Travel Medicine: Expert Consult - Online and Print, 3e PDF
Preview Travel Medicine: Expert Consult - Online and Print, 3e
Travel Medicine Content Strategist: Belinda Kuhn Content Development Specialist: Nani Clansey Content Coordinator: Sam Crowe/Trinity Hutton Project Manager: Vinod Kumar Iyyappan Design: Stewart Larking Illustration Manager: Jennifer Rose Marketing Manager(s) (UK/USA): Carla Holloway Travel Medicine T H I R D E D I T I O N Jay S. Keystone MD, MSc (CTM), FRCPC Professor of Medicine University of Toronto Senior Staff physician, Tropical Disease Unit Toronto General Hospital; Director, Medisys Travel Health clinic Toronto, ON, Canada David O. Freedman MD Professor Director, UAB Travelers Health Clinic The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA Phyllis E. Kozarsky MD Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases Co-Director Tropical and Travel Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA Bradley A. Connor MD Clinical Professor of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Weill Medical College of Cornell University Medical Director, The New York Center for Travel and Tropical Medicine New York, NY, USA Hans D. Nothdurft MD Professor Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Head, University Travel Clinic University of Munich Munich, Germany For additional online content visit expertconsult website SAUNDERS an imprint of Elsevier Inc. © 2013, Elsevier Inc All rights reserved. First edition 2004 Second edition 2008 The right of Keystone, Freedman, Kozarsky, Connor and Nothdurft to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Copyright © 2013, 2008, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Chapter 14: “Malaria: Epidemiology and Risk to the Traveler” by Gregory A. Deye and Alan J. Magill is in the Public Domain. Chapter 40: “Diving Medicine” by Karen J. Marienau and Paul M. Arguin is in the Public Domain. Chapter 55: “Eosinophilia” by Amy D. Klion is in the Public Domain Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experi- ence broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluat- ing and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to deter- mine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. ISBN: 978-1-4557-1076-8 Ebook ISBN: 978-1-4557-4543-2 Working together to grow libraries in developing countries www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org The publisher’s policy is to use paper manufactured from sustainable forests Printed in China Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Preface ‘We live in a wonderful world that is full of beauty, charm and practitioners; it needs greater incorporation into family medicine, adventure. There is no end to the adventures we can have if only we internal medicine, pediatrics, emergency medicine, occupational med- seek them with our eyes open.’ icine, and the specialty of infectious disease. With the success of the – Jawaharlal Nehru previous two editions of this book, we felt the need to provide both the novice and the more experienced travel medicine practitioner with ‘Stop worrying about the potholes in the road and celebrate the the most up-to-date knowledge in this burgeoning field. journey.’ This edition of Travel Medicine, like its predecessors, was designed to be a ‘how to’ book that can be read from beginning to end as a – Fitzhugh Mullan complete course in travel medicine. In addition, it is meant to be a Mullan mentions the ‘potholes in the road’ as a metaphor for the chal- reference textbook for those looking for the latest information in lenges associated with travel, which not infrequently include health the field. issues. Nehru was likely referring to the need to keep an open mind as This text is designed to enable practitioners to easily access informa- one experiences the often overwhelming sights, sounds and smells tion that might be required on a day-to-day basis, while at the same of adventures in the developing world. On the other hand, with time providing them with an approach to the most frequent problems some liberties as a travel medicine practitioner, one could interpret facing the ill returned traveler. Each chapter contains a list of key his remarks as indicating the need to be prepared to face the rigors of points that summarize the most important