Traumatic Brain Injury: Rehabilitation, Treatment, and Case Management, Fourth Edition

785 Pages·2018·40.52 MB·English

by  Mark J. Ashley

Traumatic Brain Injury
Rehabilitation, Treatment, and Case Management,
Fourth Edition
http://taylorandfrancis.com
Traumatic Brain Injury
Rehabilitation, Treatment, and Case Management,
Fourth Edition
Edited by
Mark J. Ashley
David A. Hovda
CRC Press
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Contents
Preface vii
Acknowledgments ix
Editors xi
Contributors xiii
PArt 1 NEUrOSCIENCE 1
1 Bioscience indications for chronic disease management and neuromedical interventions following traumatic
brain injury 3
Mark J. Ashley, Grace S. Griesbach, David L. Ripley, and Matthew J. Ashley
2 The neurobiology of traumatic brain injury 31
Thomas C. Glenn, Richard L. Sutton, and David A. Hovda
3 Repeat traumatic brain injury models 43
Mayumi Prins
4 Neuroplasticity and rehabilitation therapy 57
Robert P. Lehr, Jr.
5 Environmental enrichment: A preclinical model of neurorehabilitation for traumatic brain injury 67
Corina O. Bondi and Anthony E. Kline
6 Neuroanatomy of basic cognitive function 77
Mark J. Ashley, Jessica G. Ashley, and Matthew J. Ashley
7 TBI rehabilitation: Lessons learned from animal studies about mechanisms, timing, and combinatorial approaches 107
Dorothy A. Kozlowski
8 Diet and exercise interventions to promote metabolic homeostasis in TBI pathology 117
Fernando Gómez-Pinilla
9 Disruptions in physical substrates of vision following traumatic brain injury 135
Richard E. Helvie
10 Potential utility of resting state fMRI–determined functional connectivity to guide neurorehabilitation 157
Neil G. Harris and Jessica G. Ashley
11 TBI and sensory sensitivity: Translational opportunities 163
Timothy W. Ellis, Jr. and Jonathan Lifshitz
12 The neuroimaging challenges in hemispherectomy patients 169
Zachary Jacokes, Avnish Bhattrai, Carinna Torgerson, Andrew Zywiec, Sumiko Abe, Andrei Irimia, Meng Law,
Saman Hazany, and John Darrell Van Horn
PArt 2 MEDICAL 179
13 Clinical management of the minimally conscious state 181
Yelena G. Bodien, Sabrina R. Taylor, and Joseph T. Giacino
14 Neuropharmacologic considerations in the treatment of vegetative state and minimally conscious state
following brain injury 193
Deborah L. Doherty
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vi Contents
15 Clinical management of pituitary dysfunction after traumatic brain injury 213
Adam H. Maghrabi, Brent E. Masel, Randall J. Urban, and David L. Ripley
16 Neurotransmitters and pharmacology 223
Ronald A. Browning and Richard W. Clough
17 Pituitary dysfunction after traumatic brain injury 277
Tiffany Greco
18 Increasing physiologic readiness to improve functional independence following neurotrauma 295
Gregory J. O’Shanick and Ryan McQueen
19 Assessment and management of mild traumatic brain injury 303
Mark J. Ashley and Matthew J. Ashley
20 Chronic traumatic encephalopathy 317
Ann C. McKee
21 Posttraumatic epilepsy and neurorehabilitation 333
Theresa D. Hernández, Sudha S. Tallavajhula, Kristina T. Legget, and Paul M. Levisohn
PArt 3 tHErAPY 355
22 Evaluation of traumatic brain injury following acute rehabilitation 357
Mark J. Ashley
23 Neuropsychology following brain injury: A pragmatic approach to outcomes, treatment, and applications 381
James J. Mahoney, III, Stephanie D. Bajo, Anthony P. De Marco, and Donna K. Broshek
24 Neuropsychological interventions following traumatic brain injury 393
Jason W. Krellman, Theodore Tsaousides, and Wayne A. Gordon
25 The use of applied behavior analysis in traumatic brain injury rehabilitation 411
Craig S. Persel and Chris H. Persel
26 Rehabilitation and management of visual dysfunction following traumatic brain injury 451
Penelope S. Suter
27 Remediative approaches for cognitive disorders after TBI 487
Mark J. Ashley, Rose Leal, Zenobia Mehta, Jessica G. Ashley, and Matthew J. Ashley
28 Principles of cognitive rehabilitation in TBI: An integrative neuroscience approach 513
Fofi Constantinidou and Robin D. Thomas
29 Management of residual physical deficits 541
Velda L. Bryan, David W. Harrington, and Michael G. Elliott
30 Undertaking vocational rehabilitation in TBI rehabilitation 577
Mark J. Ashley, Amy Berryman, Karen Rasavage, and Joe Ninomiya, Jr.
PArt 4 CASE MANAGEMENt 603
31 Contribution of the neuropsychological evaluation to traumatic brain injury rehabilitation 605
Jay M. Uomoto
32 Neurobehavioral consequences of mild traumatic brain injury in military service members and veterans 631
Jay M. Uomoto, Sarah M. Wilson, Rhonda M. Williams, and Leigh A. Randa
33 Issues in aging following traumatic brain injury 653
Grace S. Griesbach, Mark J. Ashley, and Alan Weintraub
34 Children and adolescents: Practical strategies for school participation and transition 675
Roberta DePompei and Janet Siantz Tyler
35 Long-term discharge planning in traumatic brain injury rehabilitation 695
Mark J. Ashley and Susan M. Ashley
36 Patients’ rights and responsibilities, health care reform, and telehealth: Ethical considerations 725
Thomas R. Kerkhoff and Stephanie L. Hanson
Index 737
Preface
In the late 1970s, the notion that an individual with an to a disease entity of a chronic nature is changing the dis-
acquired brain injury could expect further recovery of func- cussion of diagnosis, management, treatment, and outcome
tion beyond 6 months postinjury was foreign. Treatment assessment. Disease specification that differentiates TBIs
was predominantly rendered for long periods in inpatient by the mechanism of injury, the exact nature of the injury,
rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) with long-term dispositions the extent of the injury, the presence of comorbidities and
consisting of skilled nursing facilities, psychiatric hospi- their exact nature, gender, age, race, and genome is emerg-
tals, jail, the street, or home. Lengths of stay in IRFs could ing as crucial. There was a time when cancer was an undif-
be protracted, ranging up to 6 months or longer. Hospital ferentiated disease. Disease differentiation has consequently
complications were common, and treatment often included impacted diagnosis, treatment, and outcome.
strong psychotropic mediation, premature surgeries for The intended legacy of this text has always been to pro-
oculomotor dysfunction and heterotopic ossification, grim vide comprehensive diagnostic and treatment guidance
prognostication, and minimalistic allied health involve- for professionals at all levels of practice and experience.
ment culminating in significant long-term disability. Earlier editions focused on the role of medical and allied
As neuroscientists began to incorporate more inten- health professionals, case managers, legal professionals, and
sive therapeutic interventions, recognition burgeoned that caregivers. This edition adds the role of the neuroscientist
improvement was possible. Treatment techniques were as an important provocateur of innovation in treatment
borrowed from cerebral palsy, development disability, and and chronic disease management. It is no longer sufficient
stroke, and the treatment setting design became viewed to simply treat a person to be able to eat, walk, and talk.
as an ecologically important contributor to treatment out- We must push our field and all stakeholders to maximize
comes. The brain was essentially a “black box” conundrum recovery, minimize disability, and prevent or mitigate neu-
with the best information about its function arising from rodegenerative processes that contribute to the pathogen-
lesional observation and physiological studies that inferred esis and/or acceleration of neurological diseases. This text
function. is intended to serve as a ready reference tool, contribute to
Now, neuroscience has matured at a remarkable pace, professional growth of its reader, stimulate innovation and
shedding far more exacting light on mechanisms of neuro- research, and promote continuing refinement of manage-
physiology, pathophysiology of injury, neuroendocrinology, ment of the diseases of acquired brain injury.
neuroimmunology, neuroplasticity, neuropharmacology, There is no other disease that so completely and suddenly
and neurodegenerative processes. Individuals with acquired renders competent people of all ages and walks of life vul-
brain injury are treated earlier and achieve far better recov- nerable and unable to advocate for themselves. Of impor-
ery when financial support is available and uninterrupted. tance here is the recovery of the mind as well as the body.
Sadly, we recognize that a chief determinant of whether an The disease destroys families, careers, and life aspirations.
individual will receive rehabilitation services remains tied No other disease is referred to as “living death.” No other
to socioeconomic status rather than a proscribed clinical disease requires the remarkable multitude of neuroscience,
pathway for treatment as is found in nearly all other aspects medical, allied health, case management, insurance, legal,
of medicine. religious, and social service professionals’ involvement and
The fourth edition of this text constitutes a continuation coordination. The unprotected and neglected nature of life
of 20 years of coverage of traumatic brain injury and broad- for injured individuals and their families after acquired
ens the discussion of acquired brain injury. Within TBI, the brain injury commands our empathy, compassion, atten-
paradigm shift from an injury occurring at a point in time tion, and advocacy.
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Acknowledgments
This text has been in continuous print for more than two It is with great appreciation that I acknowledge all the authors
decades, and the fourth edition promises to extend its run that submitted chapters for our book, Traumatic Brain
considerably. This endeavor has required the support of Injury, Fourth Edition. I especially wish to thank the number
many. of basic scientists who made critical contributions and have
First, I am tremendously grateful to Dr. David Hovda given the reader a current status of plasticity and recovery
for coediting this edition with me. Dr. Hovda’s vision for as well as a glance at the future for potential recovery from
translating bench neuroscience lessons into potential clini- this devastating injury.
cal applications enabled the participation of many of this I have had the pleasure of coauthoring and editing sev-
edition’s contributors. It has been a highlight in my career eral texts over my career, and I must say I have thoroughly
to work with this fine scholar and remarkable gentleman. enjoyed my association with Dr. Mark Ashley, who truly
Next, I am indebted to the many contributors contained was the mastermind behind this text. Had it not been for
herein and in previous editions. Their contributions have his dedication and enthusiasm for the topic, this fourth edi-
been timely and have served to educate many professionals. tion would not have come to the light of day. Consequently,
This edition could not have come about without the favors of on behalf of all of our students, faculty, researchers, clini-
both these authors and colleagues with whom I work. Their cians, and current and future patients, I would like to thank
competence and willingness have provided all the time and each author who contributed chapters as well as Dr. Mark
resources necessary to both compile their contributions and Ashley for making this remarkable text come to the fore-
make my own chapter preparations. Additionally, many of front as it truly is a seminal contribution to the field.
the illustrations were created by Craig and Betsy Persel for
earlier editions and remain relevant today. David A. Hovda, PhD
Of course, works like these invade family time. My wife, Professor
Sue, and my children, Matt, Jessica, Nick, Lindsay, and Neurosurgery Molecular and Medical Pharmacology
Ben, have been sure to keep me grounded and engaged in Director of the UCLA Brain Injury Research Center
our wonderful family life and enjoying our seven beauti- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
ful grandchildren. They have been patient, supportive, and
accommodating, sacrificing vacation time and accepting
my distracted nature.
Mark J. Ashley, Sc.D., CCC-SLP, CCM, CBIST
President/CEO
Centre for Neuro Skills
ix