Transition form-factor of γ 3π in nonlocal quark model. → A. S. Zhevlakov∗ Department of Physics, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia (Dated: April4, 2017) Thetransition form factorofagammaintothreepionsF3π isstudiedinaframework ofnonlocal chiral quark model. In local limit the result is in agreement with chiral perturbative theory and reproduce Wess-Zumino-Witten anomaly. Nonlocality does not change a value of transition form factor in chiral limit. On the physical threshold of reaction the form factor F3π obtained is in a good agreement with experimentaldata if thecurrent quark mass is taken intoaccount in model. I. INTRODUCTION Another processes which are also given entirely in 7 terms of the electric charge e and the pion decay con- 1 0 Starting from a paper of J. Steinberger in 1949 [1] stantfπ isthereactionofγπ± π±π0 ore+e− γ∗ 2 anomalies have played an important role in investiga- π0π−π+. These processes has→also a connection→to th→e r tionofstrong-interactionphysicsatlow-energies. Incase WZW anomalous effective actionand amplitude of reac- p of chiral model, anomalous Ward identities are due to tion have the same following form: A Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) effective action [2]. WZW 3 actioncan be constructed in terms of pseudoscalarfields A(γπ− →π−π0)=−iF3π(s,t,u)ǫµναβǫµpν0pα1pβ2, (3) - Goldstone bosons and interaction vertices involving an where ǫµ is polarization of incident photon and pi are ] odd number of Goldstone bosons. Using a topology ar- h momenta of pions. In chirallimit in low-orderby quark- guments, E. Witten showed [3] that this action can be p loops, form-factor of this amplitude is independent from quantized and i.e. a multiple of an integer parameter - Mandelstam variables s,t,u and have a simple form [12] p n which associated also with baryon number in soliton he moJd.eWlse.ssandB.Zuminoconsideredthehadronicsystem F3π(0,0,0)= 4πe2f3 =9.72GeV−3. (4) [ π in presence of external vector and axial vector fields[2]. 3 As a result the anomalous Ward identities and vertex of The processthatdescribedthis amplitude wasmeasured v interactionofGoldstonebosonswithexternalvectorfield for the first time at the IHEP accelerator (Serpukhov) 1 at the 40-GeV negative-pionbeam [13]. The experiment were obtained. All amplitudes that followfrom ofWZW 7 wasbasedonpionpairproductionbypionsinthenuclear action are givenentirely in terms of the electric charge e 1 Coulomb field via the Primakoffreaction 7 and the weak pion decay constant fπ. 0 A well-studied process that follows from WZW action π− + (Z,A) π−′+ (Z,A) + π0. (5) . isdecayofaneutralpseudoscalarmesonintotwophotons → 1 0 or production of a neutral pseudoscalar (PS) mesons in The value of F3π extracted from the experiment is 7 e+e− collisions. This transition form-factor was studied 1 using a number of different approaches: chiral perturba- Fexp =(12.9 0.9 0.5)GeV−3. (6) 3π ± ± : tion theory (ChPT), vector meson dominance approach v This expression still has a small difference from the the- [4, 5], sum rules [6, 7], different local andnonlocal quark i X models [8, 9]. According to WZW action, the amplitude oretical value given by low-energy theorem(4). The one- photonexchangeisadominatingprocessinthisreaction. r of