Transnational public policy in international arbitration Conde e Silva, Gui J. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author For additional information about this publication click this link. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/jspui/handle/123456789/1717 Information about this research object was correct at the time of download; we occasionally make corrections to records, please therefore check the published record when citing. For more information contact [email protected] TRANSNATIONAL PUBLIC POLICY IN INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION Gui J. Conde Silva e Queen Mary College, University of London PhD Abstract determine Arbitration to tribunals rely on public policy principles exclude or law. At the applicable times, the notion of public policy will contain fundamental by large. In the yardsticks recognised world community at such be international. transnational truly cases public policy may called or The thesis the transnational expounds notion and content of public policy as by international This is by applied tribunals. objective met exploring the functions in international method, transnational and purpose of public policy arbitration. The light opening chapter sheds on the origins and concept of public policy the different levels it has been by international tribunals and and applied It for distinction between domestic, national courts. the suggests a criteria domestic-international, transnational regional and public policy. The thesis in depth then the origins and notion of gives an analysis of have transnational It that international tribunals relied public policy. suggests on transnational in their a method to public policy awards and proposes determine its content and sources. Such is deduct then to the of transnational public method applied content from decided The transnational thesis that policy arbitration awards. shows international in be different three at stages can relevant public policy determine At the the arbitration. the outset of proceeding, where arbitrators it jurisdiction; during the the procedure their arbitration, where controls drafting final in the or at the stage of the award, where applicable arbitration; it determines fundamental by the tribunal. substantive rules relied upon 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 6 Bibliography ...................................................................................................... 11 Table Abbreviations of .................................................................................... 18 Table Articles Essays of and ............................................................................ 31 Authorities Table of ......................................................................................... PART ONE THE NOTION OF TRANSNATIONAL PUBLIC POLICY Theoretical considerations INTRODUCTION 63 ........................................................................................... CHAPTER 1 Notion levels and of public policy 87 1.1. Notion and origins of public policy ........................................................ 1.2. 97 Public international policy and arbitration .............................................. (i) 98 Domestic-international public policy ............................................... (ii) Regional 102 public policy ................................................................... CHAPTER 2 Transnational public policy 106 2.1. Understanding the origins and meaning ............................................... 119 in (i) the transnational public policy national courts ......................... 126 in (ii) transnational public policy arbitration practice ......................... 139 2.2. Transnational public policy as a method .............................................. 3 Table Contents of 142 2.3. Sources transnational of public policy .................................................. 145 (i) primary sources of transnational public policy ............................. 153 (ii) transnational public policy secondary sources of ......................... 2.4. Conclusion Chapter Part One 156 to and ..................................................... PART TWO CONTENT OF TRANSNATIONAL PUBLIC POLICY Practical the thesis application of Introduction 158 Part Two to ................................................................................ CHAPTER 3 Jurisdictional transnational public policy 163 3.1. Governing principles ............................................................................. 169 3.2. Controlling functions ............................................................................ 3.3. The 177 resjudicata effect of arbitration awards ........................................ 3.4. Conclusion 181 ............................................................................................ CHAPTER 4 Procedural transnational public policy 185 4.1. Due process ........................................................................................... 186 (i) Equality between the parties ........................................................... 187 (ii) Opportunity to present one's case .................................................. 188 (iii) Contradiction ................................................................................ 190 (iv) Composite rules ............................................................................. 199 4.2. Procedural faith good ............................................................................ 4 Table Contents of 204 4.3. Conclusion ............................................................................................ CHAPTER 5 Substantive transnational public policy 206 5.1. The transnational public policy principles of substantive ..................... 207 5.2. Protection the of global market ............................................................. (i) bribery influence 209 traffic and of ....................................................... (ii) 216 the management of natural resources and environment ................. (iii) 221 in compensation the event of expropriation .................................. 223 (iv) liability for state ultra vires acts .................................................... 225 (v) illicit trafficking .............................................................................. 229 (vi) fraud (fraus omnia corrumpit) ....................................................... 230 (vii) anti-competition ........................................................................... 235 5.3. Other interests transnational .................................................................. 235 (i) heritage protection of cultural ......................................................... 238 (ii) international embargoes ................................................................. (iii) 241 fight the terrorism against ............................................................. 5.4. Conclusion 242 ............................................................................................ CONCLUSIONS 244 .......................................................................................... 253 List Transnational Public Policy Principles Rules of and ........................ 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1958. Towards Uniform Judicial Berg, A. den The New York Convention a van of Interpretation (Kluwer Law Taxation 1981) and Berg, A. den (ed. ), International Arbitration National Courts: The Never and van Ending Story (Kluwer Law International, 2001) Berg, A. den(ed. ), International Dispute Resolution: Towards International van an Arbitration Culture (Kluwer 1998) Berg, A. den (ed. ), Improving Efficiency Arbitration Agreements van the of and Awards: 40 Years Application New York Convention (Kluwer Law the of of International 1999) Berger, K., International Economic Arbitration (Kluwer Law Taxation and Publishers, 1993) Berger, K., The Creeping Codification Lex Mercatoria (1999) the of Bluntschli, M., Le droit international (Guillaumin 1895) codifig Bonell, M., The UNIDROIT Principles International Law in Transnational Law in of Commercial Legal Practice (1999) Borkowski, A., Roman Law (2d Blackstone 1997) ed, Born, G., International Commercial Arbitration in United States (Kluwer Law the Taxation, 1994) and Bos & Brownlie (ed), Liber Amicorumfor Lord Wilberforce (Oxford 1987) Brocher, Ch., Cours de Droit International Priv9 les consacres par suivant principes le droit francais (E. Thorin / Librairie H. Georg, Paris Geneva 1882) positif - Brownlie, I., Basic Documents in International Law (4t' Ed. Oxford 1995) Brownlie, I., Principles Public International Law (3rd 1984) of ed., Caenegem, R. An Historical Introduction Private Law (Cambridge University van, to Press 1992) Carbonneau, T. (ed. ), Lex Mercatoria Arbitration: Discussion New Law the and a of Merchant (2d Kluwer Juris Publishing 1998) revised ed, and Cheng, Bin, General Principles Law Applied by International Courts and of as Tribunals (1953) Chukwumerije, 0., Choice Law in International Commercial Arbitration of (Connecticut: Quorum Books, 1944) 6 Bibliography Craig, Park Paulsson, International Chamber Commerce Arbitration (Oceana and of 1984) David, R., Arbitration in International Trade (Kluwer 1985) 1995) De George, R., Business Ethics (Prentice-Hall De Ly, F., International Business Law Lex Mercatoria (North-Holland 1992) and Derains, Y. Schwartz, E., A Guide to the New ICC Rules of Arbitration 1998 and (Kluwer 1998) Dezalay, Y. Garth, B., Dealing in Virtue: International Commercial Arbitration and Construction Transnational Legal Order (Chicago, University the of and of a Chicago Press, 1996) Donaldson, T., The Ethics International Business (Oxford University Press 1989) of F. Dugdale, Introduction