issues discussed within the travel. There is little doubt that physical and emotional challenges face chapter. We have selected authors from several continents in order to us when we venture outside of our ‘comfort-zones,’ and that the provide the reader with different points of view. We have added chap- optimal way of dealing with these challenges is to educate ourselves in ters that deal with special groups such as those attending mass gather- advance. ings, cruise ship travelers, displaced persons, as well as healthcare and In recent years, travel medicine has become a unique specialty that disaster workers. owes its origins to the marked increase in global travel for tourism, It is hoped that by using both a practical and evidence-based business, education, family reunification and migration, and the approach our experienced international authors have made this book health risks posed by these population movements. Knowledge of an essential resource for all travel health providers to keep close at travel medicine is no longer limited to tropical and travel medicine hand. List of Contributors Martin Alberer MD Deborah N. Barbeau MD, MSPH Michael Callahan MD, MSPH, DTM&H, Department of Tropical Medicine and Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine DMCC Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Clinical Associate Physician Ludwig-Maximilians-University Division of Infectious Diseases Division of Infectious Diseases Munich, Germany Tulane University Massachusetts General Hospital New Orleans, LA, USA Harvard Medical School Susan A. Anderson MD Boston, MA, USA Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine/ Elizabeth D. Barnett MD GeoSentinel Site Director CDC/ITSM Professor of Pediatrics Suzanne C. Cannegieter MD, PhD Urgent Care and Travel Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Clinical Epidemiologist Palo Alto Medical Foundation Director, International Clinic Leiden University Medical Center Palo Alto, CA, USA Boston Medical Center Leiden, The Netherlands Boston, MA, USA Vernon Ansdell MD, FRCP, DTM&H Francesco Castelli MD, FRCP, FFTM RCPS Associate Clinical Professor Trish Batchelor MD Professor of Infectious Diseases Department of Public Health Sciences and Medical Officer CIWEC Clinic Institute for Infectious and Tropical Epidemiology Former National Medical Director Diseases University of Hawaii The Travel Doctor TMVC University of Brescia Director, Tropical and Travel Medicine (Austrialia & New Zealand) Brescia, Italy Kaiser Permanente Hawaii C/O CIWEC Clinic Honolulu, HI, USA Kathmandu, Nepal Eric Caumes MD Professor Paul M. Arguin MD Ronald H. Behrens MB, ChB, MD, FRCP University Pierre et Marie Curie Medical Epidemiologist Senior Lecturer Department of Infectious and Tropical Centers for Disease Control Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases Diseases Mailstop G-13 London School of Hygiene and Tropical Teaching Hospital Pitie Salpetriere Atlanta, GA, USA Medicine Paris, France Consultant Physician James Aw MD Hospital for Tropical Diseases London Lin Hwei Chen MD Medical Director London, UK Director Medcan Clinic Travel Medicine Center Toronto, ON, Canada Jiri Beran MD Mount Auburn Hospital Head Cambridge, MA, USA Howard Backer MD, MPH Department for Tropical and Travel Director Medicine Jean-Francois Chicoine MD, FRCPC California Emergency Management Services Institute for Postgraduate Medical Paediatrician Authority (EMSA) Education in Prague Associate Professor Rancho Cordova, CA, USA Director Department of Paediatrics Vaccination and Travel Medicine Centre Adoption and International Health Clinic Michael Bagshaw MB, MRCS, FFOM, Poliklinika II CHU Sainte-Justine DAvMed Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic Scientific Director, Le monde est ailleurs Visiting Professor of Aviation Medicine Montreal, QC, Canada King’s College Gerd D. Burchard MD, Phd London, UK Professor Jan Clerinx MD Department Tropical Medicine / Infectious Consultant Roger A. Band MD Diseases Department of Clinical Sciences Assistant Professor University Medical Center Hamburg Institute of Tropical Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Hamburg, Germany Antwerp, Belgium Hospital of The University of Pennsylvania Department of Emergency Medicine Philadelphia, PA, USA x List of