this reaction has the following form a Onecanexpectthatthehigherprecisioninmeasuringof A(π0 γγ)=F (M2 )ǫµναβǫµkνǫαkβ, (1) this value will be obtained from the future experiments. → γγ π0 1 2 Therefore, there is a need in more accurate theoretical whereǫi andki -polarizationsandmomentaofphotons, j j estimations of this value. transition pion-photons form factor From the experiment side of reaction (5) will be mea- e suredinCERNCOMPASSexperiment[14]forscattering F (0)= . (2) γγ 4π2fπ kaons and pions on nuclear target. There exist theoreti- cal predictions on the value of the formfactor (5) in the The weak pion decay constant is f = f [1+O(m )] = π 0 q framework of different approaches, e.g., low-energy the- 92.4MeV. ThequarkmasscorrectioninChPTisasmall [10] but plays an important role in Dalitz decay π0 orem, ChPT (with and without taking to account the γe+e− As it was shown in reference [11]. On a mas→s- q2-dependence and electromagnetic corrections)[15], dis- persion relations and others. shell form-factor F have a corrections due to mass of γγ The present work will be focus of the transition form- pion. factor for γ∗ π+π0π− which will be described in the → framework of a nonlocal chiral quark model (NχQM). This model is a nonlocal extension of the Nambu-Jona ∗ [email protected] Lasinio (NJL) model [16–20]. The NχQM model has 2 tested in different regions of particle physics: meson dy- andtrickofGaussianintegral. Integratingoutthequark namics [8, 19], deconfinement [21], dense matter at high fields one can see that produced functional have a form: temperature and/or intense magnetic fields [22, 23]. Inthiswork,the useofthis modelresultsinreproduc- Z = D~πDσ exp[ S(σ,π)], (10) tionoflow-energytheoremfortheprocessphotonintoto Z − E three pions. Due to nonlocality of this model the result where bosonisated action is obtained is in a good agreement with the experimental data from Serpuhov [13]. 1 d4p This paperis organizedasfollows. Insect. II the non- S(σ,π) = lndet(D)+ (σ2+~π2). (11) E − 2GZ (2π)4 local quark model is briefly considered. In sect. III the calculation of transition form-factor of photon into tree The operator D in momentum space can be written as pionsdecayareperformedintheframeworkofthismodel andsomepropertiesofresultsobtainedarediscussed. In D =( pˆ m )(2π)4δ(p p′)+f(p2)f(p′2)(σ+τaπa), c sect. IV the summary is given and some conclusions are − − − made. Technical details can be found in appendix. where f(p) is Fourier transform of the form factor f(x). Assuming that scalar field σ has a non-trivial vacuum average, while the mean field (MF) values of the pseu- doscalarfieldsπaarezero,itispossiblerewritteninterms II. NχQM of new scalar and pseudoscalar fields as follows: The Lagrangianof the SU(2) SU(2) nonlocal chiral σ(x)=m +σ(x); πa(x)=πa(x). (12) × d quark model has the form [16, 20] Thisproposalofnon-trivialvacuumaverageofscalarfield NχQM=q¯(x)(i∂ˆ mc)q(x)+ (7) spontaneouslybreaks of symmetry. Parametermd is dy- L − G namical mass of quark. 