Translating Feminism in China: Gender, Sexuality and Censorship

213 Pages·2015·2.262 MB·English

by  Zhongli Yu

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Translating Feminism in China
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6 This book explores translation of feminism in China through examining several
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0 Chinese translations of two typical feminist works: The Second Sex (TSS, Beauvoir
3 1949/1952) and The Vagina Monologues (TVM, Ensler 1998). TSS exposes the
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1 cultural construction of woman while TVM reveals the pervasiveness of sexual
at oppression toward women. The female body and female sexuality (including
o] lesbian sexuality) constitute a challenge to the Chinese translators due to cultural
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e differences and sexuality still being a sensitive topic in China. This book inves-
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D tigates from gender and feminist perspectives, how TSS and TVM have been
n translated and received in China, with special attention to how the translators
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S meet the challenges. Since translation is the gateway to the reception of feminism,
a, an examination of the translations should reveal the response to feminism of the
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r translator as the fi rst reader and gatekeeper, and how feminism is translated both
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f ideologically and technically in China. The translators’ decisions are discussed
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a within the social, historical, and political contexts. Translating Feminism in China
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f discusses, among other issues:
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it (cid:2) Feminist translation: practice, theory, and studies
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e (cid:2) Translating the female body and sexuality
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ni (cid:2) Translating lesbianism
U (cid:2) Censorship, sexuality, and translation
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d This book will be relevant to postgraduate students and researchers of translation
e studies. It will also interest academics interested in feminism, gender studies and
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oa Chinese literature and culture.
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o Zhongli Yu is Assistant Professor of Translation Studies at the University of
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Nottingham Ningbo China (UNNC).
Routledge Advances in Translation Studies
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rc 1 Applying Luhmann to Translation Studies
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M Translation in Society
6 Sergey Tyulenev
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3 2 Interpreting Justice
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8 Ethics, Politics and Language
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t Moira Inghilleri
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g 3 Translation and Web Searching
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i Vanessa Enríquez Raído
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a 4 Translation Theory and Development Studies
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a, A Complexity Theory Approach
ni Kobus Marais
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if 5 Perspectives on Literature and Translation
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C Creation, Circulation, Reception
f Edited by Brian Nelson and Brigid Maher
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it 6 Translation and Localisation in Video Games
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er Making Entertainment Software Global
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i Miguel Á. Bernal-Merino
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y 7 Translation and Linguistic Hybridity
b Constructing World-View
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e Susanne Klinger
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l 8 The Dao of Translation
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w An East–West Dialogue
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D Douglas Robinson
9 Translating Feminism in China
Gender, Sexuality and Censorship
Zhongli Yu
10 Multiple Translation Communities in Contemporary Japan
Edited by Beverley Curran, Nana Sato-Rossberg, and Kikuko Tanabe
Translating Feminism in
China
Gender, sexuality and censorship
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Zhongli Yu
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First published 2015
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
7 © 2015 Zhongli Yu
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0 The right of Zhongli Yu to be identifi ed as author of this work has been asserted by her in
2 accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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c All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any
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a form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
M including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system,
6 without permission in writing from the publishers.
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0 Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks,
3 and are used only for identifi cation and explanation without intent to infringe.
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1 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
t A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
a
] Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
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g Yu, Zhongli.
e Translating feminism in China : gender, sexuality and censorship / Zhongli Yu.
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D pages cm. – (Routledge Advances in Translation Studies)
n Includes bibliographical references and index.
Sa 1. Translating and interpreting–China. 2. Gender identity–China. 3. Feminism–China.
ia, I . PT3it0le6.. 8.C6Y8 2015
n 418′.03305–dc23
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o 2014043522
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C ISBN: 978-1-138-80431-9 (hbk)
f ISBN: 978-1-315-75309-6 (ebk)
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Contents
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h List of tables viii
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a Acknowledgements ix
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List of abbreviations x
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3 1 Introduction 1
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1 1.1 Gender, feminism, and translation: Key terms and
at concepts 2
o] 1.2 TSS and TVM: Gender, sexuality, and censorship 8
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e 1.3 Overview of chapters 11
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D 1.4 Examples, back-translations, strategy terms, and
n Chinese names and sources 13
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S Notes 15
a, Bibliography 15
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f 2 Feminist translation: Practice, theory, and studies 20
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a 2.1 Feminist approaches to translation 21
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f 2.1.1 Feminist translation strategies: Flotow’s summary 21
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y 2.1.2 Feminist translation strategies: Massardier-Kenny’s
it redefi nition 22
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er 2.1.3 Feminist translation strategies: Maier’s outline 23
