Transnational Actors in War and Peace: Militants, Activists, and Corporations in World Politics PDF
Preview Transnational Actors in War and Peace: Militants, Activists, and Corporations in World Politics
TRANSNATIONAL ACTORS IN WAR AND PEACE This page intentionally left blank TRANSNATIONAL ACTORS IN WAR AND PEACE Militants, Activists, and Corporations in World Politics DAVID MALET and MIRIAM J. ANDERSON Editors Georgetown University Press Washington, DC © 2017 Georgetown University Press. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The publisher is not responsible for third-party websites or their content. URL links were active at time of publication. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Malet, David, 1976- editor, author. | Anderson, Miriam J., editor, author. Title: Transnational Actors in War and Peace : Militants, Activists, and Corporations in World Politics / David Malet and Miriam J. Anderson, editors. Description: Washington, DC : Georgetown University Press, 2017. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifi ers: LCCN 2016035821 (print) | LCCN 2016058220 (ebook) | ISBN 9781626164420 (hc : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781626164437 (pb : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781626164444 (eb) | Subjects: LCSH: Transnationalism—Political aspects. | International relations. Classifi cation: LCC JZ1320 .T717 2017 (print) | LCC JZ1320 (ebook) | DDC 327.1—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016035821 ∞ This book is printed on acid-free paper meeting the requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence in Paper for Printed Library Materials. 18 17 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 First printing Printed in the United States of America Cover by Rebecca Lown Design. Cover images from left to right, top to bottom: NATO Mercenary (INTERFOTO / Alamy Stock Photo); employee of the German Red Cross (dpa picture alliance / Alamy Stock Photo); United States Social Forum (Jim West / Alamy Stock Photo); No More War Demonstration, ca. 1920 (Swarthmore College Peace Collection #B8); masked militants holding the ISIS black banner of Muhammad (Handout / Alamy Stock Photo); African Union Commission for Somalia and AMISOM Senior Political Offi cer at a meeting with Somali Diaspora Community (Africa Collection / Alamy Stock Photo); demonstration in Myanmar (REUTERS / Alamy Stock Photo). To my family across three countries, who have given me love, support, and continuity D.M. For Sarah Marie Anderson and Amanda Kathleen Anderson, my strong, vibrant, and supportive sisters M.J.A. This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix Introduction: The Transnational Century 1 David Malet and Miriam J. Anderson 1 Knights of Columbus Catholic Recreation Clubs in Great Britain, 1917–19 24 Luke Flanagan 2 Transnational Feminist Praxis in the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom in the Aftermath of the Second World War 42 Catia Cecilia Confortini 3 Governing Confl ict through Transnational Corporations: The Case of Confl ict Minerals 61 Virginia Haufl er 4 Beyond the Confl ict: Diasporas and Postconfl ict Government Reconstruction 84 Jennifer M. Brinkerhoff 5 Exiles and Political Islam: Contrasting Khomeini’s Religious Nationalism with bin Laden’s Violent Globalism 105 Ariel I. Ahram and John Gledhill 6 Foreign Fighters in the Syrian Civil War 124 David Malet 7 Mercenaries Gone Legit: Private Security Professionals and Private Military Security Companies as Transnational Actors 146 Matthew LeRiche vii viii Contents 8 Transnational Humanitarian Action and Regime Complexity: The Case of Syria 168 Phil Orchard 9 Women’s Advocacy Groups in Peace Negotiations 185 Miriam J. Anderson 10 Containing Confl ict: Authoritative Transnational Actors and the Management of Company- Community Confl ict 197 Kate Macdonald Conclusion: Complex Transnationalism 215 Miriam J. Anderson and David Malet Contributors 221 Index 225 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book is the result of an ambitious project to bring together the work of scholars in numerous subfi elds of international relations studying transnational actors in war and peace. Achieving a common framework and an overview of a multitude of international relations literatures required multiple meetings and the input of many scholars over a number of years. The publication of this book owes to the support and perseverance of our editor, Donald Jacobs. Gratitude is also due to the staff of Georgetown Univer- sity Press and the two anonymous reviewers who provided useful suggestions and critiques. This project began when we initially met at the 2006 International Studies Association (ISA) annual conference while we were both PhD students working on our dissertations. Our discussions about networks and mobilization led us to quickly recognize interesting similarities between how two starkly different types of entities operated in transnational politics—women’s peace groups and foreign fi ghters—that would never be noticed without conversations across subfi elds. We were able to further this discussion at a panel at the 2008 ISA conference with participation from Charli Carpenter, Betcy Jose, Thomas Olsen, and Christine Sylvester. In 2012, we received a Catalytic Grant from ISA to hold a conference workshop, “Transnational Actors and Confl ict Outcomes,” which included the participation of Jennifer Brinkerhoff, Mohammed Hafez, Cerwyn Moore, and Sparsha Saha. A reporting panel on transnational violent actors at the following year’s conference benefi ted from the additional participation of Max Abrahms, Jonathan Agensky, and Daniela Pisiou. In 2014, we received a Venture Grant from ISA for a workshop to plan this volume, with new participants including Virginia Haufl er, Phil Orchard, and Michael Schroeder. We were assisted in this workshop by two graduate students, Ryan Webb and Mark Winward. The School of Social and Political Sciences at the University of Mel- bourne supported this project with funding for the symposium “The Infl uence of Non-S tate Actors in War and Peace” in November 2013, which included ix
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