2[JSa(x)JSa(x)+JPa(x)JPa(x)]. Bosonized effective action can be expanded in powers of the meson fluctuations and the expression takes the whereq(x)arethequarkfields,m isthediagonalmatrix form c of the quark currentmasses [24] and G is the four-quark coupling constant. S(σ,π) =SMF +Squad+... (13) E E E The nonlocal structure of the model is introduced via the nonlocal quark currents For calculation of considered transition form-factor one needstoconcentrateonmeanfieldactionperunitvolume and action in the quadratic term for the pseudoscalar Ja (x)= d4x d4x f(x )f(x )q¯(x x )Γa q(x+x ), S,P Z 1 2 1 2 − 1 S,P 2 fields. These are given by ΓaS =τa,ΓP =iγ5τa, (8) SMF d4p m2 E = 4N ln[p2+m2(p2)]+ d, (14) V(4) − cZ (2π)4 2G where f(x) is a form factor reflecting the nonlocal prop- ertiesoftheQCDvacuumandτa arePaulimatrices. For Squad = 1 d4p G−(p2)~π(p) ~π( p). simplicity in this work we do not consider an extended E 2Z (2π)4 · − model [19, 25] that includes other structures besides the pseudoscalar (P) and scalar (S) ones. New notation are introduced here The form factor f(x) characterizing the composite m(p2)=m +m f2(p2), (15) structure of hadron is an unknown function. The choice c d 1 of this form factor can be sensitive for physical observ- G−(p2)= 8N Π (p2), (16) c a ables [26]. To simplify the calculations the Gaussian G − [20,26]formoftheformfactorfunctionwillbeused. This where the mass of quark has in dependence on momen- function describe a nonlocality of interaction of quark tum. The polarization operator Π (p2) is a field with mesons. f(x)=Z (2dπ4k)4eixkf(k2), f(k2)=ek2/Λ2, (9) Πa(p2)=Z (d24Eπk)4fk2+kf+2k2−+(cid:2)m(k2+(k·+2k−))±k−2m+(km+2)2m(k(−2k)−2)(cid:3), (cid:2) (cid:3)(cid:2) (cid:3)(17) where Λ is a parameter cutoff. Note that this form is with k± =k±p/2 and fki =f(ki2), index a corresponds not the only one that can be used for parametrization to different channels of meson. The upper sign in nu- quark-antiquark potential [19, 26]. meratorcorrespondstothepseudoscalarchannelandthe Observable degrees of freedom are meson states. Pro- lower sign corresponds to the scalar channel. The inte- cedure of introducing of meson states is due to using gration here and later is gone on Euclid space d4k and E properties of partition function Z = DqDq¯exp[ S ] k2 = k2. − E − E R 3 A. Fitting the model 0,32 After introducing the dynamical mass of quarks, the model have four parameters: current m and dynamical c 0,30 m quarkmasses,four-quarkinteractionconstantG and d cutoff parameter Λ. These parameters are not indepen- V]0,28 dent. There have connections which can be obtained as Ge follows. Using the properties of action S for composite 3 , [0,26 operators,one canconstruct anequation for the size pa- 1/ > rameter (so-called gap equation): qq0,24 < - 0,22 ∂S =0. (18) (cid:28)∂σ(cid:29) 0,20 0 0,18 The latter relation leads to the following expression for 0,18 0,20 0,22 0,24 0,26 0,28 0,30 0,32 0,34 0,36 0,38 dynamic quark mass: md, [GeV] m =8N G d4Ep f2(p2)m(p2). (19) FIG.1. Behaviorofquarkcondensate−hq¯qi1/3 from dynam- d c Z (2π)4 p2+m2(p2) ical mass of quark in NχQM model. Black solid line corre- spondsachirallimit. Reddot-dashedlineshowsadependence One parameter can remain free, for example, dynamical at physical current quark mass. Dashed box corresponds the emperical boundsfrom [29, 30]. mass. This parameter can vary in its appropriate phys- ical range. Two parameters: current m and G or Λcan c befittedusingpionmassandwidthofpionintotwopho- tons decay. Last parameter can be found from