Contributors Bradley A. Connor MD David O. Freedman MD Peter H. Hackett MD Clinical Professor of Medicine Professor Clinical Professor Division of Gastroenterology and Director, UAB Travelers Health Clinic Department of Emergency Medicine Hepatology The University of Alabama at Birmingham University of Colorado, Denver Weill Medical College of Cornell University Birmingham, AL, USA Director Medical Director, The New York Center for Institute for Altitude Medicine, Travel and Tropical Medicine Kenneth L. Gamble MD Telluride, CO, USA New York, NY, USA Lecturer University of Toronto Davidson H. Hamer MD Gregory A. Deye MD President, Missionary Health Institute Professor of International Health and Investigator Toronto, ON, Canada Medicine Division of Experimental Therapeutics Schools of Public Health and Medicine Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Pier F. Giorgetti MD Director, Travel Clinic Boston Medical Military Malaria Research Program Institute for Infectious Diseases Center Silver Spring, MD, USA University of Brescia Center for Global Health and Brescia, Italy Development, Thomas E. Dietz MD Boston University Affiliate Assistant Professor Jeff Goad PharmD, MPH Boston, MA, USA Department of Family Medicine Associate Professor of Clinical Pharmacy Oregon Health & Science University University of Southern California School of Stephen Hargarten MD, MPH Portland, OR, USA Pharmacy Professor and Chair Titus Family Department of Clinical Emergency Medicine Yoram Epstein PhD Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Economics Director, Injury Research Center Professor of Physiology and Policy Medical College of Wisconsin Heller Institute of Medical Research Los Angeles, CA, USA Milwaukee, WI, USA Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer Alfons Van Gompel MD Christoph F. R. Hatz MD Sackler Faculty of Medicine Associate Professor Professor Tel Aviv University Department of Clinical Sciences Department of Medicine and Diagnostics Tel Aviv, Israel Institute of Tropical Medicine Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Antwerp, Belgium Basel, Switzerland Charles D. Ericsson MD Division of Communicable Diseases Professor of Medicine Larry Goodyer MPharmS, PhD Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine Head, Clinical Infectious Diseases Professor University of Zurich Director, Travel Medicine Clinic Head of the Leicester School of Pharmacy Zurich, Switzerland Director, Infectious Disease Fellowship Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Program De Montfort University Deborah M. Hawker PhD, DClinPsy University of Texas Medical School at Leicester, UK Clinical Psychologist Houston Psychological Health Houston, TX, USA Sandra Grieve RGN, RM, BSc (Hons), Dip InterHealth Trav Med, FFTM, RCPS (Glasg.) London, UK Philip R. Fischer MD Independent Travel Health Specialist Nurse Professor of Pediatrics Alcester, Warwickshire, UK Carter D. Hill MD Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Clinical Associate Professor Mayo Clinic Martin P. Grobusch MD, MSc (Lond), Department of Medicine Rochester, MN, USA FRCP (Lond), DTM&H (Lond) University of Washington Full Professor (Chair) of Tropical Medicine Medical Director Mark S. Fradin MD Head, Tropencentrum Holland America Line Adjunct Clinical Associate Professor of Division of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Emergency Physician Dermatology Medicine and AIDS Highline Medical Center Department of Dermatology Department of Medicine Seattle, WA, USA University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Amsterdam Medical Center Chapel Hill, NC, USA University of Amsterdam David R. Hill MD, DTM&H, FRCP, FFTM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands FASTM Tifany Frazer MPH Visiting Professor, Institute of Tropical Professor of Medical Sciences Global Health Program Manager Diseases Director of Global Public Health Institute for Health and Society University of Tuebingen, Germany Frank H. Netter MD, School of Medicine Medical College of Wisconsin Visiting Professor, Division of Infectious Quinnipiac University Milwaukee, WI, USA Diseases Hamden, CT, USA Department of Internal Medicine University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, South Africa List of Contributors xi Kevin C. Kain MD, FRCPC