Transition in Central and Eastern Europe: Implications for EU-LDC Relations PDF
Preview Transition in Central and Eastern Europe: Implications for EU-LDC Relations
Transition in Central and Eastern Europe EU-LDC Trade and Capital Relations Series The EU-LDC Trade and Capital Relations Series publishes the proceedings of the EU-LDC Trade and Capital Relations Network's annual workshops. Thanks to a grant from the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Network was established at the Netherlands Economic Institute to monitor relations between the European Union and less developed countries. The activities of the Network include: (i) publication of a quarterly newsletter EU-LDC News, which highlights recent developments; (ii) workshops, which focus on strategic issues and (iii) publication of the workshops' proceedings. The activities of the Network are managed by a Network Team and supervised by a Steering Committee. Steering Committee Chairman Rolf Langhammer Michael Green K. Ad Koekkoek Arie Kuyvenhoven Patricio Meller Patrick A. Messerlin Willem T.M. Molle Christopher Stevens Secretary Nico van der Windt Network Team at the Netherlands Economic Institute Olga Memedovic Teus van Walderveen Marrie de Kreek Transition in Central and Eastern Europe Implications for ED- LDC Relations edited by Arie Kuyvenhoven Wageningen Agricultural University. Wageningen and The Netherlands Economic Institute Olga Memedovic The Netherlands Economic Institute and Nico van der Windt The Netherlands Economic Institute KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN-13: 978-94-010-7220-5 e-ISBN-I3: 978-94-009-1614-2 001: 10.1007/978-94-009-1614-2 Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates the publishing programmes of D. Reidel, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk and MTP Press. Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 1996 K1uwer Academic Publishers Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1996 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. Contents page List off igures Xl List of tables Xlll Glossary xvii Preface xxi Foreword J.P. Pronk xxiii Acknowledgements xxvii List of contributors xxix p ART ONE: OVERVIEW 1 Recent developments in EU-LDC relations: an overview 3 Olga Memedovic, Arie Kuyvenhoven, Han Herderschee and Nico Van Der Windt 1 Introduction 3 2 EU-LDC trade and capital relations 4 3 European integration 12 4 EU trade policies towards LDCs and the CEECs 16 5 Conclusions 23 2 Are EU trade, investment and development assistance being diverted from LDCs to CEECs? 27 Andreas Inotai 1 Introduction 27 2 The changed trade policy framework: the EAs 29 3 Trade impacts 33 4 Financial flows 45 5 Competition for FDI 48 6 More diversion ahead? 52 7 Conclusions 55 vi Discussion 61 Jorge Chami Batista and Mauricio Mesquita Moreira K. Ad Koekkoek PART TWO: EUROPEAN UNION POLICIES 3 The role of regional trade and investment agreements 69 Victoria Curzon-Price 1 Regional trade agreements 69 2 Regional investment agreements 79 3 Conclusions 85 Discussion 89 J.E.O. Mwencha Catrinus J. Jepma 4 The shaping of EU trade policies towards CEECs and LDCs 95 Enzo R. Grilli 1 Structure and evolution of EU trade policies 95 2 Main instruments of EU protectionism 99 3 Has EU non-tariff protectionism increased? 106 4 The trade performance of LDCs and CEECs in the EU market 115 5 Conclusions 121 Discussion 130 Arjun K. Sengupta Patrick A. Messerlin 5 EU policy alternatives towards CEECs and LDCs 139 Alasdair Smith 1 The development of EU-CEEC trade since 1989 139 2 EU trade policy in the short run 143 3 EU -CEEC trade and trade policy in the longer run 145 4 Trade and income distribution 146 5 Future EU trade policy towards the CEECs 147 6 EU-LDC and EU-CEEC trade patterns 149 7 What are the implications for LDCs of the development of EU-CEEC trade? 152 Discussion 154 Frances Ruane Vll PART THREE: SECTOR STUDIES 6 EU agricultural policy towards CEECs: the impact on LDCs 163 Ulrich Koester 1 Introduction 163 2 Impact of capital transfer 165 3 Trade concessions 167 4 Technical assistance 176 5 Conclusions 177 Discussion 179 Rashad Cassim Michiel A. Keyzer 7 The role of the MFA and the EAs in EU trade in textiles and clothing with LDCs and CEECs 187 Rejik Erzan 1 Introduction 187 2 The impact of the MFA on the CEECs and LDCs in 1985-92 188 3 Developments in the early 1990s 195 4 Prospects and predictions 197 Discussion 204 Pham Xuan Ai H.MA Onitiri PART FOUR: COUNTRY STUDIES 8 The Europe Agreements and EU-LDC relations: the case of France 211 Olivier Cadat and Jaime De Mela 1 Introduction 211 2 Aid and trade preferences under the Treaty of Rome and Yaounde Conventions 214 3 Continuity in trade and aid relations under the Lome Conventions 217 4 The political stakes in EU-LDC relations 220 5 The Europe Agreements: marginal trade preferences 222 Vin 6 Prospects for trade, investment and foreign aid between France and the CEECs and their impact on EU-ACP trade 228 7 CEECs' accession and EU budgetary pressures 233 8 Conclusions 234 Discussion 240 Ivan Mbirimi Jacob Kol 9 The CEECs as a stepping-stone to the EU market (with particular attention to Poland) 251 Elzbieta Kawecka-Wyrzykowska 1 Introduction 251 2 Economic transformation and trade liberalization 252 3 Towards a new role of foreign trade in the CEECs 254 4 Collapse of foreign trade in the CEECs 255 5 Impact of trade changes in the CEECs on LDC trade 258 6 Prospects for trade growth between CEECs and LDCs 259 7 Impact of the EAs on LDC trade 261 8 Challenges of the transformation period and the role of the EAs for the CEECs 265 9 Re-integration in the CEECs and its prospects 267 10 GATTIWTO-forum of trade policy discipline 270 11 Conclusions 271 Discussion 277 Mohan Kumar Chr. Stevens lOAn inventory of Turkey's international trade and investment agreements 285 Subidey Togan 1 Introduction 285 2 Turkey-EU Agreements 285 3 Relations between Turkey and other organizations 288 4 Turkey-Central Asia and Turkey-Azerbaijan 289 5 Protocol relating to trade negotiations amongst LDCs 289 Discussion 290 Zhou Sjijian Patricio Meller IX 11 Concluding remarks 297 Rolf J. Langhammer 1 What has been said 297 2 What has not been said 299 3 What could have been dealt with in more detail 301 Index 303 Figures page 4.1 EU export restraints by sector and affected exporters 109 4.2 Long-tenn trends in EU trade 116 5.1 Schematic picture of possible evolution of CEEC exports to the EU 156 5.2 Schematic picture of possible evolution of LDC-CEEC exports to the EU market 157 6.1 Linkages between the policies of the EU, the CEECs andLDCs 164 6.2 Exports of Poland, Hungary and the fonner Czechoslovakia to the EU, 1990 171 6.3 Agricultural exports from the fonner Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland to the EU 173 7.1a Restrictiveness of the MFA in the EU market, 1985-92 194 7.1h Restrictiveness of the MFA in the EU market, 1992 194 7.2 Per capita GNP of a selected group of countries and their share of textiles and clothing in manufactured exports to the OECD in 1992 200 Xl
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