the gap B. Nonlocal vertices equation. The chiral condensates are given by the vacuum ex- After we apply of mechanism of spontaneous sym- pectation values q¯q = u¯u = d¯d . By performing the metry breaking, the nonlocal interaction of quarks h i h i h i variationofmeanfieldpartitionfunctionwith respectto with meson fields generates corresponding quark self- the correspondingcurrent quark masses is obtained that interaction vertices and interaction vertices with gauge fields. These vertices can be incorporated in the model d4p m(p2) m usingSchwingerphasefactor. The theoryofnonlocalin- hq¯qi=−4NcZ (2Eπ)4 (cid:18) D(p) − p2+cm2(cid:19), (20) teraction gauge fields with quark and meson fields was c constructed in [34] and later was used to study the non- local quark model [8, 16, 18, 25, 35]. where D(p)=p2+m2(p2). The nonlocal vertex of interaction quark-antiquark Value of chiral condensate of light quarks is one of with external field can be written as: the fundamental parameters of non-perturbative QCD and chiral symmetry. Detailed analysis of quark con- Γ (q)=γ (p +p ) m(p ,p ), (21) µ µ 2 1 µ 1 2 densate behavior in nonlocal quark model with different − parametrizations was provided in [27]. Typical interval wherep andp =p +qaremomentaofquarks,qismo- 1 2 1 forphysicaldynamicalmassofquarkintheNχQMmodel mentum of external field [8, 16, 35]. Note that one can is takenin range 200 350MeV as reproducesempirical generate infinite number interaction vertices of quarks bands for light quark÷condensate q¯q 1/3 200 260 with external gauge fields. For interaction of quark- −h i ≃ ÷ MeV[28–30]. InadditionphysicalrangeinNχQMmodel antiquark with scalar or pseudoscalar mesons, vertices with Gaussian function of description a nonlocality of take forms: quark interaction with meson has qualitative agreement withtheresultsofquarkcondensatefromlatticecalcula- Γa =g (q2)τaf(p2)f(p2), (22) σ σ 1 2 tion [31, 32] and result from renormalizationgroup opti- Γa =g (q2)iγ τaf(p2)f(p2), (23) π π 5 1 2 mizedperturbationmethod[33]. Behavioroflightquark condensate from dynamical quark mass md in NχQM where p1 and p2 = p1 + q are momenta of quarks, q model is shown in Fig.1. Behavior of quark condensate is momentum of a meson, g (q2) and g (q2) are con- σ π atphysicalvalue ofcurrentquarkmasshassameviewof stants which describe a renormalization of scalar or curve as one in chiral limit but lies just below. pseudoscalar meson fields accordingly. The constants The error bar of estimation different values in frame- g (q2) are obtained by solving Bethe-Salpeter equa- (σ,π) work of NχQM model comes from the band in region of tion (BSE) [8, 16, 18] in the ladder approximation. As a physical dynamical mass of quark. resultofsolvingof BSE for a propagatorofa meson, the 4 corresponding quark-pion constant can be expressed as III. FORM-FACTOR OF F3π In this section, the transition form-factor photon into 1 g(2σ,π)(p2) three pions in the framework of NχQM is be described. = , (24) G+Π (p2) p2 m2 This form-factor follows from anomalous Ward identity. − (σ,π) − (σ,π) Herewereproducethe dependenceofthisform-factoron quarkmass in NχQMmodel. Note that this dependence where m is mass of sigma or pionmesons. Onmass- is absent in local limit. shell pion(σ,,πq)uark-pion constant