Treatise on Human Nature: Summa Theologiae 1A 75-89 (The Hackett Aquinas Project)

454 Pages·2002·3.61 MB·English

by  Saint Thomas Aquinas

ThomasA quinas
TheT reatiosnHe u tnanN ature
SummaT heologlia7a 5e- 89
TranslwaittIehnd t,r oduction
anCdo mmentbayr y,
RobePratsn au
Hackett PublCiosmhpianyng, Inc.
IdnianiaCspa/omlbdrgie
As aD ominicfarniT ahrom,a sA quinwaassc ommitttoel di vinlgi ofaef
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CONTENTS
Acnkowlgemdents
XI
Inrtocdtuion
xn
SummTahe loogIiaa75 e - 89
Ques7t5i on
OnS ouClo nesriiedndI tOsw nR ight 2
Arti1cI.tls he se o aub lo dy? 2
Arti2clI.tse h heum ans osuolem htigns ubs?i stent 5
Aritc3lA.er thee s ouolfbs r uatnmeia lssu bstseint? 7
Arti4.cI lse s tohtuehlh e u mabneg i,on rit seh h uman 9
beirnahgte sro mhenitgc omopseodfs oaunlbd o dy?
Aritc5lI.es stohcueol pm osoefmd a ttaenrfd ro m? 10
Art6icI.tls he he um ans oiunlc rourptible? 13
Arti7clD.oe e ss otbuhelel otonte hgs amsep esca ise aanengl ?1 6
Quetsi7o6n
TheS ousU lni'owni tthhB eody 18
Artlie1cI .ts eh i netltliepvcirecn piluen eidtt o btohdaeys 18
itsfro m?
Arti2cI.tls he ie ne tltliepvcirecn pilneu miecrlamylu ltiiepdl 24
accdoirngt hnteumo b eorfb odiOeris ts?eh raes n igle
inetlelcftroa lhlu mabne ings?
Artic3l.e Dabo oedsy wfrohmo stiehs e intellec2t9i ve
pirnpclhiea veo htaensryo ? u l
Artli4ec.I t seh raen oyt hera nistauflrob ms ttihnhe u man 33
body?
Arti5Wc.hl aest o orfbt o dsyh odhu alvtehi ene ltleicvte 37
pirnicpalsie tf rsom ?
Artic6.lIt seeh i netltlievceu nistoteuoidl tb soy dt rhoguh 40
thmee adiitoonfa ny iadtce?cn
v
Contents
Vl
Aritc7lI.ets eh s ouli tuetndeh b toyodt rhoutghhme e diioant4 1
ofa noyth ebro dy?
Artilce8I .ts eh s owuhloe il ne acphao rftt h beo dy? 44
Quetosin7 7
TheC apaiceoistft e h SoGueln eirna l 47
Artlie1cI .ts eh s osue lss'enicstce aa pcyi?t 47
Aritc2lD.eo etshs eo ul ohnaolvynce ea pyao,cr mi otre 51
thaonn e?
Aritc3l.e Haeort weh s osuc la'piatcdiiessgut siihned? 52
Aritc4lT.eh oer doeftr hs euo 'lcsa piatscti ooe naen hoet.r 55
Aritc5lI.ets eh s otuhlse u bcjotefa lisltc aapciiets? 56
Artli6ec . tDhsoeuo slc 'apiaecflsio tfwor mi st essence5?8
Arti7cD.lo eeo sn cea apcyi ttohfse o ulgi noeair tnai nhoet?r 60
Aritc8lD.e o tahlselo suc la'ptaicreiesmi ani n idte haa?tft e6r1
Quetosin7 8
TheS ousP ler'-eIlntltievCcea paisce it 64
Artlie1cT .h ken idso f ctaipbeaescl iontgotie hsn og.u l 64
Artli2ecT .h ce apiatcoifteeh sv egetpaatritv.e 67
Artlie3cT .h eex tesrennasle s. 69
ArtliecT h4ei. n etrnsaeln ses. 73
Quetosin7 9
TheS ousI lne'ltlievcCeta paiceist 77
Aritc1lI.ets eh i neltletc caa piatocyft hseo ,uo lrte hs o'usl 78
essce?en
Arctli2eI. ts eh i neltletc paa ssciaavpcyei? t 79
Articled w 3ep. o saSinaht go euinlnettl l?e ct 82
Artli4ec.I t sh aeg etin nltleepacortftt eh s oul? 84
Artlie5cI .ts eh ree a ogneinnettl lferoec vte ryone? 87
Aritc6lI.em s e moryi ni nltle?e ct 89
Artlie7c.I i sn etletlcimveem oard yie fferncta piatfcoyrm 92
inetlelct?