Legal Method (3rd Sweet Maxwell 1990) to ed, and El Ahdab, A., Arbitration Arab Countries (Kluwer Law Taxation the and with Publishers 1990) Elwes, R., The Chief Works B. Spinoza (George Bell Sons, London 1883) and of Fletcher, Mistelis Cremona (eds), Foundations Perspectives International of and and Trade Law (Sweet Maxwell 2001) and Gaillard, E. J. Savage (eds), Fouchard Gaillard Goldman International on and Commercial Arbitration (Kluwer 1999) Gaillard, E. (ed. ), Transnational Rules in International Commercial Arbitration (ICC Publication No. 480/4) Goode, R. New Developments in International Consumer Law (Hart Publishing, and Oxford 1998) Hitt, W., A Global Ethic (Batelle Press, Ohio 1996) Hoffman, W., Kamm, J., Frederick, R. Petry E. (eds. ), Emerging Global Business and Ethics (Quorum Books, 1994) Holland, J. Webb, J., Learning Legal Rules (3rd Blackstone Press Ltd, ed., and London 1996) Holtzmann, H., Fact by International Tribunals (Transnational Publishers -finding 1991) Holtzmann, H. Neuhaus, J., A Guide UNCITRAL Model Law on to the and Publishers, International Commercial Arbitration (Kluwer Law Taxation and Deventer Boston, 1988) - 7 Bibliography Horn, N. (ed), Studies in Transnational Economic Law Legal Problems Codes of of - Conduct for Multinational Enterprises Vol. 1(Kluwer 1980) Jarrosson, C., La d'arbitrage (Librairie Generale de Droit de Jurisprudence, notion et Paris 1987) Jessup, P., Transnational Law, Storrs Lectures Jurisprudence (Yale University on Press 1956) Jitta, J., La Methode du droit international (The Hague 1890) prive Kolb, R., Theorie du ius international (Presses Universitaires de France, cogens 2001) Lagarde, P., "Public Policy", International Encyclopoedia Comparative Law (J. C. of B. Mohr Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 1994) and Langen, E., Transnational Commercial Law (Sijthoff & Noordhoff 1973) Lew, J. (ed. ), Contemporary Problems in International Arbitration (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 1987) Lew, J., Applicable Law in International Commercial Arbitration (Oceana Publications 1978) Lew, J. (ed. ), The Immunity Arbitrators (Lloyd's London Press 1990) of of Lew, Mistelis, Kroll, Comparative International Commercial Arbitration (Kluwer Law International 2003) Malynes, G., Lex Mercatoria: Of Arbitrators Awards (Professional Books their and Limited, Abingdon, 1981) Mayer, P., Droit International Prive (6th Montchrestien 1998) ed., Minus, P. (ed. ), The Ethics Business in Global Economy (Kluwer Academic of a Publishers 1993) Mohie-Eldin I. Alam-Eldin, The New Commercial Code Egypt (Dar Elnahda El- of Arabia, Cairo 1999) Nachmias, D. Nachmias, C., Research Methods (Edward Arnold Publishers and 1976) Nussbaum, M., The Fragility Goodness (Cambridge University Press, 2001) of Morals Paton, H., The Moral Law Kant's Groundwork the Methaphysic of or of (Hutchinson's University Library 1955) Paulsson, J. (ed. ), International Handbook Commercial Arbitration (Kluwer 1998) on Paulsson, J., Denial Justice in International Law (Cambridge University Press of 2005) 8 Bibliography Pillet, A., Principes de droit international (Pedone / Allier Freres, Paris prive - Grenoble, 1903) Pillet, A., Traite de droit international (J. Allier/Sirey, Grenoble pratique prive - Paris 1923) Racine, J., L'Arbitrage Commercial International L'Ordre Public (LGDJ, 1999) et Ragazzi, M., The Concept International Obligations Erga Omnes (Clarendon of Press, Oxford University Press 1997) Redfern Hunter, Law Practice International Commercial Arbitration (3rd and and of Sweet & Maxwell 1999) ed., Reinicke, W., Global Public Policy: Governing Without Government? (Brookings Institution Press 1998) Robert, J., Le (Association Francaise d'Arbitrage, LGDJ phenomene transnational 1988) Saleh, S., Commercial Arbitration in Arab Middle East (Graham & Trotman, the 1984) Sanders, P. (ed), ICCA Congress 3- Comparative Arbitration Practice and series no Public Policy in Arbitration (Kluwer Law Taxation Publishers 1987) and Scelles, G. Precis de droit des (Recueil Sirey, Paris 1932) gens Schiffer, W., The Legal Community Mankind (Columbia University Press, New of York 1954) Schmitthoff, C. (ed), The Sources Law International Trade (International the of of Association Legal Science 1964) of Schmitthoff, C., Commercial Law in Changing Economic Climate (2d Sweet & ed, a Maxwell 1981) Spinoza, B., Ethics (Wordsworth 2001) Stein, P., Legal Institutions The Development Dispute Settlement (Butterworths of - 1984) Stott, D., Legal Research (Cavendish Publishing Ltd, London 1993) Teubner, G. (ed), Global Law Without State (Aldershot 1997) a Treitel, G., The Law Contract (8th Ed. 1991) of Twiss, S., Comparative Religious Ethics (Westview Press 2000) Volckart, 0. Mangels, A., Has Modern Lex Mercatoria Really Medieval the and Systems, Roots? (Max-Planck Institut for Research into Economic Diskussionsbeitrag) 9
Description: