Trauma and Public Memory PDF
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PalgraveMacmillanMemoryStudies SeriesEditors:AndrewHoskinsandJohnSutton International Advisory Board: Steven Brown, University of Leicester, UK, Mary Carruthers, NewYorkUniversity,USA,PaulConnerton,UniversityofCambridge,UK,AstridErll,University ofWuppertal,Germany,RobynFivush,EmoryUniversity,USA,TilmannHabermas,University ofFrankfurtamMain,Germany,JeffreyOlick,UniversityofVirginia,USA,SusannahRadstone, UniversityofEastLondon,UK,AnnRigney,UtrechtUniversity,Netherlands Thenascentfieldofmemorystudiesemergesfromcontemporarytrendsthatincludeashiftfrom concernwithhistoricalknowledgeofeventstothatofmemory,from‘whatweknow’to‘howwe rememberit’;changesingenerationalmemory;therapidadvanceoftechnologiesofmemory;panic overdecliningpowersofmemory,whichmirrorsourfascinationwiththepossibilitiesofmemory enhancement;andthedevelopmentoftraumanarrativesinreshapingthepast. Thesefactorshavecontributedtoanintensificationofpublicdiscoursesonourpastoverthelast 30years.Technological,political,interpersonal,socialandculturalshiftsaffectwhat,howandwhy peopleandsocietiesrememberandforget.Thisgroundbreakingseriestacklesquestionssuchas: Whatis‘memory’undertheseconditions?Whatareitsprospects,andalsotheprospectsforits interdisciplinaryandsystematicstudy?Whataretheconceptual,theoreticalandmethodological toolsforitsinvestigationandillumination? Titlesinclude: MatthewAllen THELABOUROFMEMORY MemorialCultureand7/7 SilkeArnold-deSimine MEDIATINGMEMORYINTHEMUSEUM Empathy,Trauma,Nostalgia RebeccaBramall THECULTURALPOLITICSOFAUSTERITY PastandPresentinAustereTimes IritDekel MEDIATIONATTHEHOLOCAUSTMEMORIALINBERLIN AnneFuchs AFTERTHEDRESDENBOMBING PathwaysofMemory1945tothePresent IrialGlynnandJ.OlafKleist(editors) HISTORY,MEMORYANDMIGRATION PerceptionsofthePastandthePoliticsofIncorporation JaneGoodallandChristopherLee(editors) TRAUMAANDPUBLICMEMORY AndreaHajek NEGOTIATINGMEMORIESOFPROTESTINWESTERNEUROPE TheCaseofItaly AmyHoldsworth TELEVISION,MEMORYANDNOSTALGIA JasonJames PRESERVATIONANDNATIONALBELONGINGINEASTERNGERMANY HeritageFetishismandRedeemingGermanness SaraJones THEMEDIAOFTESTIMONY RememberingtheEastGermanStasiintheBerlinRepublic EmilyKeightleyandMichaelPickering THEMNEMONICIMAGINATION RememberingasCreativePractice AmandaLagerkvist MEDIAANDMEMORYINNEWSHANGHAI WesternPerformancesofFuturesPast PhilipLeeandPradipNinanThomas(editors) PUBLICMEMORY,PUBLICMEDIAANDTHEPOLITICSOFJUSTICE EricaLehrer,CynthiaE.MiltonandMonicaEileenPatterson(editors) CURATINGDIFFICULTKNOWLEDGE ViolentPastsinPublicPlaces OrenMeyers,EyalZandbergandMottiNeiger COMMUNICATINGAWE Media,MemoryandHolocaustCommemoration AnneMarieMonchamp AUTOBIOGRAPHICALMEMORYINANABORIGINALAUSTRALIANCOMMUNITY Culture,PlaceandNarrative KatharinaNiemeyer(editor) MEDIAANDNOSTALGIA YearningforthePast,PresentandFuture MargaritaSaona MEMORYMATTERSINTRANSITIONALPERU AnnaSaundersandDebbiePinfold(editors) REMEMBERINGANDRETHINKINGTHEGDR MultiplePerspectivesandPluralAuthenticities V.Seidler REMEMBERINGDIANA CulturalMemoryandtheReinventionofAuthority BryoniTrezise PERFORMINGFEELINGINCULTURESOFMEMORY EvelynB.TribbleandNicholasKeene COGNITIVEECOLOGIESANDTHEHISTORYOFREMEMBERING Religion,EducationandMemoryinEarlyModernEngland BarbieZelizerandKerenTenenboim-Weinblatt(editors) JOURNALISMANDMEMORY PalgraveMacmillanMemoryStudies SeriesStandingOrderISBN978–0–230–23851–0(hardback) 978–0–230–23852–7(paperback) (outsideNorthAmericaonly) Youcanreceivefuturetitlesinthisseriesastheyarepublishedbyplacingastandingorder.Please contactyourbookselleror,incaseofdifficulty,writetousattheaddressbelowwithyournameand address,thetitleoftheseriesandtheISBNquotedabove. CustomerServicesDepartment,MacmillanDistributionLtd,Houndmills,Basingstoke,Hampshire RG216XS,England Trauma and Public Memory Editedby