Aritc8lI.ers e aasd oifenfr ecnatp yafr coimit tnlel?e ct 94
Contents vn
Aritc9lA.er hegi hearnl do wreera dsioisnnt ccatp iatcies?9 5
Aritc1l.0eI is ntieegnlclade if efrtec napafcorimit neytle tlc? 98
Aritc1l1eA .rse p ectuialvnaepd r acitniltcleaedlict sti nct 100
caapciiets?
Artlie1c .2I ssy ndeacr easpyiao scft ieh ti netlelcetp iavrt? 120
Artlie1c .3I cs onscaic eanpcyaoe cft i htiene tltliepvcaer t?1 30
Quetsi8o0n
TheA ppteitivinGe e naelr 105
Artlie1cS .h odua lptpiebtete r teeaads s pace icaalp acit1y60
ofteh s oul?
Aritc2lS.eh odua lptpiebtede i viidnetdo sensory18 0a nd
inetlleea cptepitviatsdes i,t icnacpta cities?
Quetsi8o1n
Sensuality 109
Artlie1cI .ss e nsusaoelllaiynat pytp ietpiovwee r? 190
Aritc2lI.ess e nsiutdyai lviidnettdhoie r aesa cnitdbh le Ill
counpcilseca,isds b iticnaacpctii ets?
Aritc3lD.eo t he iibralanecsd co ncupoibsercyeis abolne? 131
Quetsi8o2n
Will 115
Artlie1cD .o etshw eli hla vaep peesftro ia tnytihgno f 151
nescseity?
Arti2cD.lo eet sehw lihla vaep peesftro ia tltlihg nso f 171
nescseity?
Artlie3cI .ts eh w liall ftoicearp iattcyah ni neltletc? 191
Artilc4e. Dtohweelis ml o vteeh i neltlce?t 121
Artlie5cI .ts eh w lidli sgutsiihneidnt thoie r asacnidb le1 32
thceo ncsucpiible?
Quetsi8o3n
FreDee cision 126
Artlie1cD .o h umabnen ighsa vfeere dieocni?s 162
Artli2ecW .h aitfs er ed escoiina:c aapcyi,t aatcon,ra 192
disipotonis?
Contents
Vl11
Aritc3lI.efrs e e isdoienac na ppeittoirvac ego ntiicvaeap cyi?t1 03
Aritc4l.Iefr s e dee iscoint hsea mcea piyat ctaehsw lil or1 23
ad ifefrecnatpi yat?c
Ques8t4i on
WhaDto etshS eo uClo gnBiozideeT shr oguh? 134
Artlie1cD .o etsh e csoogunblio izdeets rh ouignehtle tlc? 143
Aritc2lD.eo etshs eo ule rusntbdaonddtirh eosghu i ts 173
essenocrter h ousgphie ecs?
Aritc3lA.er teeh s pesco iafel ilne ltlgiibtlihegn sn atalulyr 104
endowteotd h seuo l?
Aritc4l.De o i neltiglibesl pesce imaeneaf tormc retain 134
sepaatirem maitafelror msi,not tehs oul?
Artlie5cD .o eosus ro suele atlihglns t thihautetn derdsst 1a64n
int heeitre rnnaatlu res?
Aritc6l.De o etsehs oaucliq ruienl tiliegblgent icifrooonm 194
sentosina?
Arti7cD.lo eet shi etne llneedcep th atnasimnos r daecurtal ly1 25
tou nedsrtand?
ArtliecI ts8eh .i neltl'ejscu gtdmenitm pebdyoe bds truc1t55i on
tote hs enspoorwye rs?
Quetsi8o5n
Howt hIetn elUlnedcetrs taBnoddysTi h ilngasn,id nW haOtr de1r5 6
Aritc1lD.eo eosu irn ltleuencdte nrdbs yta abtsrcating 175
spieecfosrm p hatnasms?
Aritc2lA.er teeh i netlilgisbpleseca ibrescattfeordm 116
phantraeslmatstoo euidrne tlelcatst a hwth icihs
underosrat sto hobadytw hihcs ometihusin dnesgrt ood?
Arti3cD.lo eeo su irn lteenclatt uurnadlelryts htmeao nrde 156
univseafirlsr t?