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i 2.1.4 Feminist translation strategies: Wallmach’s analysis 25
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U 2.2 Feminist translation studies: Within and outside China 27
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d 2.2.1.1 Feminist translation studies in the 1980s 29
e 2.2.1.2 Feminist translation studies in the 1990s 29
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a 2.2.1.3 Feminist translation studies in the twenty-fi rst
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2.2.1.4 Sexuality in translation studies 33
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D 2.2.2 Feminist translation studies within China 34
2.2.2.1 Emergence of feminist translation studies
in the 1990s 37
2.2.2.2 Development of feminist translation
studies in the twenty-fi rst century 38
Notes 45
Bibliography 45
vi Contents
3 Contextualising the Chinese translations of The Second Sex and
The Vagina Monologues 59
3.1 Le Deuxième Sexe and The Second Sex 59
3.2 Chinese translations of The Second Sex 64
3.3 The Vagina Monologues 68
3.4 Chinese translations of The Vagina Monologues 71
Notes 76
7 Bibliography 77
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h 4 Translating the female body and female sexuality in
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r The Second Sex 83
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M 4.1 Translating the female body 84
6 4.1.1 Women’s physical appearance 84
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3 4.2 Translating female sexuality 96
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1 4.3 Summary 103
at Notes 104
o] Bibliography 104
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D 5 Translating the female body and female sexuality in
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a The Vagina Monologues 106
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a, 5.1 Translating ‘vagina’ 106
i 5.2 Translating sexual violence 119
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y 6 Translating lesbianism in The Second Sex and
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si The Vagina Monologues 132
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ni The Second Sex 133
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[ 6.2 Lesbianism in the Chinese translations of
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d 6.2.1 ‘The vagina workshop’ 142
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d 6.2.2 ‘The Little Coochi Snorcher That Could’ 146
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o 6.2.3 ‘The Woman Who Loved to Make Vaginas Happy’ 150
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o Note 154
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Bibliography 154
Contents vii
7 Censorship, sexuality, and translation 158
7.1 Censorship, translation, and translation publishing 158
7.2 Translation publishing from 1980 to 2009 162
7.2.1 Revival and fl uctuation from 1980 to 1989 163
7.2.2 Depression and reformation from 1990 to 1999 166
7.2.3 Market-oriented development from 2000 to 2009 167
7.3 Censorship of sexuality and the Chinese translations
7 of The Second Sex 167
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h of The Vagina Monologues 172
rc 7.5 Summary 178
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6 Bibliography 180
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3 8 Conclusion: Gender, feminism, and translation studies 185
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1 8.1 Gender, translation strategies, and translation effects 185
at 8.2 Female/male: Essentialism? 188
o] 8.3 Feminist translation studies: Where are we going? 190
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e Bibliography 193
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List of tables
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6 2.1 Number of dissertations on women/gender/feminism and
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3 2.2 Number of journal articles on women/gender/feminism and
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1 translation (1996–2014) 36
at 4.1 Number of times the strategies are used (TSS, Examples 1–16,
o] 24 cases) 103
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e 5.1 Number of times the strategies are used (TVM, Examples 1–14,
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D 18 cases) 128
n 6.1 Number of times the strategies are used (TSS, Examples 1–11,
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S 14 cases) 153
a, 6.2 Number of times the strategies are used (TVM, Examples 12–18,
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r 9 cases) 154
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Acknowledgements
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6 I am grateful to the University of Manchester and the University of Nottingham
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0 Ningbo China for the funding that enabled me to conduct this research and
3 present it at international conferences.
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1 Special thanks go to Dr James St André for suggesting that I study translations
at of The Second Sex and Dr S¸ebnem Susam-Sarajeva for encouraging me to study
o] translations of The Vagina Monologues. I am grateful to Dr James St André, Dr
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e Chen Jianbo, Professor Margaret Littler, Dr Wei-hsin Lin, and Dr Keekok Lee
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D for their repeated reading and proofreading, invaluable and insightful feedback
n and advice, continual encouragement, and help when diffi culties arose.
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S Thanks go to other CTIS staff and colleagues at the University of Manchester
a, for their comments on my research. In particular, I am grateful to Professor Mona
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r Baker for her help, advice and encouragement throughout this research, especially
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f at the revision stage. Thanks go to IC colleagues at the University of Nottingham
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a for sharing my work when I was on academic leave for this book. I am especially
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f grateful to the Dean of Education and Humanity Professor Fintan Cullen and
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y the Head of School of International Communications Professor Adam Knee for
it their kind help in creating favorable conditions for my research leave.
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er Thanks go to Dr Cosima Bruno, Dr David Laven, and the blind reviewers
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i for their critical comments and suggestions for revision. Thanks go to all those
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U who gave me feedback on my presentations at international conferences.
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y Particularly, I am grateful to Professor Sherry Simon and Professor G. C. Spivak
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d for their positive responses at the 2013 Nida School of Translation Studies in
e Italy. A special word of thanks also to Christina Low, Aletheia Heah, Yuvaneswari
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a Yogaraja, and other editorial staff at Routledge for their contribution to the
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nl publication of this book.
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Last but not the least, I must thank my family and friends who have supported
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D or helped me over the past few years in various ways so that I can enjoy and
accomplish my research in the UK and complete revision of my manuscript in
Ningbo. I am most grateful to my husband and parents for their love, inspiration
and support.
YU Zhongli
September 2014