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Transmitting Authority: Wang Tong (ca. 584-617) and the Zhongshuo in Medieval China's Manuscript Culture PDF

238 Pages·2014·1.868 MB·English
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Preview Transmitting Authority: Wang Tong (ca. 584-617) and the Zhongshuo in Medieval China's Manuscript Culture

i Transmitting Authority ii Sinica Leidensia Edited by Barend J. ter Haar Maghiel van Crevel In co-operation with P.K. Bol, D.R. Knechtges, E.S. Rawski, W.L. Idema, H.T. Zurndorfer VOLUME 113 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/sinl iii Transmitting Authority Wang Tong (ca. 584–617) and the Zhongshuo in Medieval China’s Manuscript Culture By Ding Xiang Warner LEIDEN | BOSTON iv Cover illustration: Detail of “New Year’s Gathering” 辰人日北城別業小集 (1553). Ink and colors on paper hanging scroll by Wen Zhengming 文瀓明 (1470–1559), acquired through the generosity of Judith Stoikov, Class of 1963. Photography courtesy of Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Warner, Ding Xiang, 1961- Transmitting authority : Wang Tong (ca. 584-617) and the Zhongshuo in medieval China’s manuscript culture / by Ding Xiang Warner. p. cm. -- (Sinica Leidensia ; VOLUME 113) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-27321-4 (hardback : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-90-04-27633-8 (e-book) 1. Wang, Tong, 584?-618? 2. Wang, Tong, 584?-618? Wenzhongzi Zhong shuo--Criticism, Textual. I. Title. II. Title: Wang Tong (ca. 584-617) and the Zhongshuo in medieval China’s manuscript culture. B128.W344W37 2014 181’.112--dc23 2014011341 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual ‘Brill’ typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 0169-9563 isbn 978-90-04-27321-4 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-27633-8 (e-book) Copyright 2014 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill nv provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, ma 01923, usa. Fees are subject to change. Brill has made all reasonable efforts to trace all rights holders to any copyrighted material used in this work. In cases where these efforts have not been successful the publisher welcomes communications from copyright holders, so that the appropriate acknowledgements can be made in future editions, and to settle other permission matters. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Contents Contents v Contents Contents v Acknowledgments vii Notes to the Reader x List of Abbreviations xii Introduction: The Enigmatic Case of the Zhongshuo  1 Part One Assessing Textual Authority 15 1 The Transmission History of the Zhongshuo, Seventh through Eleventh Centuries 17 I The Contents of the Received Zhongshuo 18 II Appendices to the Received Zhongshuo 22 III The First Shaping of the Zhongshuo 33 IV The Zhongshuo during the Tang Dynasty 38 V The Shaping of the Zhongshuo – In the Song Dynasty and Since 42 2 Features, Problems, and Puzzles in the Received Zhongshuo  49 I Format Types 50 II Styles of Reference 59 III The Growth of Wang Tong’s Discipleship 77 Conclusion 92 Part Two Interpreting Cultural Authority 95 3 The Genesis of a Confucian Master’s Legacy 97 I The Wunderkind from Longmen 98 II Man with a Charge 101 III Wang Tong and His White Ox Creek Circle 110 IV The White Ox Creek Circle and the Germination of the Wang Tong Myth 126 4 The Cultivation of a Family Legacy 134 I A Grandson’s Tribute: Part One 134 II Yang Jiong’s Validation 140 III A Family Investment: Part One 145 IV A Grandson’s Tribute: Part Two 148 vi Contents V A Family Investment: Part Two 159 5 Appropriations of the Master’s Legacy 167 I Before and After: Two Funerary Epitaphs for Descendants of Master Wenzhong 169 II Sikong Tu and Pi Rixiu in the Days of the Dying Tang 175 III Restoring the Lost 190 IV Wang Tong in Popular Literature 198 Epilogue 203 Bibliography 215 Index 223 225 AcknowleAdcgkmneonwtsledgments vii Acknowledgments This book owes its fruition as much to years of labor as to the invaluable support of many individuals and institutions. At the earliest stage, when I had just begun to think about the history and puzzles of the Wang Tong controversy, a faculty research grant from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and a Regency Advancement Award from Pacific Lutheran University enabled me to travel to libraries and archives in China and the United States to conduct research that led to publication of “Wang Tong and the Compilation of the Zhongshuo (Dis- courses on the Mean): A New Evaluation of the Source Materials and Points of Controversy” (Journal of the American Oriental Society 121 [2001]: 370–90), from which this book developed. To the UMass Board of Trustees and PLU’s Board of Regents, I express again my thanks for that generous support. I am deeply grate- ful also to the National Endowment for the Humanities and to the National Humanities Center for their generous support of a year-long residence fellow- ship at the Center at a time when this book’s progress was reaching a critical stage. The luxury of time and intellectual stimulation that the NEH fellowship afforded me at the NHC proved crucial to the crystallizing of this book’s final scope and arguments. My research for this project was aided immensely by staff at several libraries, to whom I extend my thanks: the Wason Collection on East Asia at Cornell University, Drs. Liren Zheng and Dan McKee especially; the East Asian Library at the University