Translational Regulation of Gene Expression 2 PDF
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Translational Regulation of Gene Expression 2 Translational Regulation of Gene Expression 2 Edited by Joseph Ilan Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Llbrary of Congress Cataloglng-ln-Publlcatlon Data Translatlonal regulatlon of gene expressl0n 2 I edlted by 00seph Ilan. p. cm. Inc 1u des b 1b 11 ograph 1c a 1 references and 1n dex. ISBN 978-1-4613-6254-8 ISBN 978-1-4615-2894-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-2894-4 1. Genetlc translatlon. 2. Genetlc regulat\on. 3. Gene expresSl on. 1. Il an. 0oseph. QH450.5.T733 1993 574.87·3223--dc20 93-17794 CIP ISBN 978-1-4613-6254-8 © 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Plenum Press New York in 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1993 Ali rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, Of transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher Contributors DONALD D. ANTHONY • Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4935 G. ARROYO· Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931 ROSTOM BABLANIAN • Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY, Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York 11203 G. C. CANDELAS • Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931 C. CARRASCO· Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931 E. CARRASQUILLO· Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931 JANE-JANE CHEN· Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 A. MARK CrGAN • Section on Molecular Genetics of Lower Eukaryotes, Labora tory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 BANSIDHAR DATTA • Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304 v vi Contributors THOMAS E. DEVER • Section on Molecular Genetics of Lower Eukaryotes, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 THOMAS F. DONAHUE • Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloom ington, Indiana 47405 MARK E. DUMONT • Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642 LAN FENG • Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405 ROBERT M. FREDERICKSON' Department of Biochemistry and McGill Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6 GHANASHYAM D. GHADGE • Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611 MARIANNE GRUNBERG-MANAGO • Institut de Biologie Physico-Chemique, 75005 Paris, France NABA K. GUPTA' Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304 BOYD HARDESTY • Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Clayton Foundation Biochemical Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 1. WOODLAND HASTINGS • Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 G. WESLEY HATFIELD' Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92717 ALAN G. HINNEBUSCH • Section on Molecular Genetics of Lower Eukaryotes, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 ARA G. HOVANESSIAN • Unite de Virologie et Immunologie Cellulaire (UA CNRS 1157), Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France JOSEPH ILAN • Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 M. IRIZARRY' Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931 Contributors vii ROGER L. KASPAR • Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98133 GISELA KRAMER • Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Clayton Foundation Biochemical Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 WIESLAW KUDLICKI • Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Clayton Foundation Biochemical Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 DONG-HEE LEE • Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 SUSAN LINDQUIST • Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Mo lecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 WILLIAM C. MERRICK • Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4935 MARIA MITTAG • Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 RICHARD P. MOERSCHELL • Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642; present address: Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan. DAVID R. MORRIS' Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98133 KNUD H. NIERHAUS • Max-Planck-Institut fUr Molekulare Genetik, D-1000 Berlin 33, Germany A. PLAZAOLA • Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931 CLAUDE PORTIER' Institut de Biologie Physico-Chemique, 75005 Paris, France FRITH! RAJAN • Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611 MANAS K. RAy • Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304 ANANDA L. Roy • Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304 viii Contributors ALEXEY G. RYAZANOV • Institute of Protein Research, Academy of Sciences of Russia, 142292, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; and Department of Pharmacology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 KATHERINE T. SCHMEIDLER-SAPIRO • Department of Biological Sciences, Cali fornia State University-Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90840 ROBERT J. SCHNEIDER • Department of Biochemistry and Kaplan Cancer Center, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York 10016 STEVEN SCZEKAN • Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Har vard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 FRED SHERMAN • Departments of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642 NAHUM SONENBERG • Department of Biochemistry and McGill Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G lY6 ALEXANDER S. SPIRIN • Institute of Protein Research, Academy of Sciences of Russia, 142292, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia ROLF STERNGLANZ • Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794 SATHYAMANGALAM SWAMINATHAN • Department of Microbiology and Immu nology, and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medi cal School, Chicago, Illinois 60611 DIETER TECHEL • Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 BAYAR THIMMAPAYA • Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Ro bert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611 FRANCISCO TRIANA· Max-Planck-Institut fUr Molekulare Genetik, D-1000 Ber lin 33, Germany SUSUMU TSUNASAWA • Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan WILLIAM E. WALDEN • Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Univer sity of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612 RONALD C. WEK • Section on Molecular Genetics of Lower Eukaryotes, Labora tory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 Contributors ix MICHAEL W. WHITE • Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717 YAN ZHANG • Department of Biochemistry and Kaplan Cancer Center, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York 10016 Preface This book, which results from the dramatic increase in interest in the control mechanism employed in gene expression and the importance of the regulated proteins, presents new information not covered in Translational Regulation of Gene Expression, which was published in 1987. It is not a revision of the earlier book but, rather, an extension of that volume witl, special emphasis on mecha nIsm. As the reader will discover, there is enormous diversity in the systems employing genes for translational regulation in order to regulate the appearance of the final product-the protein. Thus, we find that important proteins such as protooncogenes, growth factors, stress proteins, cytokines, lymphokines, iron storage and iron-uptake proteins, and a panorama of prokaryotic proteins, as well as eukaryotic viral proteins, are translationally regulated. Since for some gene products the degree of control is greater by a few orders of magnitude than their transcription, we can state that for these genes, at least, the expression is translationall y controlled. Translational regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes has emerged in the last few years as a major research field. The present book describes mechanisms of translational regulation in bacteria, yeast, and eukaryotic viruses, as well as in eukaryotic genes. In this book we try to provide in-depth coverage by including important examples from each group rather than systematically including all additional systems not described in the previous volume. The first paper on translational regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes appeared in 1970 (Han, 1., Han, 1., and Patel, N., 1970, Mechanism of gene expression in Tenebrio molitor-Juvenile hormone determination of translational control through transfer ribonucleic acid and enzyme, J BioI. Chern. 245:1275- 1281). In this publication, translational control, mRNA stability during develop- xi xii Preface ment, codon bias, and hormonal involvement in translational regulation were described for the first time. This paper was greeted with skepticism since the thinking at that time was based on the model for transcriptional control of gene expression suggested by F. Jacob and 1. Monod emphasizing that mRNA must be a short-lived intermediate. The reviewers of the 1970 paper considered the described mechanism with disbelief, disregarding the experimental evidence. Our descrip tion of the role of isoacceptor tRNA in translational regulation in insects has been rediscovered 20 years later by the groups of Lazrini and Candelas (see Chapter 12 in this volume). I would like to thank the contributors for their considerable patience and labor. I think the final product will satisfy contributors and readers alike. Joseph Han Cleveland, Ohio
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