. 1, X X —% II* 13 Owiltdhoaf afbedwomdearnk;erposttrearnis€»rrostahliidspooftsa;bcdeonftnreanl
Material examined. Holotjpe male: side hghier than dorsal side; €X)»Ior yeMow-
HUNGARY: Mez^HA Lake Yeloico Basim hrownidi,withoutany^pots;spirmoetsslight-
Istein Chemel Biid Obseixatorj 147^1I'M, lydatko-thancentralsideofahdomen;hgfater
ISf^'E), Bailior pitKD trap, 30 Jane 2QCM, color of rentral side contiiiites upwards on
&
Cs. Szinetar B. Kancsal PINHMB). l^ra- ^de of ahdomen and whoi riewed from
t]fpes: 4 malesy same localioii and colle^ras, abore,formingafiamearounddorsal pattern.
=
30Jane 20fM fHNHMB); 10 males, same lo- Legs: onifomily yellow orange. Setae in
cationandcxdkctois,25Ja%20CHCHNHMB); 10): femurI: iloffsal 3, prolatoal 0-1,refiolat-
1 male; same location and colleclois, 3 June eralCLtibia1:dorsal 0-1,piolateral 1-2,retro-
2005 fHNHMB)—. lateral 2, xentral 2p; hasilarsiis 1: dorsal O,
Etfmolog^. Uie species name r^ris to prolateral 1-2, retrolateral 0-2, central 2p.
156 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY
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Figures 9, 10. Scanning micrographs of the male palp, ventral view, of Trebacosa species: 9. T.
europaea; 10. T. rnarxi.
Palp: median apophysis (Figs. 1, 9, 11) ropaea were collected in a reed bed on the
very large, 1.7 times longer than wide, and southern shore of Lake Velencei. The domi-
with two large pointed processes, each sub- nant species of the shoreline association
equal in size (Figs 7, 11); upper process bent (Phragmitetum communis) is Phragmites aus~
out only slightly towards terminal apophysis, tralis. Further species include Typha angusti-
and bent apically almost perpendicular to folia, Eupatorium cannabinum, Calystegia se-
main axis of median apophysis (Figs. 1, 9); pium, Solanum dulcamara, Echinocystis
upper branch of terminal apophysis clearly lobata, Lycopus europaeus andMentha arven-
bent basally (Fig. 13); central tegular process, sis. The specimens were captured 5-15 m
which lies behind the median apophysis, sub- from the open water surface. The soil water
triangular (Fig. 3); embolus long and slender, in this zone is very close (2-5 cm) to the soil
terminating near terminal apophysis; cym- surface and the decaying plant material and
bium yellow orange; hairs not modified. mosses are continuously soaked with water.
Somatic features {n = 10): total length: We collected and identified 3,922 speci-
4.75 ± 0.28 mm; carapace length: 2.5 ±0.16 mens of 89 ground-dwelling spider species
mm, carapace width: 1.6 ± 0.1 mm. from reed beds between November 2003 and
Female: Unkn—own. June 2005. Several species were found that
Distribution. Hu—ngary. are rare, habitat specialist spiders ofEuropean
Natural history. The typical habitats of reed beds, indicating the natural value of the
r. rnarxi are swamps, marshes, sphagnum area. Some interesting spider species that co-
bogs, and wet leaf litter (Dondale & Redner occurred with Trebacosa europaea included:
1981), and our data demonstrate that T. eu- Ero cambridgei (Kulczynski 1911); Crustuli-
ropaea occurs in similar wetland habitats. The na sticta (O. Pickard-Cambridge 1861); Ar-
two previous reports of Trebacosa in Europe aeoncus crassipes (Westring 1861); Entele-
also mentioned similar habitats (Villepoux cara omissa (O. Pickard-Cambridge 1902);
1995; Zhukovets 2003). Specimens of T. eu- Glyphesis servulus (Simon 1881); G. taople-
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SZINETAR & KANCSAL—TREBACOSA EUROPAEA FROM HUNGARY 157
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Figures 11-14. Scanning micrographs of apophyses in male palps of Trebacosa species: 11. Median
apophysis of T. europaea, lateral view; 12. Median apophysis of T. marxi, lateral view; 13. Terminal
apophysis of T. europaea, lateral view; 14. Terminal apophysis of T. marxi, lateral view.
sius Wunderlich 1969; Pelecopsis mengei (Si- such as Larinia elegans Spassky 1939 and L.
mon 1884); Walckenaeria unicornis (O. Pick- bonneti Spassky 1939 were also found (Szi-
ard-Cambridge 1861); Pirata tenuitarsis netar & Eichardt 2004). The male specimens
(Simon 1876); and Argyroneta aquatica of T. europaea were collected from May to
(Clerck 1757). July, which is likely to represent the main ac-
The majority ofthe dominant spider species tivity period of both sexes. However, we do
were tolerant, commonly occurring, ground- not have data on females.
dwelling species: Alopecosa pulverulenta Biogeography. The discovery of Euro-
(Clerck 1757); Pardosa prativaga (L. Koch pean species of Trebacosa (Villepoux 1995;
1870); Trochosa ruricola (De Geer 1778);An- Zhukovets 2003) has shown that the genus is
tistea elegans (Blackwall 1841); Agraecina present in both the Nearctic and Palearctic re-
striata (Kulczyhski 1882); Drassyllus luteti- gions and, if all European populations are
anus (L. Koch, 1866); Trachyzelotespedestris eventually found to be conspecihc, T. marxi
(C.L. Koch 1837). Rare orb-weaver species. in North America and T. europaea in Europe
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