can be fixed [17, 36, 37] In general, the amplitude of γ∗ π+π0π− processes → can be written as a sum of six diagrams.One of these diagrams is shown on Fig.2 and the others can be ob- 1 ∂Π (p2) tained from it by permutations of pion legs. There are (σ,π) = , (25) three groups of diagrams which have a symmetry under g(2σ,π)(m2(σ,π)) ∂p2 (cid:12)(cid:12)(cid:12)p2=m2 exchange of direction of quark momentum in quark loop (cid:12) (σ,π) k k. (cid:12) →− Inframeworkofnonlocalquarkmodelwithlinearcase where Π (p2) is polarization operator that is defined ofbosonization,contactednonlocalverticesofinteraction (σ,π) above. Constant g (q2) has a simple connection with pion with quark-quark-photon exist [9, 18, 38]. These π verticesdon’tmakeacontributioninF transitionform weak pion decay constant through Goldgerger-Treinman 3π factor because terms which contain them vanish after (GT) relation in chiral limit of model. Dirac matrices trace calculation. The amplitude of transition of gamma in three pions γ π can be written as A(γ π+π0π−)= iF (s,t,u)ǫµναβǫµpνpαpβ, (26) → − 3π 0 1 2 where p are momenta of pions, ǫµ is a polarization of i photonandF (s,t,u)isaLorentzscalarfunctionofthe 3π Mandelstamvariables. Itcanbedefinedfromthreetypes of diagrams in different kinematics: π π F3π(s,t,u)=F1(s,t,u)+F2(t,s,u)+F3(u,t,s),(27) FIG. 2. Feynman diagram which describing transition form- where s,t,u - are Mandelstam invariance variables. The factor γ∗π− →π0π−. All vertices are nonlocal. first function of transition form-factor can be calculated from the Feynman diagramsFig.2 and in NχQM model have a form F (s,t,u)=eN d4Ek gπ(p20)gπ(p21)gπ(p22)fkfk2+p1fk2−p0fk−p0−p2Trf[Q(τ−τ3τ++τ+τ3τ−)] 1 cZ (2π)4 D(k)D(k+p )D(k p )D(k p p ) × 1 0 0 2 − − − 4 m(k2)[A+1 B] m((k p )2)[C +A]+m((k+p )2)C+m((k p p )2)B , (28) 0 1 0 2 × − − − − − (cid:8) (cid:9) where D(k)=k2+m2(k2), Q is a chargematrix ofquark and τ± =(τ1 τ2)/√2 are combinations ofPaulimatrices ± that follow from pion fields. A coefficients A,B,C can be found in Appendix A. Structure functions F (s,u,t) and 2 F (t,s,u) have a connection with F (s,t,u) by crossing symmetry, namely: 3 1 F (t,s,u)=F (s,t,u)(p ⇆ p ,τ3 τ+) and F (u,t,s)=F (s,t,u)(p p ,τ3 τ−). (29) 2 1 0 1 3 1 0 2 − ↔ ↔− ↔ In low energy limit, when kinematic invariants s = t = u = 0 and performing the chiral expansion over m the c value of transition form factor has a form d4k (m (k2) m′(k2)k2) F (0,0,0)=eN N g3 E f6(k) 4 0 − 0 3π c f πZ (2π)4 (cid:26) (cid:20) D(k)4 (cid:21) (m2(k2) m (k2)m′(k2)k2) 1 1 32m 0 − 0 0 . (30) − c(cid:20) D(k)5 − 8D(k)4(cid:21)(cid:27) Here m(k2) m (k2) = m f2(k2), g = g (0) and second term in eq.(30) has a dependence from current mass of 0 d π π → 5 quark. In chiral limit current quark mass m is zero this form factor takes a form c eN N d4k 4m4(k2) 4m′(k2)m3(k2)k2 F (0,0,0)= c f E 0 − 0 0 , (31) 3π f3 Z (2π)4 (cid:20) D(k)4 (cid:21) π ∂m (k2) where m′(k2) = 0 . Goldgerger-Treinman rela- 0 ∂k2 tionatthequarklevelwhichholdsinchirallimitofquark 15 model, f =g /m , is used [20, 39, 40]. π π d When the parameter of nonlocality tends to infinity 14 Λ , f(k2) 1 and m′(k) = 0, m(k2) = m in d → ∞ → chiral case. Then the integral in Eq.(31) can be solved 13 ] analytically: -3 V e 12 ∞ k2m4 1 G[ dk2 d = . (32) , Z (k2+m2)4 6 F311 0 d In this particular limit, the eq.