Travel Journalism: Exploring Production, Impact and Culture PDF
Preview Travel Journalism: Exploring Production, Impact and Culture
Travel Journalism This page intentionally left blank Travel Journalism Exploring Production, Impact and Culture Edited by Folker Hanusch Queensland University of Technology, Australia and Elfriede Fürsich Boston College, USA Introduction, selection and editorial matter © Folker Hanusch and Elfriede Fürsich 2014 Individual chapters © Contributors 2014 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2014 978-1-137-32597-6 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identifi ed as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2014 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-45959-9 ISBN 978-1-137-32598-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137325983 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Travel journalism : exploring production, impact and culture / [editors] Folker Hanusch, Queensland University of Technology, Australia ; Elfriede Fürsich, Boston College, USA. pages cm Includes bibliographical references. 1. Travel journalism. 2. Travel journalism—Study and teaching. I. Hanusch, Folker, 1975– editor. II. Fürsich, Elfriede, 1967– editori. PN4784.T73T73 2014 070.4'4991—dc23 2014024793 Typeset by MPS Limited, Chennai, India. Contents List of Figures and Tables vii Acknowledgments viii Notes on Contributors x 1 On the Relevance of Travel Journalism: An Introduction 1 Folker Hanusch and Elfriede Fürsich Part I M apping the Terrain: Strategies for Studying Travel Journalism 19 2 People on the Move: Travel Journalism, Globalization and Mobility 21 Elfriede Fürsich and Anandam P. Kavoori 3 Armchair Tourism : The Travel Series as a Hybrid Genre 39 Maja Sonne Damkjaer and Anne Marit Waade 4 Framing Tourism Destination Image: Extension of Stereotypes in and by Travel Media 60 Steve Pan and Cathy H. C. Hsu Part II E xploring the Producers: Professional Expectations, Routines and Markets 81 5 Travel Journalism in Flux: New Practices in the Blogosphere 83 Bryan Pirolli 6 First-Person Singular: Teaching Travel Journalism in the Age of TripAdvisor 99 Andrew Duffy 7 Have Traveled, Will Write: User-Generated Content and New Travel Journalism 116 Usha Raman and Divya Choudary 8 Going with the Flow: Chinese Travel Journalism in Transition 134 Jiannu Bao v vi Contents Part III D estination Unknown: Content and Representations 153 9 Along Similar Lines: Does Travel Content Follow Foreign News Flows? 155 Folker Hanusch 10 ‘Out there’: Travel Journalism and the Negotiation of Cultural Difference 176 Ben Cocking 11 Authorizing Others: Portrayals of Middle Eastern Destinations in Travel Media 193 Christine N. Buzinde, Eunice Eunjung Yoo and C. Bjørn Peterson Part IV ( Dark) Histories, Sustainability, Cosmopolitanism: The Old and New Politics of Travel Journalism 211 12 Representations of Interconnectedness: A Cosmopolitan Framework for Analyzing Travel Journalism 213 Wiebke Schoon 13 Your Threat or Mine? Travel Journalists and Environmental Problems 231 Lyn McGaurr 14 The Spectacle of Past Violence: Travel Journalism and Dark Tourism 249 Brian Creech Name Index 267 Subject Index 271 List of Figures and Tables Figures 3.1 Travel series 40 3.2 Travel series sub-genres 48 4.1 Perceptual map of media image dimensions and destinations 73 4.2 Destinations’ travel media images on physical map 74 Tables 3.1 Results of coding and analysis: travel series aired on DR1, DR2, TV2, TV2 Zulu, TV2 Charlie, and TV3, 1988–2005 50 3.2 Distribution of the travel series types aired on DR1, DR2, TV2, TV2 Zulu, TV2 Charlie and TV3, 1988–2005 52 4.1 Distribution of terms denoting perceived destination image 69 4.2 Results of correspondence analysis 70 4.3 Variety and quantity of travel magazines reports 76 8.1 Development of travel journalism in China, 1978–2012 143 9.1 Coverage of world regi ons by country (in per cent) 162 9.2 Top 10 destinations overall 165 9.3 Top 10 story and tourism by country 166 12.1 Conceptual framework to systematize journalistic content that transcends the one-dimensional national context 223 vii Acknowledgments ‘In your face’: Our book cover shows the production of one of the most typical visuals of tourist encounters, the close-up of an ‘exotic’ person. While we all have seen these types of photos in travel magazines, on this cover we experience the awkwardness and maybe absurdity of the encounter between photographer and ‘model’. But it was especially the expression of the man that made us pause. A member of the Huli tribe in Papua New Guinea, he is part of a cultural performance staged for tourists. His expression is puzzling: proud, resigned, bewildered or even defiant. In one split second we see the complexity of the host and tourist/journalist interaction. The moment raises questions about authenticity, power, gender and technology that confound contem- porary tourism and the work of travel journalists. It was exactly this complexity that triggered our interest in the topic of travel journalism. This book brings an end to a journey that took shape almost three years ago, when we first discussed the slowly growing amount of travel journalism scholarship. Having both completed major projects on the topic, at times we had been frustrated with the fact that there was little academic work engaging with what we saw as an increasingly impor- tant area. Yet recent publications had given us hope that the field was approaching a critical mass. The idea was thus born to take stock of where we were, and to explore the way forward. The response to our ideas was tremendous, with a number of emerging and established scholars accepting our invitation to contribute chapters. We would like to thank them all for their dedication to this project, the insights they shared with us and their openness to our feedback. We would also like to thank Palgrave Macmillan’s commissioning editor, Felicity Plester, who took up our idea with much enthusiasm. She was a great supporter of the project from the moment we proposed it. We also appreciate the thorough work of the editing and produc- tion team at Palgrave Macmillan, especially Chris Penfold who expertly guided the book through the preparation and production phases. The two external reviewers also provided much-appreciated comments. In addition, Folker would like to thank the University of the Sunshine Coast, which funded a number of his earlier projects on travel journal- ism, thus enabling him to explore a field that captivated him ever since working as a travel agent after high school. Thanks are also due to the viii Acknowledgments ix many colleagues who gave him feedback on his work as reviewers of journal submissions and at conferences. Finally, Folker owes gratitude to his wife Stephanie, for providing the original inspiration to conduct studies in this area. After he had been investigating news representations of death for a number of years, it was she who urged him to explore something a bit more positive and ‘fun’, like travel journalism. He is glad he took up the challenge. Elfriede would like to thank John Hartley, the editor of International Journal of Cultural Studies, who published her first article on travel jour- nalism. She is also indebted to her student assistants at Boston College who helped with the research over the years. Moreover, the continued support of Boston College and current and former colleagues at the Communication Department, in particular chair Lisa Cuklanz, has been instrumental. Her husband CB Bhattacharya always seems to be plan- ning a trip to somewhere and keeps the family going with his question ‘Where should we go next?’ Her gratitude goes to him and their son Felix. Both will always be her favorite travel companions. Much work remains to be done in the ongoing development of the field of travel journalism, particularly as the practice and profession grows further around the globe. We hope that this volume provides a helpful update on the state of the field, generating ideas and inspiration for future work.
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