Jane Goodall UniversityofWesternSydney,Australia Christopher Lee GriffithUniversity,Australia Introduction,selectionandeditorialmatter©JaneGoodalland ChristopherLee2015 Individualchapters©Respectiveauthors2015 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6–10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorshaveassertedtheirrightstobeidentifiedastheauthorsofthis workinaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2015by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN978–1–137–40679–8 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Traumaandpublicmemory/[editedby]JaneGoodall,UniversityofWestern Sydney,Australia,ChristopherLee,GriffithUniversity,Australia. pages cm Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978–1–137–40679–8 1. Disasters—Casestudies. 2. Traumaticshock—Casestudies. 3. Post–traumaticstressdisorder—Casestudies. 4. War—Casestudies. 5. Collectivememory—Casestudies. I. Goodall,Jane. II. Lee,Christopher. HV553.T7342015 363.34(cid:2)4—dc23 2014028330 Contents ListofFigures vii Acknowledgements viii NotesonContributors ix Introduction 1 JaneGoodallandChristopherLee Part I Overviews 1 ‘ButWhyShouldYouPeopleatHomeNotKnow?’: SacrificeasaSocialFactinthePublicMemoryofWar 21 ChristopherLee 2 Trauma,DispossessionandNarrativeTruth:‘Seedsofthe Nation’ofSouthSudan 37 WendyRichards 3 TraumaandtheStoicFoundationsofSympathy 52 JaneGoodall 4 Unremembered:Memorial,Sentimentality,Dislocation 70 LaurieJohnson Part II Interviews 5 InterviewwithRossAnderson,ClinicalPsychologist 87 6 InterviewwithThereseLee,SpecialistinEmergencyand RetrievalNursing 94 7 InterviewwithNormanFry,DisasterCo-ordinatorforthe ToowoombaRegionalCouncilattheTimeofthe2011 Floods 103 8 InterviewwithCouncillorTanyaMilligan,Chairof HumanandSocialResponseCommitteeFollowingthe LockyerValleyFloodsinSouthEastQueensland,andSue Hewitt,SeniorRecoveryOfficer 109 v vi Contents 9 InterviewwithMarkWillacy,ForeignCorrespondentwith theAustralianBroadcastingCorporation 115 Part III Reflections 10 UnburiedTraumaandtheExhumationofHistory: AnAmericanGenealogy 131 LindsayTuggle 11 TheAtrocityTour 147 LindsayBarrett 12 RegainingLostHumanity:DealingwithTraumainExile 163 RobertMasonandGeoffreyParkes 13 PopularEntertainmentsasSurvivalStrategiesin Prisoner-of-WarCampsDuringWorldWarII 174 VictorEmeljanow 14 ASoldier’sPerspectiveonServinginIraqandAfghanistan 193 RichardGehrmann Conclusion 207 WorksCited 211 Index 225 Figures 1.1 OfficialAustralianphotographofthePozieresbattlefield ninemonthsafterthebattle 23 1.2 AustralianmemorialontheruinsoftheWindmillat Pozieres.©2012ChrisLee 32 3.1 MarcusBleasdalerescuingtheworkofSamuelFosso fromlootersinBangui,CentralAfricanRepublic.©2014 PeterBouckaert/HumanRightsWatch 53 4.1 AustralianWarMemorial,Canberra.©2014Judith Crispin 78 6.1 BandaAcehfourweeksafterthe2004tsunami.The landscapeisflattenedwithmoundsofdebrisandsome housesarestillstanding.Awebsearchforimagesofthis devastationsummonsappallingimagesofdeathand destructionatthetouchofabutton.©2004ThereseLee 97 6.2 ‘Somanypersonalitemsarelyingontheground, everywhereyougoyoufindpiecesofpeople’slives.’ ©2004ThereseLee 98 7.1 Damagedbikesafter‘theinlandtsunami’inGrantham, SouthEastQueensland.Photograph©2011Jane Goodall 105 8.1 Damagecausedbythe‘inlandtsunami’inGrantham, SouthEastQueensland.Photograph©2011Jane Goodall 111 10.1 9/11Memorial.Photograph©2013ChrisLee 133 10.2 OriginalgatestoCharityHospitalCemetery,New OrleansKatrinaMemorial.Photograph©LindsayTuggle 137 vii Acknowledgements Manyofthosewhohavecontributedtothisbook,theeditorsincluded, havebeenworkingindifficultandunforeseencircumstances.Onaper- sonal level, our thanks are due to family and friends whose ongoing supporthasbeenvital.Someofthemhavealsoprovidedverysignificant unpaidprofessionalassistancetothisprojectandwearegrateful. Jonathan