Transgressing the Bounds: Subversive Enterprises among the Puritan Elite in Massachusetts, 1630-1692 PDF
Preview Transgressing the Bounds: Subversive Enterprises among the Puritan Elite in Massachusetts, 1630-1692
Transgressing the Bounds: Subversive Enterprises among the Puritan Elite in Massachusetts, 1630–1692 Louise A. Breen OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Transgressing the Bounds Recenttitlesin religion in america series HarryS.Stout,GeneralEditor saints in exile our lady of the exile TheHoliness-PentecostalExperiencein DiasporicReligionataCubanCatholic AfricanAmericanReligionandCulture ShrineinMiami CherylJ.Sanders ThomasA.Tweed democratic religion taking heaven by storm Freedom,Authority,andChurchDiscipline MethodismandtheRiseofPopular intheBaptistSouth,1785–1900 ChristianityinAmerica GregoryA.Wills JohnH.Wigger encounters with god the soul of development AnApproachtotheTheologyofJonathan BiblicalChristianityandEconomic Edwards TransformationinGuatemala MichaelJ.McClymond AmyL.Sherman evangelicals and science in the viper on the hearth historical perspective Mormons,Myths,andtheConstructionof EditedbyDavidN.Livingstone, Heresy D.G.Hart,andMarkA.Noll TerrylL.Givens methodism and the southern sacred companies mind, 1770–1810 OrganizationalAspectsofReligionand CynthiaLynnLyerly ReligiousAspectsofOrganizations princeton in the nation’s EditedbyN.J.DemerathIII, service PeterDobkinHall, ReligiousIdealsandEducationalPractice, TerrySchmitt,and 1868–1928 RhysH.Williams P.C.Kemeny mary lyon and the mount church people in the holyoke missionaries struggle AmandaPorterfield TheNationalCouncilofChurchesandthe BlackFreedomMovement, being there 1950–1970 CultureandFormationinTwo JamesF.Findlay,Jr. TheologicalSchools tenacious of their liberties JacksonW.Carroll,BarbaraG.Wheeler, DanielO.Aleshire, TheCongregationalistsinColonial PennyLongMarler Massachusetts JamesF.Cooper,Jr. the character of god black zion RecoveringtheLostLiteraryPowerof AfricanAmericanReligiousEncounterswith AmericanProtestantism Judaism ThomasE.Jenkins YvonneChireau the revival of NathanielDeutsch 1857–58 InterpretinganAmericanReligious religion and sex in american Awakening public life KathrynTeresaLong KathleenM.Sands american madonna transgressing the bounds ImagesoftheDivineWomaninLiterary SubversiveEnterprisesamongthePuritan Culture EliteinMassachusetts,1630–1692 JohnGatta LouiseA.Breen T B ransgressing the ounds Subversive Enterprises among the Puritan Elite in Massachusetts, 1630–1692 Louise A. Breen 1 2001 1 Oxford NewYork Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogota´ Bombay BuenosAires Calcutta CapeTown DaresSalaam Delhi Florence HongKong Istanbul Karachi KualaLumpur Madras Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi Paris Shanghai Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto andassociatedcompaniesin Berlin Ibadan Copyright(cid:1)2001byLouiseA.Breen PublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress,Inc., 198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NewYork10016 OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise, withoutthepriorpermissionofOxfordUniversityPress. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Breen,Louise. Transgressingthebounds:subversiveenterprisesamongthePuritanelitein Massachusetts,1630–1692/LouiseBreen. p. cm.—(ReligioninAmericaseries) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN0-19-513800-7 1. Puritans—Massachusetts—History—17thcentury.2. Puritans—Massachusetts— Socialconditions—17thcentury.3. Elite(Socialsciences)—Massachusetts—History —17thcentury.4. Civil-militaryrelations—Massachusetts—History—17thcentury. 5. AncientandHonorableArtilleryCompanyofMassachusetts—History—17thcentury. 6. Antinomianism—History—17thcentury.7. Massachusetts—History— Colonialperiod,ca.1600–1775.8. Massachusetts—Socialconditions—17thcentury. 