(31) reproduces WZW 10 form-factor [2]: 9 eN N e F = c f = 9.72(0.09)GeV−3. (33) 3π 24π2f3 4π2f3 ≃ 8 π π 0,18 0,20 0,22 0,24 0,26 0,28 0,30 0,32 0,34 0,36 0,38 Behavior of the form factor F in NχQM model is md, [GeV] 3π different on pion mass-shell and in chiral limit due to nonzero current quark mass. The dependence of F FIG. 3. Dependence of transition form-factor γ∗π− →π0π− 3π form-factoron dynamical quark mass for both cases of on dynamical mass of quark md. Solid black line show a be- pionmass-shelland chirallimit is shownonFig.3. Aver- haviorofF3π inchirallimit,dash-dotredlinecorrespondsto thetransitionform-factoronthephysicalthresholdofprocess. aged quantity of F at low energy in chiral limit is 3π The area between the olive dot lines show a range from Ser- F (0,0,0)=9.789(0.4)GeV−3. (34) pukhovexperiment[13]. Bluedashedlinecorrespondsalimit 3π valueF3π whenquark-mesonnonlocalityformfactortendsto Therefore, we can conclude that the presence of non- zero, f(p2) →0, in NχQM model or quantity obtained from locality does not change the picture in chiral limit and low-energy theorem. the obtained value of F is in agreement with the one 3π obtained from the low-energy theorem. For physical masses of pions, transition form fac- pionatnonzerocurrentmassofquarkplaysanimportant tor should be calculated on the physical threshold for role here. q2 = 0 and s + t + u = 3m2. In this case, kinemat- As in the case of pion transition form factor into two π ics variables [12] take the form sthr = (mπ− +mπ0)2, photons [10], F3π form factor is slowly changed with the tmptehπrr−tu=mrbπ−a0mt−ioπn−mmb2πy02π)0/m/((m2mπtπr−−an++simmtioππ0n0)).foaTrnmhduufsatcihntrol=rowFmetsπht−ro(hmrads2πe−rtho−ef gmInraoswlostwohefsoqtfudoayrrdnkearimsoiacfamdleomcroaemsismpoopfsoqitruitoaannrkti.neIffnpeccoltwusfeoirorsntoohffeecmluerocrtderenolt-. π 3π form: magnetic constant,nonlocal interactionexternalelectro- magnetic fields with quarks does not play a significant d4k Fthr(sthr,tthr,uthr)=eN N g3(m2) E f6(k2) roleandthe importantcontributionis dueto localvertex 3π c f π π Z (2π)4 × of interaction of quarks with a photon. Same effect oc- 4m(k2) 4m′(k2)k2 curs for transition form factor of pion into two photons ×(cid:20) D−(k)4 (cid:21)+O(m2π). (35) [8]. Nonlocalityofmeson–quarksverticesprovidedbyex- istence of form factors f(p2). The model in chiral limit Notethatthisformissimilartotheoneobtainedinchiral reproduce the form of expression F that follows from 3π limit. The corrections due to pion mass are suppressed. theWZWaction. ThevalueF inNχQMinchirallimit 3π Dependence on current quark mass leads to a following is in agreement with the one from low energy theorem. change of transition form factor: Fthr(sthr,tthr,uthr)=11.48(0.58)GeV−3. (36) 3π IV. OUTLOOK Directviolationofchiralsymmetrybyincluding nonzero currentquarkmassleadstoincreaseofvalueoftransition In article the transition form-factor of γ∗ π+π0π− → formfactorF (seeFig.3). Theshiftofdecayconstantof which reproduce a WZW term from anomalous Ward 3π 6 identitiesinchirallimitofmodelwasstudied. Itisshown for close reading. I thankful to M. V. Polyakov for mo- that the nonlocality does not play a significant role for tivation to study this subject. The work is supportedby theformfactorF inchirallimit. onthephysicalthresh- Russian Science Foundation grant (RSCF 15-12-10009). 