Goodall read drafts and gave insightful suggestions about theme and focus for the volume as a whole. Peter Goodall con- tributedexperteditorialworkonreferencesandstyle.MadeleineLeeand Gabrielle Rowen Clarke compiled the preliminary bibliography. Lesley Astbury and Shirley Clifford provided administrative assistance. A spe- cialvoteofappreciationisduetotheprofessionalpeoplewhogavetheir timewhenthattimewasundersomepressure:RossAnderson,Norman Fry,SueHewitt,ThereseLee,TanyaMilliganandMarkWillacy. This book developed from a series of collegial seminars and a sym- posium with the Public Memory Research Centre at the University of SouthernQueensland.Wewouldliketoexpressourappreciationofthe generous intellectual engagement and the areas of specialist scholar- shipbroughttothoseseminarsbyMarcusHarmes,CatherineDewhirst, Barbara Harmes, David Akenson and Malcolm Brown. Sylvia Lawson and Joy Damousi provided valuable dialogue as visiting contributors. One of our originally contracted essayists, Katrina Schlunke, lost her houseinabushfireinJanuary2014.Althoughshewasunabletofollow throughwithacontributionhere,thespiritandwisdomofherresponse tothistraumaticsituationhasbeenaninspirationtous. We would also like to acknowledge Professor Graeme Baker and Pro- fessorPeterGoodallfromtheUniversityofSouthernQueensland.Also theSchoolofHumanities,GriffithCenterforCulturalResearchandPro ViceChancellorPaulMazerolefromtheArts,EducationandLawGroup atGriffithUniversityforprovidingfinancialassistanceandin-kindsup- port. Work like this is not possible without the ongoing support of engagedandenlightenedexecutivestaff. viii Contributors Ross Anderson is a consulting psychologist who has significant expe- rience working with individuals, families and work groups following traumatic events. He has attended at major road accidents and armed robberies,andprovidedpsychologicalsupporttovictimsandwitnesses followingtheQueenStreet,HoddleStreetandPortArthurmassacres.He is a former director of the National Trauma Clinic in Australia and has providedpsychologicalsupporttoarmedandemergencyservices. Lindsay Barrett is a visiting fellow with the Cultural Studies Group at the University of Technology, Sydney. He is the author of The PrimeMinister’sChristmasCard (2001);recentpublicationsinclude‘The Shadow’ Cultural Studies Review (2011), a reflection on the destruc- tion of Hiroshima in 1945. He is currently working with researchers fromPotsdamUniversityonthevariedentanglementsofGermanyand Australiainthecolonialera. VictorEmeljanowisEmeritusProfessorintheSchoolofCreativeArtsat TheUniversityofNewcastle,NewSouthWales.HeistheGeneralEditor of thee-journalPopular EntertainmentStudies andconvenorof thePop- ular Entertainments Working Group for The International Federation of Theatre Research. He is the co-author with James Davis of Reflecting theAudience(2001),whichwontheBritishSocietyforTheatreResearch AnnualBookAwardin2002,andhismostrecentbookisBeerbohmTree inthePickeringandChattoseriesLivesofShakespearianActors(2012). Norman Fry served as Disaster Co-ordinator for the Toowoomba RegionalCouncilatthetimeofthe2012floods.Priortothat,hiscareer wasintheNewZealandArmy,wherehisexperienceincludedatourof duty as a rifle platoon commander in South Vietnam in 4RAR ANZAC Battalion. He was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel in 1983 and posted to be the Director of Army Training for the New Zealand Army. Three years later he became the Commanding Officer of the Army’s Ready Reaction Force Battalion (2/1 RNZIR). In 1991, he was posted to the DefenceCentreinMelbournewherehisresponsibilitiesincludedAidto the Civil Power and Support to the Civil Community. He retired from theArmyin1994.Asaciviliandisasterco-ordinator,hisresponsibilities ix
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