of California, Berkeley; the Harvard-Yenching Library at Har- vard University; the East Asia Library at the University of Washington; the Rare Book and Manuscript Collections at the Beijing National Library; the Asian Collections at the U.S. Library of Congress; the Asia, Pacific, and Africa Collec- tions at the British Library; the Shanxi University Library; Shanxi Provincial Museum; the Rare Book and Manuscript Collections at the Taipei National Pal- ace Museum; and the Library Services Office of the National Humanities Center, in particular Betsy Dain, Jean Houston, and Eliza Robertson. To William G. Boltz I owe a special acknowledgement of gratitude for the invaluable philological training that I received under his tutelage at the Univer- sity of Washington. In addition to teaching me essential skills for the study of classical Chinese, he also, in a graduate seminar on textual criticism, introduced me to a range of methodological approaches and theoretical perspectives, and thereby also to the considerable challenges and rewards, when conducting tex- tual scholarship. Although I ended up writing on a literary topic for my doc- toral dissertation, the philological and critical rigor that he demanded, alongside viii Acknowledgments that of my other teachers David R. Knechtges and the late Jerry Norman, has become an integral part of my professional identity and creed, and more im- mediately, a driving force behind my writing of this book. In recent years, invitations to present my work on the reception history of Wang Tong and the Zhongshuo at professional and public forums have given me valuable opportunity to share my work in progress, and the thoughtful feed- back received on these occasions has helped me to sharpen the book’s focus and clarify its points. I therefore offer sincerest thanks to the following for mak- ing such opportunities available: Martin Kern of Princeton University; David R. Knechtges of the University of Washington, Seattle; Paul W. Kroll of the Univer- sity of Colorado, Boulder; Xiaofei Tian of Harvard University; and the two co- organizers of the 2013 Bernhard Karlgren Workshop on the subject of Wang Tong, organized under the auspices of the Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study in Uppsala, Christoph Harbsmeire of the University of Oslo and Michael Puett of Harvard University. Among the participants in this workshop, in addi- tion to the co-organizers, Joachim Gentz, Olga Lomova, and David McMullen volunteered valuable insights for which I am also grateful. Still other scholars, within and outside the field of China studies, have likewise aided this book’s completion, some by means of Sinological and/or philological assistance, some by way of intellectual inspiration, but all of them through their kindness and encouragement. To Megan Benton, Sherman G. Cochran, Anthony DeBlasi, Ma- ria Cristina Garcia, Deborah Harkness, Paul W. Kroll, James Lesher, Tamara Loos, Andrew Mertha, Bruce Rusk, Elenor Rutledge, Anna Shields, and Shawkat Toorawa, I offer my heartfelt gratitude. I am, as well, very much indebted to the two anonymous readers for Brill’s Sinica Leidensia series, whose perceptive critiques, helpful corrections, and astute suggestions facilitated this book’s final transformation from manuscript- in-progress to finished book, and certainly made it better. I am of course solely responsible for any errors of fact or judgment that remain, whether by accident or through stubbornness, in the ensuing pages. It will be observed that the topic and critical method of this book would make it a natural fit for Brill’s Studies in the History of Chinese Texts series. I would be the first to agree: but as I am one of the co-editors of that series, it seemed to me the more proper course to submit the manuscript to the Sinica Leidensia series for consideration, as it also is an established venue for philo- logical and textual scholarship. I thank my two co-editors, therefore, Robert E. Hegel and Martin Kern, for their understanding and support of my decision, just as I thank the editors of Sinica Leidensia for their positive reception of my proposal and acceptance of the manuscript. I extend special thanks also to Brill’s acquisition editor for Asian Studies, Dr. Albert Hoffstädt, and assistant Acknowledgments ix editor, Ms. Patricia Radder, for making the process of this book’s evaluation and preparation for publication with Brill truly pleasurable. I am grateful to the Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University, for permission to reproduce a detail of Wen Zhengming’s (1470–1559) painting, “New Year’s Gathering” (1532), which graces the cover of this book. Thanks are owed in particular to the Johnson Museum’s chief curator and curator of Asian Art, Ellen Avril; the editorial manager, Andrea R. Potochniak; and the curator assistant for rights and reproductions, Sonja Gandert. My final and deepest debt of gratitude is due to my husband of thirty years, J. Christopher Warner, whose steadfast companionship has been my anchor in life, whose fervent interest in my scholarly pursuits is a source of motivation, whose unflagging confidence in me and in this book’s promise has been a bea- con in dark moments of self-doubt, and most of all, whose own industry and accomplishments as a scholar have been and will always be an inspiration. Thank you, Chris, for crashing into my life all those years ago.

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