Art4ic.Cl aeon u irne tllteihcnatkb omuotert ahno nteih ng1 96
atteh s ame time?
Artlie5cD .o es ionlutere'c ltstih nkoicncgtu rhrog uh 117
comopsiatniddoi niv oi?ns
Aritc6l.e tChaienne tlelcetr r? 173
Contents
lX
Aritc7lC.ea onn pee rusnodne rnsdtt hasea mteh ibnegt te1r57
thaanno ther?
Artilce8D .o eosu irn lteecclotgi nzteh ed iivnipsiriotbrol e1 67
thdei visible?
Quetsi8o6n
WhaOtu Irn etllCeocgitnz ienMs a teTrhiiangls 179
Artlie1cD .o eosu irn ltlecegocntzi en gsuilars? 197
Artli2ec D.o eosu irn ltleceocgitnz tehi en ifitne? 108
Aritc3lD.eo eosu irn ltlecegocntzi ec oingntenttih nsg? 128
Aritc4l.e Dooueirsn l tleceocgitnz tehf eut rue? 148
Quetsi8o7n
Howt hIetn ellSeocuCtloi gvinezI etesfsl a nd Tthihnewg ist Ihti1 n8 6
Artlie1c D.o etshi ene ltlcetisvoecu goln ziei etsltfh rgho u 168
itessn scee?
ArtliecH o2w.d oetehsi netllees cotuiglnv iectz ohe 109
dispoesxiitsiwtoihintnins g i t?
Artlie3cH .o wd oetehsi netllcegoncitiz teos w an ct? 191
Aritc4l.Heo wd oset ehi netllcegocntia znae c otfw li?l 139
Quetsi8o8n
Howt hSeo uClo ginzTehisn agbso ve It 195
Artlie1cC .a tnh heu masno uilni, ts st aotflfe iea ptr esen1t59,
undenrdis mtmaatseurbisatlia ntne hcmesvsee ls?
Arti2cC.la ent hheu masno ul krneoeawgdcleho f 200
immatseurbisatlta rhnochuet gshc ego nitoifmo ant erial
tihgn?s
Arctli3eI. Gs o dth teih nwgec ognfiisrzte? 220
Quetsi8o9n
TheS epaatrSedo usC lo'gnition 203
Artlie1c C.a nt hseo uunld raestnwdhe ns eapartfeordm 240
itsb ody?
Aritc2lD.eo eass e paatrseoduu nld earnssdet rpaate 270
substances?
Aritc3l.e Daso eepasat rseodcu olng ieez veriynitgnnh atur2e90?
Aritc4l.e Dsoeespae atdars ocuolg nsniigzuel ars? 210
Contents
x
Aritc5lD.eo etshd ei spositigoean qcaulri ehkden roew l2e1d2
remiani nas eapartseod?u l
Artilce6. Csaeanpar tase oduu slte eh d isposition2a41l
knoewgdlea cuiqrheedr e?
Artlie7c. Dsopeasdt iiasanetlci mpedase e paatrseodsu l' 215
cogintni?o
Artlie8c . sDoous lespa atrfeordm t ehibro dcigoensi tzehe 217
tihnstg hgaoto n rhee?
Commeanryt 220
Appen1d.Di ixtsn ictiobnest wseeennos bej ects 379
Appen2d.Di oxh umabne inhgasvf erc eheo ice? 383
Appen3d.Ti uxrn itnogw aprhdat snams 398
Appen4d.Pi arxt ilcasaur nudn ivasel rs 401
Appen5dT.i hxem entwaolr d 403
Appen6dT.ih xem indk'nso wdlegoe fi etlsf 407
Appen7d.Hi oxwt hseuo lr efloenic ttsse lf 410
Appen8d.Ti hxer eusrrecotfti hobeno dy 411
GuidteoE menaditons 413
GuidteoS ources 417
Biblipohyg ra 419
Index 428
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Thibso owkhi,c ihsi netnddf erot hcels asrmo,go reowu otfc lsases
offereodva e rmn bueoryf eaarStst J .o sseU pnihv'erasntideht U yni v­er
stiyo fC oloardoIh. a vbeee nfitedg rated aeaforlm t ehf eedabcIk
revceefdior ms utdeantbts o hti nstitutions.
Ih avael bseon efifotrmeg de nercomoumses nb tya na nomnoysu
reefreaesw, e alslfo r mc ommse nJbtffeyre yH autsahets uprastsheed
mergeelnye bryoaf u cast oofarlt eatnseA.tl olft ih fsee dbahcamksa de
thbeo omkuc h,m ucbhet teIra .l oswote ah nskt oZ enCounl verhouse
fro iasstsainnloc okegi a nsto mmea nussc.r ipt
HactkP eutibslihnCgo mp,ai nnty hpee rsoofBn irsa Rna akn Jda y
Hueltlhta,bs e eenxr teemlsyu ptpioovrfteih psor jefocrmtth es taFrort .
met ehiern caoegumrehnatfs ur htecrno firmetdeh w isdrpeeasdet ni­
mentth Haatc ektittse h b epshtloi soppehrsyis nt hbeu siness.
Id deictahtbieos ot kom ym othAelriH,cu ene trPas anuw,h moe ans
thweo lrdto m e-eveisnfeh n eevrge ptasps atg 5e!
Xl
INTRODUCTION
ThomAaqsiu n-amsedeivpahlli soophteehrog,li oa,fn iraarn,sd ia nt­
wabso rinns ohuetnrI tasloym etaiormuen1 d22 5A.tt htaitem e,v en
moert ahnn ow,i neltlueacbltrl iilanwcaeos fs livglahutte os omeone
nobto rinnt eh r igpahlctt eot, h rei gphatr eonftteh rs i,g sheAtxq .u inas
wafsro tnuaitene verrepyse cbte,i ngy ontugheseso ton fa w etahlfyma ­
illvyii ngt hhieen a rwtes tonefE r uorpeI.na ddint,hi eho atdeh
excegelgdyoi onfdrou tnoefl viigtn rhoghuo noeft hteh refeuo rpo reri ­
odisnw hicWhe tseprhni loshoapeshpx ye rnicdeei stg reafltoeussrth i­
1
igna ndd evoeplme.Wnhtaltag erpleyrc iitpattihedsde voemplen,t in
1t3h-cteunEruyr owpaets,h r ee coavndet raryn sliantoLti aotnoi fn all
thmeaj owro rokAfsr oitlsAetq.u iwnaaasls ae difnrogci ent e hs tuodfy
thwioskr a nidnt heeff rotto c nostraunAc rti sitaopnthi ellostohpahty
wouhladr nmzioew tiha ndp psoutrehtc ompxC lheriiastnatr dition
represbeytn hBtebie eldA, u guisntJeo,h Dna masceeP,nes u-dDoi­ony
suisa,n mda noyt hers.
Ovearn adb ohvsiev ariAoruiessil taconot mmenrtiabeisb,l i­cal com
mentarpioemlsie,ct arclsat a,n sdc holdasisptuitcaA tqiiuonsnwa sa,s
fmaosuf roh sim asess iyhvnetsoefCs hr isttehiooalgnay n pdhi losophy.
As ap orefssforomr a nyye aarttseh U nviesryio tfP ariasn ads f iraai rn
tehD omiicnaodnre dre,d eidct aoet dautciaonnpd r aecihnhge,w as
keeanwlayr teeh n oeefdt op resmeondtet rehnoo lgiyna c laera nadn
oragnizmaendne rH.si g reatebse-tsk otnawnned ffo ritnt i hrse escpt
was StuhmemT ahe oglioatehm,ea esrtipetcaheht ec oinntuweridtg i n
2
up tuianfl we m onhtsb feroehs id eha,t Moanr c7,h1 7 24.
1.Co nteoxftt heT reatise
Form edialete vhoglioasnusc ahsA qiunatsehs ,t uodfGy o dw aisn
lagerp atr sat uodfty h ceer atweoldr dS..tP auhlaw dr tietinnR omans
12.0t htahtie n vitshigibsonl fGe o adr cel leysa ereunn,d eords rottuohgh
thteh gistn hat hamvaedT ehb.iwe seav nsi ewaesakd i nodfc harfrot er
tehp rjoeocfnt a taultre hoolgyte:hp orjcetof u nderstGaonsdd 'ing
1I hamvien( 1d it) nh f euo rctehn tur(y2t )hl ea t1te3hr tahneeda rly
B.C.E.;
1t4hc etnrusi(e;3 t)hl ea t1te7har n tdh 1et8 hc entaudnrp ireheas(p;4s t) h e
2t0chn etury.
2For bai ogrsakphehs,tie ccPeaa ls annaSduih el(odftrsh cionmTgh)me.o st
autrhitotiaavdned etasitluieTdsodry r e19l9l6 )(.
Xll