9. Massachusetts—Churchhistory—17thcentury. I. Title. II. ReligioninAmericaseries(OxfordUniversityPress) F67.B822000 974.4'02'08825—dc21 00-026310 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica onacid-freepaper Acknowledgments This is a wonderful opportunity to thank thefine individualsandinstitu- tionsthathavehelpedmealongtheway.Firstandforemost,Ihavebeen blessedwithwonderfulteachers.KarenO.Kupperman,mymajorprofessor duringmygraduatecareerattheUniversityofConnecticut,andamentor to me in the years thereafter, has shared her enviable knowledge of early Americanhistory,and,throughherownpursuitofexcellence,hasbeena sourceofconstantinspiration.Fromthedissertationstageforward,shehas read and commented upon successive drafts of this manuscript, offering encouragement and criticism at all the critical junctures. Harry S. Stout, whom I encountered initially as the tremendously enthusiasticinstructor ofmyfirstuniversity-levelU.S.Historysurveyclass,showedmethathistory was an interpretiveenterprise,andofferedwhat,atthetime,Itooktobe apreposteroussuggestion:thatIpursueanadvanceddegreeinthesubject. Later on, after I acted on his advice and enrolled in his seminar on New England history, he instilled in me an abiding interest in the Puritans. HarryS.Stoutshowedmewhatwaspossible;hiswordsofencouragement atsuchanearlystagemadeatremendousimpression,andledmeultimately toacareerinhistory.Idonothavewordssufficienttoexpressmythanks forthe timeand effort thesetwogenerousscholarshaveexpendedonmy behalf. During the research and writing of the dissertation out of which this book grew, I received short-term research fellowships from the Masachu- vi acknowledgments setts Historical Society and the John Carter Brown Library, as well as a year-longdissertationfellowshipfromtheHarryFrankGuggenheimFoun- dation.AfterjoiningthehistorydepartmentatKansasStateUniversity,I was granted a Faculty Fellowship from the Pew Program in Religion and American History at Yale University, which afforded me the tremendous gift of a free year in which to rethink portions of my work, and to revise themanuscriptintoitspresentform.DuringmytimeattheUniversityof Connecticut,IbenefitedgreatlyfromtheinstructionandadviceofRichard D.BrownandShirleyA.Roe,andfromthefriendshipofJamesF.Cooper Jr.,KennethP.Minkeman,Cynthia,J.VanZandt,WalterW.Woodward, and Philip Zwick. I would also like to thank the anonymous readerswho commented on my manuscript when it was being considered for publica- tion. On a personal level, I must acknowledge my very supportive family. My parents, Dorothy E. Breen and Robert L. Breen, provided encourage- ment both moral and material as I pursued graduate study. My husband, SaeedM.Khan,sustainsmeininnumerableways,andhasmanifestedhis affectionbysomehowlearningtolivewiththePuritans.Finally,Iowemy colleaguesintheHistoryDepartmentatKansasStateUniversityadebtof gratitude for providing a stimulating and good-natured atmosphere in whichtoteach,write,andreflect. I have incorporated into this book materials previously published in Louise A. Breen, “Religious Radicalism in the Puritan Officer Corps: Antinomianism, the Artillery Company, and Cultural Integration in Seventeenth-Century Boston,” New EnglandQuarterly,68(March1995), 3–43; and “Praying with the Enemy: Daniel Gookin, King Philip’s War andtheDangersofInterculturalMediatorship,”inEmpireandOthers:Brit- ishEncounterswithIndigenousPeoples,1600–1850,ed.MartinDauntonand RichHalpern(Philadelphia:UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress,1999),101– 22.Ithankthepulishersforallowingmetouseportionsoftheseessaysin thisbook.Quotationsandcitationsfrommanuscriptcollectionsownedby the Massachuetts Historical Society and the Massachusetts Archives at ColumbiaPointappearherebypermissionofthoseinstitutions. L.A.B. Manhattan,Kansas Contents Introduction 3 1 TheAntinomianMoment:AContestofCulturesin PuritanMassachusetts 17 2 “IAmeAsJephthah:”Honor,Heresy,andtheMassachusetts OrdealofJohnUnderhill 57 3 CosmopolitanPuritansinaProvincialColony 97 4 PrayingwiththeEnemy:DanielGookin,KingPhilip’sWar, andtheDangersofInterculturalMediatorship 145 5 EpilogueandConclusion 197 Notes 221 Index 283 Transgressing the Bounds
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