Karin Leder MBBS, FRACP, PhD, MPH, Marc Mendelson BSc, MBBS, PhD, FRCP, Professor of Medicine DTM&H DTM&H University of Toronto Associate Professor Associate Professor Canada Research Chair in Molecular Head of Infectious Disease Epidemiology Head of Division of Infectious DIseases and Parasitology Unit HIV Medicine Director, SAR Labs, Sandra Rotman Centre Department of Epidemiology and Department of Medicine for Global Health Preventive Medicine University of Cape Town University Health Network-Toronto School of Public Health and Preventive Cape Town, South Africa General Hospital Medicine Toronto, ON, Canada Monash University Maria D. Mileno MD Melbourne, VIC, Australia Associate Professor of Medicine Jay S. Keystone MD, MSc (CTM), FRCPC Brown University Professor C. Virginia Lee MD, MPH, MA Director, Travel Medicine Service Tropical Disease Unit Travelers Health Branch The Miriam Hospital The Toronto General Hospital Division of Global Migration & Providence, RI, USA Toronto, ON, Canada Quarantine (DGMQ) National Center for Emerging & Zoonotic Daniel S. Moran PhD Amy D. Klion MD Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), CDC Associate Professor Faculty of Health Investigator Atlanta, USA Sciences Eosinophil Pathology Unit Ariel University Center Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases Thomas Löscher MD, DTM&H Ariel, Israel Bethesda, MD, USA Professor of Internal Medicine Director Anne E. McCarthy MD FRCPC, DTM&H Herwig Kollaritsch MD Department of Infectious Diseases and Associate Professor of Medicine Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases Tropical Medicine University of Munich Director, Office of Global Health Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology Munich, Germany Faculty of Medicine and Immunology Director, Tropical Medicine and Medical University of Vienna Sheila M. Mackell MD International Health Clinic Vienna, Austria Pediatrician & Travel Medicine Consultant University of Ottawa Mountain View Pediatrics Ottawa, ON, Canada Phyllis E. Kozarsky MD Flagstaff Medical Centre Professor of Medicine Flagstaff, AZ, USA Susan L. F. McLellan MD, MPH Department of Medicine and Infectious Associate Professor of Medicine Diseases Alan J. Magill MD, FACP, FIDSA, FASTMH Infectious Diseases Section Co-Director, Tropical and Travel Medicine Program Manager School of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Division of Experimental Therapeutics Department of Tropical Medicine, SPHTM Atlanta, GA, USA Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Tulane University Health Sciences Center COL U.S. Army (retired) New Orleans, LA, USA Susan M. Kuhn MD, MSc, DTM&H, Defense Advanced Research Projects FRCPC Agency (DARPA) Hans D. Nothdurft MD Associate Professor Silver Spring, MD, USA Associate Professor Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine Department of Infectious Diseases and University of Calgary Karen J. Marienau MD, MPH Tropical Medicine Alberta Children’s Hospital Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Head, University Travel Clinic Calgary, AB, Canada Center for Emerging and Zoonotic University of Munich Infectious Diseases Munich, Germany Beth Lange MB, ChB Division of Global Migration and Otolaryngologist Quarantine Philippe Parola MD, PhD Alberta Health Care Services St Paul, MN, USA Professor of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Calgary, AB, Canada Medicine Alberto Matteelli MD Faculty of Medicine William L. Lang MD Head, Unit of Community Infections Aix-Marseille University Senior Medical Director Department of Infectious Diseases Marseille, France BioMarin Pharmaceuticals Brescia University Hospital Arlington, VA, USA Brescia, Italy Susanne M. Pechel MD Director Ted Lankester MB, Chir, MRCGP, FFTM, Fit for Travel – Editorial Department RCPSG InterMEDIS GmbH Director of Health Services Munich, Germany InterHealth London, UK xii List of Contributors Yoram A. Puius MD, PhD John W. Sanders MD Robert Steffen MD Assistant Professor Commanding Officer Emeritus Professor Department of Medicine Naval Medical Research Unit Six University of Zurich Albert Einstein College of Medicine Lima, Peru; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine Attending Physician Assistant Professor Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Division of Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease Division of Communicable Diseases Montefiore Medical Center Uniformed Services University WHO Collaborating Centre for Travellers’ Bronx, NY, USA Bethesda, MD, USA Health Zurich, Switzerland Veronica Del Punta MD Patricia Schlagenhauf PhD, PD Adjunct Professor, Epidemiology and Resident Physician Senior Lecturer, Research Scientist Disease Prevention Division Post-Graduate Specialization School in University of Zürich Centre for Travel University of Texas School of Public Health Tropical Medicine Medicine Houston, TX, USA Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases WHO Collaborating Centre for Travelers’ University of Brescia Health Kathryn N. Suh MD, FRCPC Brescia, Italy Zürich, Switzerland Associate Professor of Medicine University of Ottawa Pamela Rendi-Wagner MD, MSc, Eli Schwartz MD, DTM&H Division of Infectious Diseases DTM&H Professor (clinical) of Medicine The Ottawa Hospital Civic Campus Associate Professor Head of The Center for Geographic Ottawa, ON, Canada Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Medicine and Tropical Diseases Tropical Medicine Chaim Sheba Medical Center Andrea P. Summer MD MSCR Medical University Vienna Tel Hashomer Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Vienna, Austria Sackler School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics Tel Aviv University Medical University of South Carolina Mark S. Riddle MD, MPH&TM, DrPH Tel Aviv, Israel Charleston, SC, USA Deputy Head Enteric Diseases Department NMRC Evelyn Sharpe MB BCh MRCPsych, Linda R. Taggart MD, FRCPC Silver Spring, MD, USA MFTM RCPSGlasg Fellow Consultant Psychiatrist Division of Infectious Diseases Frits Rosendaal MD Psychological Health Services University of Toronto Department of Clinical Epidemiology InterHealth Toronto, ON, Canada Leiden University Medical Center London, UK Leiden, The Netherlands David N. Taylor MD, MS David R. Shlim MD Chief Medical Officer Gail A. Rosselot NP, MPH, COHN-S, Medical Director Vaxlnnate Corporation FAANP Jackson Hole Travel and Tropical Medicine Cranbury, NJ, USA President Kelly, WY, USA Travel Well of Westchester Inc. Shiri Tenenboim MD, MSc Int’l Health Briarcliff Manor Gerard J.B. Sonder MD, PhD (MIH), DTM&H New York, NY, USA Director National Co-ordination Medical Doctor (Dr.), Cancer Center Center for Travelers Health Advice (LCR) Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Edward T. Ryan MD, DTM&H Department of Infectious Diseases Tel Hashomer, Israel Director Public Health Service Amsterdam Tropical Medicine Amsterdam, The Netherlands Dominique Tessier MD, CCFP, FCFP Division of Infectious Diseases Co-President Massachusetts General Hospital Mike Starr MBBS, FRACP Bleu, Réseau d’experts Professor of Medicine Paediatrician, Infectious Diseases Physician Medical Director Harvard Medical School Consultant in Emergency Medicine Clinique santé voyage of the Family Boston, MA, USA Director of Paediatric Physician Training Medicine group Quartier Latin Head of Travel Clinic Associate Professor Nuccia Saleri MD, PhD Royal Children’s Hospital Family Medicine Department Professor Melbourne, Australia University of Montreal Appropriated Methodologies and Montreal, QC, Canada Techniques International Cooperation for Development Joseph Torresi MBBS, B.Med.Sci, FRACP, University of Brescia PhD Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases Associate Professor Brescia, Italy Department of Infectious Diseases Austin Hospital The University of Melbourne Heidelberg, VIC, Australia List of Contributors xiii Thomas H. Valk MD, MPH Ursula Wiedermann MD, PhD Mary E. Wilson MD President Professor Associate Professor VEI, Incorporated Head of Institute of Specific Prophylaxis Department of Global Health and Marshall, VA, USA and Tropical Medicine Population Medical University of Vienna Harvard School of Public Health Eric L. Weiss MD, DTM&H Vienna, Austria Boston, MA, USA Associate Clinical Professor Emergency Medicine & Infectious Diseases Annelies Wilder-Smith MD, PhD, MIH, Stanford University School of Medicine DTM&H Stanford, USA Mercator Professor Director of Teaching Institute of Public Health University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
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