3π old value transition form factor in nonlocal quark model Fthr = 11.48(0.58)GeV−3 has a good agreement with 3π experimentalwhichwasmeasuredbyAntipovetal. [13]. The dynamical quark mass has in the typical interval Appendix A: Kinematic functions 200 350 MeV for physical mass, and the current mass ÷ of quark has a typical values in range of 4 9 MeV. Functions A, B, C that appeared in eq.(28) after ÷ The resultobtainedfor F has anagreementwith re- 3π rewriting dependence of Lorenz-index loop integral in sults from dispersion analysis in two-loop [41], in frame- terms of external fields have the forms: workofintegralequationapproach[42]andfromthecase of dispersive representations with the ππ P-wave phase (kp )(p2p2 (p p )2) shift [43]. ChPT also has an agreementwith experimen- A= 1 0 2− 0 2 RT tal data and with this result in case when take into ac- countcorrectionatO(p6)withq2 -dependence andelec- +(kp2)((p0p1)(p0p2)−p20(p1p2)) tromagnetic corrections [15]. Full agreement with this RT resulthaveChPT incase ofO(p8)when electromagnetic +(kp0)((p0p2)(p1p2)−(p0p1)p22)), (A1) corrections at O(e2) are included. The calculations in RT NχQMcoincidewithladderDyson-Schwingercalculation [44]whichalsotakeintoaccountthe dependenceofmass on momentum of quark. One can say that nonperturba- (kp )((p p )(p p ) p2(p p )) tioneffectsareincorporatedinsideNχQMbyinclusionof B = 1 0 2 0 1 − 0 1 2 RT nonlocality structure of interaction quarks with mesons. (kp )(p2p2 (p p )2) Recently it was shown that picture of calculation will + 2 0 1− 0 1 change if one takes into account of intermediate vec- RT tor meson resonance exchange [45, 46]. Similar picture +(kp0)((p0p1)(p1p2)−(p0p2)p21)), (A2) shouldappearin the processesπγ∗ ππ/KK¯. We plan RT → toconsiderarolelightestvectormesoninthesereactions inframeworkofextendedSU(2) SU(2)model[25,39]. × It is also interesting in connection with future measure- (kp )((p p )(p p ) (p p )p2) ment of exclusive γp π+π−p reaction of photopro- C = 1 0 2 1 2 − 0 1 2 → RT ductionatthe GlueXexperimentatJeffersonlaboratory (kp )((p p )(p p ) p2(p p )) [47]. + 2 0 1 1 2 − 1 0 2 In future we plan to calculate Dalitz decays of η and RT η′ mesons into γπ+π− or e+e−π+π−. These decays are +(kp0)(p21p22−(p1p2)2)), (A3) well-studied experimentally and will be measured in fu- RT tureexperimentswithveryhighaccuracy. Theimportant roleintheseprocessesplaysvectormesonswhichhaveto where denominator RT is be included in extended SU(3) SU(3) model. × RT =p2p2p2+2(p p )(p p )(p p ) 0 1 2 0 1 0 2 1 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS −p20(p1p2)2−(p0p1)2p22−(p0p2)2p21. (A4) I thank A. E. Dorokhov, A. E. Radzhabov, These coefficients have a crossing symmetry: C = D.V.KarlovetsandA.A.Shishmarevfordiscussionand A(p p ) and B =A(p p ). 0 1 0 2 ↔− ↔− [1] J. Steinberger, Phys. Rev.76, 1180 (1949). [7] A. G. Oganesian, A. V. Pimikov, N. G. Stefanis, and [2] J. Wess and B. Zumino,Phys. Lett. 37B, 95 (1971). O. V. Teryaev,Phys. Rev.D93, 054040 (2016). [3] E. Witten, Nucl.Phys. B 223, 422 (1983). [8] A. E. Dorokhov, A. E. Radzhabov, and A. Zhevlakov, [4] E. Ruiz Arriola and W. Broniowski, Phys. Rev. D81, Eur. Phys. J. C71, 1702 (2011). 094021 (2010). [9] D. G. Dumm, S. Noguera, N. N. Scoccola, and [5] M. Knecht and A. Nyffeler, Phys. Rev. D65, 073034 S. Scopetta, Phys. Rev.D89, 054031 (2014). (2002). [10] A.M.BernsteinandB.R.Holstein,Rev.Mod.Phys.85, [6] S. V. Mikhailov, A. V. Pimikov, and N. G. Stefanis, 49 (2013). Phys.Rev.D82, 054020 (2010). [11] J. Bijnens, Nucl.Phys. B 367, 709 (1991). 7 [12] I. Giller, A. Ocherashvili, T. Ebertshauser, M. A. Phys. Lett. B417, 173 (1998). Moinester, and S. Scherer, Eur. Phys. J. A25, 229 [30] L. Giusti, F. Rapuano, M. Talevi, and A. Vladikas, (2005). Nucl. Phys. B538, 249 (1999). [13] Yu.M. Antipovet al., Phys.Rev.D36, 21 (1987). [31] S. Aokiet al.,Eur. Phys.J. C74, 2890 (2014). [14] G. Baum. et al, CERN-SPSLC96-14 (1996). [32] G. Colangelo et al.,Eur. Phys. J. C71, 1695 (2011). [15] L. Ametller, M. Knecht, and P. Talavera, Phys. Rev. [33] J.-L. Kneur and A. Neveu, D64, 094009 (2001). Phys. Rev.D92, 074027 (2015). [16] I. V. Anikin, A. E. Dorokhov, and L. Tomio, Phys. [34] J. Terning, Phys. Rev.D44, 887 (1991). Part. Nucl. 31, 509 (2000), [Fiz. Elem. Chast. Atom. [35] A. E. Dorokhov, A. E. Radzhabov, and A. Zhevlakov, Yadra31,1023(2000)]. Eur. Phys. J. C75, 417 (2015). [17] A. E. Dorokhov and L. Tomio, [36] S. Weinberg, Phys.Rev. 130, 776 (1963). Phys.Rev.D62, 014016 (2000). [37] A. Salam, NuovoCim. 25, 224 (1962). [18] S.Noguera, Int.J. Mod. Phys.E16, 97 (2007). [38] A.E.Dorokhov,A.E.Radzhabov, andA.S.Zhevlakov, [19] S. Noguera and N. N. Scoccola, Eur. Phys. J. C72, 2227 (2012). Phys.Rev.D78, 114002 (2008). [39] A. E. Dorokhov and W. Broniowski, [20] A. Scarpettini, D. Gomez Dumm, and N. N. Scoccola, Eur. Phys. J. C32, 79 (2003). Phys.Rev.D69, 114018 (2004). [40] A. Osipov, A. Radzhabov, and M. Volkov, [21] A. E. Radzhabov and M. K. Volkov, Phys.Atom.Nucl. 70, 1931 (2007). Eur. Phys.J. A19, 139 (2004), [Phys. Part. Nucl. [41] T. Hannah,Nucl. Phys.B593, 577 (2001). Lett.1,1(2004)]. [42] T. N.Truong, Phys.Rev.D65, 056004 (2002). [22] A. E. Radzhabov, D. Blaschke, M. Buballa, and M. K. [43] M. Hoferichter, B. Kubis, and D. Sakkas, Volkov,Phys.Rev.D83, 116004 (2011). Phys. Rev.D86, 116009 (2012). [23] D.Gomez Dumm,D. B. Blaschke, A.G. Grunfeld, and [44] S. R. Cotanch and P. Maris, Phys. Rev. D68, 036006 N.N. Scoccola, Phys. Rev.D73, 114019 (2006). (2003). [24] We consider the isospin limit where masses of quarks u [45] R.A.Briceno,J.J.Dudek,R.G.Edwards,C.J.Shultz, and d are equal. C. E. Thomas, andD.J. Wilson, Phys.Rev.Lett.115, [25] M.IzzoVillafae, D.GomezDumm, andN.N.Scoccola, 242001 (2015). Phys.Rev.D94, 054003 (2016). [46] R. A. Briceo, J. J. Dudek, R. G. Edwards, C. J. Shultz, [26] I. Anikin, M. A. Ivanov, N. Kulimanova, and V. E. C. E. Thomas, and D. J. Wilson, Phys. Rev. D93, Lyubovitskij, Phys. Atom. Nucl. 57, 1021 (1994), [Yad. 114508 (2016). Fiz.57,1082(1994)]. [47] H. Al Ghoul et al. (GlueX), Proceedings, 16th Inter- [27] D. Gomez Dumm, A. G. Grunfeld, and N. N. Scoccola, national Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy (Hadron Phys.Rev.D74, 054026 (2006). 2015): Newport News, Virginia, USA, September 13-18, [28] M. A. Shifman, A. I. Vainshtein, and V. I. Zakharov, 2015, AIPConf. Proc. 1735, 020001 (2016). Nucl.Phys. B147, 385 (1979). [29] H. G. Dosch and S. Narison,